建筑材料检测数据智能化处理仪的研究与设计
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摘要
建筑材料质量检测事关国家利益的保障和人民群众的安危。但长期以来一直处于人工操作的低水平状况。本课题在无损探测技术中选择超声技术和压力传感器应用到试验试件拉伸检测中，取代人工操作、手工测量、肉眼观察的落后方法。设计并研制出能够接收超声探测器及压力传感器发出的信号并加以适当处理的数据采集器。构成了一套完整的建材检测装置。它不但实现了建材检测全程的机械化、自动化，而且，在数据采集和数据处理等中间步骤中还被赋予了智能化的内容。
本课题严格按着国家相关的建材标准要求，参照建筑施工的实际需要，分别选取Φ20、Φ22、Φ25三组不同规格的钢筋试件，使用上述装置与传统的人工方法同步做对照试验检测。试验过程中，本试验装置工作稳定，与万能试验机配合运行良好。试验结果经统计学处理后显示试验装置检测结果与出厂质量证明结果之间高度接近，不存在系统误差(P＞0.2)。表明了本课题设计使用的技术手段与试验装置具有良好的实用性。另外，在数据采集过程中，试件各项指标的参差不齐、温度的变化、加荷速度的不均匀等因素均未对试验结果造成不良影响，说明了数据采集器的智能性所在。最终结果为我们所提供的合乎要求的试验报告也反映出了所编制的数据处理程序具有较好的智能性。本试验装置与以往的人工检测相比明显表现出操作简单、测试速度快、精度高、可信度大等诸多优点。其总成本造价较低，适于各级建筑工程质量检测站使用，具有非常广泛的推广应用价值。
本课题中还探讨了在试件检测过程中上、下夹口处滑移对检测结果影响的问题。并通过将探测点移至试件两端的方法使这两个问题得到根本性解决。这种检测方法在国内尚未见报道。
Building material quality inspection involves safeguarding the state's interests and the public safety, but for a long period in the past, it has been done manually under a lower standard. The present research subject applies supersonic and pressure sensitive techniques of the nondestructive inspection technology in the tensile test of the samples, replacing the old manual operation, manual measurement and naked-eye inspection. A data collector has been designed which is capable of receiving signals sent by the supersonic tester and pressure sensor and processing the data collected, all of which form a complete mechanization and automation of building material measurement, it also possible for intelligent data collection and processing.
The present research subject, in accordions with the state's building material standard requirements and the practical needs of construction, chooses three groups of reinforced bar samples with diameters of 20,22 and 25 respectively for comparative tests between the traditional manual method and the newly designed device. The latter proves to be very effective and steady, collaborating perfectly with the universal test machine. The test results of the data collected by the equipment and those collected by actual measurement, after processing through statistical method, proved to be very close, without any systematic errors (P>0.2) which shows the practicality of the present device and the adopted technical measures. Besides, in the process of data collection, such factors as the different indexes of the samples, the change of temperature and the unevenness of weight addition did not lead to negative effect on testing results, which shows the high intelligence the data collector possesses. The requirement-meeting test report provided on the basis of final test also shows the designed data processing program possesses a superior intelligence. Compared with the traditional manual inspection method, the newly designed device is superior for its easy operation, speedy testing, high accuracy and reliability. Its comparative low final cost makes it possible for widespread application by various construction quality inspection authorities at different levels.
The present research subject also touches upon the effect of slipping the upper and lower clamping mouths on the test results in the process of sample testing. The problem has been completely solved by moving the testing spots to the two ends of the samples, which is quite unique and has not been reported within the county.
本课题严格按着国家相关的建材标准要求，参照建筑施工的实际需要，分别选取Φ20、Φ22、Φ25三组不同规格的钢筋试件，使用上述装置与传统的人工方法同步做对照试验检测。试验过程中，本试验装置工作稳定，与万能试验机配合运行良好。试验结果经统计学处理后显示试验装置检测结果与出厂质量证明结果之间高度接近，不存在系统误差(P＞0.2)。表明了本课题设计使用的技术手段与试验装置具有良好的实用性。另外，在数据采集过程中，试件各项指标的参差不齐、温度的变化、加荷速度的不均匀等因素均未对试验结果造成不良影响，说明了数据采集器的智能性所在。最终结果为我们所提供的合乎要求的试验报告也反映出了所编制的数据处理程序具有较好的智能性。本试验装置与以往的人工检测相比明显表现出操作简单、测试速度快、精度高、可信度大等诸多优点。其总成本造价较低，适于各级建筑工程质量检测站使用，具有非常广泛的推广应用价值。
本课题中还探讨了在试件检测过程中上、下夹口处滑移对检测结果影响的问题。并通过将探测点移至试件两端的方法使这两个问题得到根本性解决。这种检测方法在国内尚未见报道。
Building material quality inspection involves safeguarding the state's interests and the public safety, but for a long period in the past, it has been done manually under a lower standard. The present research subject applies supersonic and pressure sensitive techniques of the nondestructive inspection technology in the tensile test of the samples, replacing the old manual operation, manual measurement and naked-eye inspection. A data collector has been designed which is capable of receiving signals sent by the supersonic tester and pressure sensor and processing the data collected, all of which form a complete mechanization and automation of building material measurement, it also possible for intelligent data collection and processing.
