高分辨率合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术及其应用研究
|
摘要
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是近二十多年发展起来的一种先进的空间观测技术,它将传统的合成孔径雷达技术与干涉测量技术结合起来,由双天线模式或单天线重复轨道模式对同一地区雷达成像生成两幅SAR复图像,利用这两幅复图像的干涉相位信息提取地表的三维信息和高程变化信息,获取全球高精度的地形信息。它具有高分辨率、全天候全天时工作、成像范围宽和应用范围广等特点。而差分InSAR(D-InSAR)技术是在InSAR基础上发展起来的,可以监测地球陆地表面和冰雪表面的微小变化,从而获得高精度、高可靠性的地表变化信息。这项技术可用于研究过去长时间无法到达的冰川和冰缘的变化情况,也可用于一些灾害性地表形变的探测,如地震、火山爆发、滑坡、洪水等,尤其是其在军事方面的应用引起了各国的关注。因而InSAR已成为卫星遥感研究的热点。
论文系统介绍了InSAR技术的发展历程、应用现状、几何成像原理及数据处理流程;对其中的关键处理技术包括SAR图像配准、干涉图去平地效应和去噪、干涉图相位解缠的原理和算法做了深入的讨论和分析;研究了InSAR与D-InSAR技术在地球科学中的应用,并给出了应用实例。
用于干涉测量的两幅SAR复图像必须先配准。为获取高精度的测量结果,论文提出一种包括概略配准、像素级初配准和亚像素级精配准三个环节的逐级提高精度的InSAR复图像配准方法。该方法利用EnView软件提供的经度和纬度实现概略配准;采用基于多边形结构和边缘提取的像素级初匹配方法大大提高匹配速度;考虑以往的匹配算法都是基于能量图进行并且忽略了SAR复图像的整体性,采用基于整体松弛匹配和基于相位差分的最小二乘匹配相结合的亚像素级精配准算法减少误匹配率,提高匹配精度。
配准后生成的InSAR干涉图相位信息包括地形信息和平地效应信息,为获取精确地形信息,必须去除平地效应信息。针对常规去平地效应方法中参数难以获取及精度不够高的现状,提出了基于线性插值的频谱偏移去平地效应方法,该算法在体现频移去平地效应的优势的基础上,通过插值提高频移的分辨率。实验结果表明该算法容易实现,精度也大大提高。
具有各向异性特征的InSAR干涉图中含有各种噪声,常规方法往往采用矩形滤波窗口去噪,这样做的结果是在得到滤波效果的同时模糊了相位信息,损害了干涉图的条纹信息。论文提出一种基于干涉条纹中心的InSAR干涉图滤波算法,该算法采用沿干涉条纹中心线获取的等相位线滤波窗口滤波,符合干涉图的各向异向特征;考虑到获取条纹中心线的复杂性,使用CNN(细胞神经网络)的并行算法来提高获取条纹中心线的速度;鉴于干涉相位图存在2π跳变线,最后的滤波采用正弦图(或余弦图)均值滤波算法。用该方法实现了两幅实际图像的滤波,实验结果的视觉特征良好、残差点减少、边缘保持能力增强,表明该算法具有高精度的滤波效果。
常用的相位解缠算法分为两种类型:基于路径跟踪的相位解缠方法和基于最小二乘法的相位解缠方法,这两类方法面临精确性和计算速度不能兼顾的问题。对此本文提出一种基于Delaunay三角网最小费用流算法的分区域干涉图相位解缠方法。该方法采用残差点距离原则利用残差点信息将干涉相位图分为高质量相位区域和低质量相位区域;考虑到残差点分布的不规则性和最小费用流算法的成熟性,利用基于Delaunay三角剖分的最小费用流解缠算法和区域生长解缠算法的优点,分别对InSAR干涉图相位高质量区域和低质量区域解缠,同时提高解缠的精确性和速度。
利用本论文提出的算法,根据ERS-1/2提供的SAR数据,利用InSAR技术生成了新疆喀什地区的相对数字高程图;根据ENVISAT卫星提供的ASAR数据,利用D-InSAR技术生成了反映伊朗BAM地区由2003年12月26日地震引起的地表形变的差分干涉图。
Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) is an advanced space observation technique. It is the synthesis of conventional SAR techniques and interferemetry techniques that have been developed over several decades. It relies on the processing of two SAR images of the same portion of the Earth's surface obtained either from two displaced passes of the SAR antenna at different times (repeat-pass interferometry), or from two antennas placed on the same platform and separated perpendicularly to the flight path (single-pass SAR interferometry). The 3D information of the ground and the deformation of the elevation can be extracted by according to the interference phase information of the two SAR images and the high accurate terrain information can be generated all over the world. It has the features of fine resolution mapping, working under any weather condition, imaging in daylight or at night, wide mapping range and with lots of applications. The difference InSAR(D-InSAR) is developed based on InSAR. It can monitor the tiny variation on the surface of the land and ice on the earth. It also can obtain high accurate and high credible deformation of the earth's surface. InSAR and D-InSAR can be used to study the change of the unreachable areas before such as the glacier and the ice barrier. And also this technology can explore the Earth's surface hazard deformation such as earthquake, volcano, coast, flood, minitary and so on. So it has been the studying hotspot in the satellite remote sensing field.
The development history, application actuality, geometry imaging principle and data processing procedure of InSAR are introduced. The principles and algorithms of the key technologies including registration of SAR images, the flat earth effect removal, filtering of the interferogram and phase unwrapping are deeply discussed and analyzed. The application of the InSAR and D-InSAR in the Earth science field are studied and the actual examples are provided.
The registration of the two SAR complex images used for interferometry must be performed. To obtain better measuring results, a method is proposed to improve the registration accuracy progressively for InSAR complex image. The procedure includes calculating the approximate offsets by using EnView software, pixel level's coarse match and sub-pixel level's precise co-registration. The primary matching algorithm based polygon structure and edge extraction enhances matching rate greatly. Considering that the presented algorithms are based on the altitude images and ignore the integration, the algorithm by using global relaxation matching on account of the phase is proposed in the last matching step to reduce the matching errors and improve matching precision. The experiment shows the nicer validity of this algorithm.
The phase information of the interferogram generated after registration includes terrains information and flat earth effect information. To acquire accurate terrain information, the latter must be removed. Aimed at the difficulty to get parameters and the low precision of the common methods, a high accurate algorithm to obtain a precision result based on frequency shift and linear interpolation technology was proposed in this paper. Taking full advantage of the frequency shift method, this algorithm can improve the resolution of the frequency shift through linear interpolation. The actual data shows the feasibility and validity of the algorithm in the processing.
There is multifarious noise in the interferogram with the anisotropy characteristic. The conventional methods eliminate the noise with the rectangle filtering window. Thus the phase information is confused and the fringe information maybe damaged. Aimed at the stripe's anisotropic characteristic, a method for InSAR interferogram filtering based on the center lines of interference-stripes is proposed. It first extracts the center of interference-stripes quickly by using CNN(Cellular neural networks) algorithm for it's parallel feature to process data. According to the center lines the contoured filtering window is obtained. The InSAR interference phase images have 2πjumping lines. So finally the sine or cosine filtering combined with the equal phase lines filtering window is performed which can remove the noise of the InSAR phase images while avoiding damaging the phase distributing. The filtering of two fact interference phase images is implemented with this method. The experiment results with good visual feature, little residue and strong image edges holding ability show that this method is efficient.
There are two main types of phase unwrapping algorithms: based on path tracing and based on the least square method. The two methods hardly give attention to both aspects of precision and speed. A layering phase wrapping method based on Delaunay triangulation net minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm is proposed. The interferogram is divided into high quality phase areas with few residues and low quality phase areas with lots of residues. Considering the irregularity of the residue distributing and the maturity of the minimum cost flow algorithm, the MCF based on Delaunay subdivision is used to unwrap the phases in the high quality components. The region growing unwrapping algorithm is used to unwrap the phases in the low quality components starting from the points in the high quality areas which has been unwrapped with MCF. The precision and the speed of the unwrapping are improved at the same time.