The present research subject, in accordions with the state's building material standard requirements and the practical needs of construction, chooses three groups of reinforced bar samples with diameters of 20,22 and 25 respectively for comparative tests between the traditional manual method and the newly designed device. The latter proves to be very effective and steady, collaborating perfectly with the universal test machine. The test results of the data collected by the equipment and those collected by actual measurement, after processing through statistical method, proved to be very close, without any systematic errors (P>0.2) which shows the practicality of the present device and the adopted technical measures. Besides, in the process of data collection, such factors as the different indexes of the samples, the change of temperature and the unevenness of weight addition did not lead to negative effect on testing results, which shows the high intelligence the data collector possesses. The requirement-meeting test report provided on the basis of final test also shows the designed data processing program possesses a superior intelligence. Compared with the traditional manual inspection method, the newly designed device is superior for its easy operation, speedy testing, high accuracy and reliability. Its comparative low final cost makes it possible for widespread application by various construction quality inspection authorities at different levels.
The present research subject also touches upon the effect of slipping the upper and lower clamping mouths on the test results in the process of sample testing. The problem has been completely solved by moving the testing spots to the two ends of the samples, which is quite unique and has not been reported within the county.
引文
[1] 李莉．辊型在线超声检测可行性研究．传感技术学报，1998，11(4)：66—70
[2] 张炜．向“豆腐渣”工程说不．工程质量，2002，2 37
[3] 张波等．超声平测—回弹综合法测试砼强度研究 2002(3)25—26
[4] 无损检测概论．机械工业出版社
[5] 陈文革．超声无损检测的应用研究与进展．无损探伤，2001(4)：1—3
[6] Daniele Marioli,et al..Digital time-of-flight measurement for ultrasonic sensors.IEEE Trans.Instrum,Meas, 1992,41(1):93～97.
[7] McMullan WG, et al.A simple rising-edge detecter for time-of- arrivel estimation.IEEE Trans.Instrum,Meas,1996,45(4):823～827.
[8] 郑中兴．微电脑技术在无损检测仪器设备的智能化和自动化及其结果评价中的应用．无损探伤，2001(6)：1—2
[9] 美国无损检测手册(超声卷上册)
[10] 魏黎民．超声波反射及检测技术的应用开发，2002(1)32—33
[11] 材料机械性能试验基础．机械工业出版社
[12] 孙训芳．材料力学 高等教育出版社 1982 10～45
[13] 姚启均．做好材料试验工作中的有关技术问题 工程质量2002(3) 30—32
[14] 陈平．土木工程结构试验．建工出版社，2001(260)
[15] 金篆正等．现代传感技术．电子工业出版社，1995：329—331，302
[16] 何立民．MCS—51系列单片机应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[17] 实用电子电路手册
[18] 张福学．传感器敏感元器件大全．电子工业出版社，1990
[19] 孙涵芳主编．Intel16位单片机．北京航空航天大学出版社，1995(11)
[20] 实用电子电路手册编写组．实用电子电路手册．高等教育出版社，1991：391～410
[21] 马大猷．声学手册．科学出版社，1987
[22] 范逸之．Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制，中国青年出版社，2001(1)
[23] 陈俊源．活用Visual Basic5.0中文版．清华大学出版社，1997(12)
[24] 张思东．微处理机接口技术．中国计量出版社，1988：257
[25] 石井勇五郎．无损探测学1986
[26] 张树兵．Visual Basic6.0中文版入门与提高．清华大学出版社，1999(6)
[2] 张炜．向“豆腐渣”工程说不．工程质量，2002，2 37
[3] 张波等．超声平测—回弹综合法测试砼强度研究 2002(3)25—26
[4] 无损检测概论．机械工业出版社
[5] 陈文革．超声无损检测的应用研究与进展．无损探伤，2001(4)：1—3
[6] Daniele Marioli,et al..Digital time-of-flight measurement for ultrasonic sensors.IEEE Trans.Instrum,Meas, 1992,41(1):93～97.
[7] McMullan WG, et al.A simple rising-edge detecter for time-of- arrivel estimation.IEEE Trans.Instrum,Meas,1996,45(4):823～827.
[8] 郑中兴．微电脑技术在无损检测仪器设备的智能化和自动化及其结果评价中的应用．无损探伤，2001(6)：1—2
[9] 美国无损检测手册(超声卷上册)
[10] 魏黎民．超声波反射及检测技术的应用开发，2002(1)32—33
[11] 材料机械性能试验基础．机械工业出版社
[12] 孙训芳．材料力学 高等教育出版社 1982 10～45
[13] 姚启均．做好材料试验工作中的有关技术问题 工程质量2002(3) 30—32
[14] 陈平．土木工程结构试验．建工出版社，2001(260)
[15] 金篆正等．现代传感技术．电子工业出版社，1995：329—331，302
[16] 何立民．MCS—51系列单片机应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[17] 实用电子电路手册
[18] 张福学．传感器敏感元器件大全．电子工业出版社，1990
[19] 孙涵芳主编．Intel16位单片机．北京航空航天大学出版社，1995(11)
[20] 实用电子电路手册编写组．实用电子电路手册．高等教育出版社，1991：391～410
[21] 马大猷．声学手册．科学出版社，1987
[22] 范逸之．Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制，中国青年出版社，2001(1)
[23] 陈俊源．活用Visual Basic5.0中文版．清华大学出版社，1997(12)
[24] 张思东．微处理机接口技术．中国计量出版社，1988：257
[25] 石井勇五郎．无损探测学1986
[26] 张树兵．Visual Basic6.0中文版入门与提高．清华大学出版社，1999(6)