By using the algorithms proposed in this paper and according to the SAR data from ERS-1/2, the digital elevation model of the Kashi area is generated by using InSAR technology. According the ASAR data from ENVISAT, the difference interferogram reflecting the Earth surface deformation (caused by the earthquake happened on Dec.26, 2003) image of the Bam area in Iran is generated by using D-InSAR technology.
论文系统介绍了InSAR技术的发展历程、应用现状、几何成像原理及数据处理流程;对其中的关键处理技术包括SAR图像配准、干涉图去平地效应和去噪、干涉图相位解缠的原理和算法做了深入的讨论和分析;研究了InSAR与D-InSAR技术在地球科学中的应用,并给出了应用实例。
用于干涉测量的两幅SAR复图像必须先配准。为获取高精度的测量结果,论文提出一种包括概略配准、像素级初配准和亚像素级精配准三个环节的逐级提高精度的InSAR复图像配准方法。该方法利用EnView软件提供的经度和纬度实现概略配准;采用基于多边形结构和边缘提取的像素级初匹配方法大大提高匹配速度;考虑以往的匹配算法都是基于能量图进行并且忽略了SAR复图像的整体性,采用基于整体松弛匹配和基于相位差分的最小二乘匹配相结合的亚像素级精配准算法减少误匹配率,提高匹配精度。
配准后生成的InSAR干涉图相位信息包括地形信息和平地效应信息,为获取精确地形信息,必须去除平地效应信息。针对常规去平地效应方法中参数难以获取及精度不够高的现状,提出了基于线性插值的频谱偏移去平地效应方法,该算法在体现频移去平地效应的优势的基础上,通过插值提高频移的分辨率。实验结果表明该算法容易实现,精度也大大提高。
具有各向异性特征的InSAR干涉图中含有各种噪声,常规方法往往采用矩形滤波窗口去噪,这样做的结果是在得到滤波效果的同时模糊了相位信息,损害了干涉图的条纹信息。论文提出一种基于干涉条纹中心的InSAR干涉图滤波算法,该算法采用沿干涉条纹中心线获取的等相位线滤波窗口滤波,符合干涉图的各向异向特征;考虑到获取条纹中心线的复杂性,使用CNN(细胞神经网络)的并行算法来提高获取条纹中心线的速度;鉴于干涉相位图存在2π跳变线,最后的滤波采用正弦图(或余弦图)均值滤波算法。用该方法实现了两幅实际图像的滤波,实验结果的视觉特征良好、残差点减少、边缘保持能力增强,表明该算法具有高精度的滤波效果。
常用的相位解缠算法分为两种类型:基于路径跟踪的相位解缠方法和基于最小二乘法的相位解缠方法,这两类方法面临精确性和计算速度不能兼顾的问题。对此本文提出一种基于Delaunay三角网最小费用流算法的分区域干涉图相位解缠方法。该方法采用残差点距离原则利用残差点信息将干涉相位图分为高质量相位区域和低质量相位区域;考虑到残差点分布的不规则性和最小费用流算法的成熟性,利用基于Delaunay三角剖分的最小费用流解缠算法和区域生长解缠算法的优点,分别对InSAR干涉图相位高质量区域和低质量区域解缠,同时提高解缠的精确性和速度。
利用本论文提出的算法,根据ERS-1/2提供的SAR数据,利用InSAR技术生成了新疆喀什地区的相对数字高程图;根据ENVISAT卫星提供的ASAR数据,利用D-InSAR技术生成了反映伊朗BAM地区由2003年12月26日地震引起的地表形变的差分干涉图。
Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) is an advanced space observation technique. It is the synthesis of conventional SAR techniques and interferemetry techniques that have been developed over several decades. It relies on the processing of two SAR images of the same portion of the Earth's surface obtained either from two displaced passes of the SAR antenna at different times (repeat-pass interferometry), or from two antennas placed on the same platform and separated perpendicularly to the flight path (single-pass SAR interferometry). The 3D information of the ground and the deformation of the elevation can be extracted by according to the interference phase information of the two SAR images and the high accurate terrain information can be generated all over the world. It has the features of fine resolution mapping, working under any weather condition, imaging in daylight or at night, wide mapping range and with lots of applications. The difference InSAR(D-InSAR) is developed based on InSAR. It can monitor the tiny variation on the surface of the land and ice on the earth. It also can obtain high accurate and high credible deformation of the earth's surface. InSAR and D-InSAR can be used to study the change of the unreachable areas before such as the glacier and the ice barrier. And also this technology can explore the Earth's surface hazard deformation such as earthquake, volcano, coast, flood, minitary and so on. So it has been the studying hotspot in the satellite remote sensing field.
The development history, application actuality, geometry imaging principle and data processing procedure of InSAR are introduced. The principles and algorithms of the key technologies including registration of SAR images, the flat earth effect removal, filtering of the interferogram and phase unwrapping are deeply discussed and analyzed. The application of the InSAR and D-InSAR in the Earth science field are studied and the actual examples are provided.
The registration of the two SAR complex images used for interferometry must be performed. To obtain better measuring results, a method is proposed to improve the registration accuracy progressively for InSAR complex image. The procedure includes calculating the approximate offsets by using EnView software, pixel level's coarse match and sub-pixel level's precise co-registration. The primary matching algorithm based polygon structure and edge extraction enhances matching rate greatly. Considering that the presented algorithms are based on the altitude images and ignore the integration, the algorithm by using global relaxation matching on account of the phase is proposed in the last matching step to reduce the matching errors and improve matching precision. The experiment shows the nicer validity of this algorithm.
The phase information of the interferogram generated after registration includes terrains information and flat earth effect information. To acquire accurate terrain information, the latter must be removed. Aimed at the difficulty to get parameters and the low precision of the common methods, a high accurate algorithm to obtain a precision result based on frequency shift and linear interpolation technology was proposed in this paper. Taking full advantage of the frequency shift method, this algorithm can improve the resolution of the frequency shift through linear interpolation. The actual data shows the feasibility and validity of the algorithm in the processing.
There is multifarious noise in the interferogram with the anisotropy characteristic. The conventional methods eliminate the noise with the rectangle filtering window. Thus the phase information is confused and the fringe information maybe damaged. Aimed at the stripe's anisotropic characteristic, a method for InSAR interferogram filtering based on the center lines of interference-stripes is proposed. It first extracts the center of interference-stripes quickly by using CNN(Cellular neural networks) algorithm for it's parallel feature to process data. According to the center lines the contoured filtering window is obtained. The InSAR interference phase images have 2πjumping lines. So finally the sine or cosine filtering combined with the equal phase lines filtering window is performed which can remove the noise of the InSAR phase images while avoiding damaging the phase distributing. The filtering of two fact interference phase images is implemented with this method. The experiment results with good visual feature, little residue and strong image edges holding ability show that this method is efficient.
There are two main types of phase unwrapping algorithms: based on path tracing and based on the least square method. The two methods hardly give attention to both aspects of precision and speed. A layering phase wrapping method based on Delaunay triangulation net minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm is proposed. The interferogram is divided into high quality phase areas with few residues and low quality phase areas with lots of residues. Considering the irregularity of the residue distributing and the maturity of the minimum cost flow algorithm, the MCF based on Delaunay subdivision is used to unwrap the phases in the high quality components. The region growing unwrapping algorithm is used to unwrap the phases in the low quality components starting from the points in the high quality areas which has been unwrapped with MCF. The precision and the speed of the unwrapping are improved at the same time.
By using the algorithms proposed in this paper and according to the SAR data from ERS-1/2, the digital elevation model of the Kashi area is generated by using InSAR technology. According the ASAR data from ENVISAT, the difference interferogram reflecting the Earth surface deformation (caused by the earthquake happened on Dec.26, 2003) image of the Bam area in Iran is generated by using D-InSAR technology.
引文
[1]王超.利用航天飞机成像雷达干涉数据提取数字高程模型.遥感学报,1997,1(1):46-49
[2]A.E.Rogers and R.P.Ingalls.Venus:Mapping the surface reflectivity by radar interferometry.Science,1969,65:797-799
[3]S.H.Zisk.A new earth-based radar technique for the measurement of lunar topography.Moon,1972,4:296-300
[4]Graham L C.Synthetic Interferometer Radar for Topographic Mapping.In:Proceedings of the IEEE,1974,62(6):763-768
[5]Zebker H A,Goldstein R M.Topographic Mapping from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations.Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:4993-4999
[6]Goldstein R M,Zebker H A,Werner C L.Satellite radar interferometry:two-dimensional phase unwrapping.Radio Science,1988,23:713-720
[7]Gabriel A K,Goldstein R M.Crossed orbit interferometry:theory and experimental results from SIR-B.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1988,9(5):857-872
[8]Li Fuk K,Goldstein R M.Studies of Multibaseline Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(1):88-97
[9]单新建,马瑾,宋晓宇等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场研究张北-尚义地震震源破裂特征.中国地震,2002,18(2):119-126
[10]单新建,何玉梅,朱燕等.伽师强震群震源破裂特征的初步分析.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):416-426
[11]单新建,马瑾,柳稼航等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学D辑,2002,32(10):837-844
[12]王超,张红,刘智.苏州地区地面沉降的星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量监测.自然科学进展,2002,12(6):621-624
[13]D.L.Bickel and W.H.Hensley.Interferometric SAR phase differnce calibration:Method and results.Proceedings of IGARSS'94,Pasadena.CA.1994:2259-2262
[14]H.A.Zebker,S.N.Madsen,J.Martin,etc..The TOPSAR interferometric radar topographic mapping instrument.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens., 1992: 30(5):933-940
[15] Gray,A.L., and P.J. Farris-Manning. Repeat-pass interfrometry with airborne synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sens., 1993, 31 (1): 180-191
[16] Gray, A.L., K.E, Mattar, and P.J. Farris-Maning. Airborne SAR interferometry for terrain elevation, Proceedings of IGARSS'92, Houston. Texas,1992:1589-1591
[17] Gray,A.L., M.W.A. vander Kooij,K.E.Mattar, and P.J. Farris-Manning. Progress in the development of the CCRS along-track interferometer. Proceedings of IGARSS'94, Pasadena.CA, 1994: 2285-2287
[18] R.Scheiber, A.Reigber. and et al. Overview of interferometric data acquisition and processing models of the experimental airborne SAR system of DLR. Proceedings of IGARSS'99, 1999: 35-37
[19] P.F. Nikolaus and H.M.Erich. First Results with airborne single-pass DO-SAR interferometer. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1995, 33(5): 1230-1237
[20] S.N.Madsen,N.Skou,J.Granholm etc.. A system for airborne SAR interferometry, Int.J.Elect.Commum, 1996, 50 (2): 106-111
[21] A.K. Gabriel, R.M.Goldstein, H.A.Zebker. Mapping small elevation changes over large areas:Differential radar interferometry. J.Geophys.Res,1989, 94: 9183-9191
[22] C.C.Schmullius,D.L.Evans.Synthetic aperture(SAR) frequency and polarization equirements for applications in ecology,geology.hydrology and oceanography:atabular status quo after SIR-C/X-SAR,Int.J.Remote Sensing.,1997, 18: 2713-2722
[23] R.N.Treuhaft,S.N.Madsen,M.Moghaddam,etc. Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric data.Radio Sci, 1996, 31: 1449-1495
[24] S.R.Cloude,K.P.Papathanassiou.Coherence optimization in polarimetric SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGRASS'97, 1997: 1932-1934
[25] S.R.Cloude,K.P.Papathanassiou.Polarimetric SAR interferometry.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing., 1998, 36(5): 1551-1565
[26] K.P.Papathanassiou,S.R.Cloude. Polarimetric effects in repeat-pass SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGRASS'97, 1997: 1926-1928
[27] K.P.Papathanassiou,S.R.Cloude.Phase decomposition in polarimetric SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGARSS'98, 1998: 2184-2186
[28] 王超, 张红, 刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量. 北京:科学出版社, 2002
[29]Rodriguez E,Martin J M.Theory and design of interferometric synthetic aperture radars.IEEE Proceedings of Radar and Signal Processing,1992,139(2):147-159
[30]Zebker H A,Rosen P.On the derivation of coseismic displacement field using differential radar interferometry:the landers earthquake.Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(B10):19617-19634
[31]David M.Tralli,Ronald G.Blom,Victor Zlotnicki.Satellite remote sensing of earthquake,volcano,flood,landslide and coastal inundation hazards.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,2005(59):185-198
[32]Moreira J,Schwabisch M,Fornaro G,et al.X-SAR interferometry:first results.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1995,33(4):950-956
[33]Schwbisch M,Geudtner D.Improvement of phase and coherence map quality using azimuth prefiltering:Examples from ERS-1 and X-SAR.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995:205-207
[34]Pritt M D.Phase unwrapping by means of multigrid techniques for interferometric SAR.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1996,34(3):728-738
[35]Fornaro G,Franceschetti G,Lanari R.Two dimensional phase unwrapping based on the Laplace and Eikonal equations.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995,3(3):1828-1830
[36]程晓,范湘涛,王长林等.基于JERS-1雷达干涉测量的格罗夫山冰盖信息提取.极地研究,2005,17(2):99-106
[37]Lado W.Keyi.Estimation of rock glacier surface deformation using SAR interferometry data.IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,2003,41(6):1512-1515
[38]Reginald R.Muskett,Graig S.Lingle,Jeanne M.Sauber etc..Acceleration of surface lowering on the tidewater glaciers of Icy Bay,Alaska,U.S.A.from InSAR DEMs and ICESat altimetry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,265:345-359
[39]陈义兰,周兴华,刘忠臣.应用InSAR进行黄河三角洲地面沉降监测研究.海洋测绘,2006,26(2):16-19
[40]Mong-Han Huang,Jyr-Ching Hu,Kuo-En Ching,etc..Active deformation of Tainan tableland of southwestern Taiwan based on geodetic measurements and SAR interferometry.Tectonophysics.TECTO-124003,2007:1-13
[41]Li Tao,Liu Jingnan,Liao Mingsheng,etc.Monitoring city subsidence by D-InSAR in Tianjin area.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004(5): 3333-3336
[42] Zhang Shiyu; Li Tao; Liu Jingnan;etc.Urban subsidence observed by InSAR in Tianjin Region.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007. IEEE International, 2007: 2078-2081
[43] ERS differential SAR interferometry for urban subsidence monitoring of Suzhou, Eastern China
[44] Wang Chao; Zhang Hong; Liu Zhi;etc. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS '01. IEEE 2001 International, 2001(7): :3249 - 3251
[45] Daniel Raucoules,Christophe Maisons,Claudie Camer,etc.Monitoring of slow ground deformation by ERS radar interferometry on the Vauvert salt mine (France) Comparison with ground-based measurement.Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003(88): 468-478
[46] Wegmuller, U.; Strozzi, T.; Werner, C.etc.;Monitoring of mining-induced surface deformation in the Ruhrgebiet (Germany) with SAR interferometry.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2000. Proceedings. IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International, 2000(6): 2771 - 2773
[47] Crosetto, M.; Crippa, B.; Barzaghi, R.; Quantitative subsidence monitoring using SAR interferometry. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2002. IGARSS '02. 2002 IEEE International , 2002(2): 1231-1233
[48] Casagli, N.; Farina, P.; Leva, D.;etc. Monitoring the Tessina landslide by a ground-based SAR interferometer and assessment of the system accuracy. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2002. IGARSS '02. 2002 IEEE International , 2002(5): 2915-2917
[49] H.Rott; T.Nagler. The contribution of radar interferometry to the assessment of landslide hazards. Advances in Space Research, 2006(37): 710-719
[50] M.Peyret;Y.Djamour;M.Rizza;etc.Monitoring of the large slow Kahrod landslide in Alborz mountain range(Iran)by GPS and SAR interferometry. Engineering Geology, 2008(100): 131-141
[51] Marian Anghel. On the effective dimension and synamic complexity of earthquake faults. Chaos,Solitons and Fractals, 2004(19): 399-420
[52] Gareth J.Funning, Richard M.D.Barke, Simon H.Lamb,etc..The 1998 Aiquile,Bolivia earthquake:A seismically active fault revealed with InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005(232): 39-49
[53] Hua Wang, Caijun Xu, Linlin. Coseismic deformation and slip distribution of the 1997 M_w 7.5 Manyi,Tibet,earthquake from InSAR measurements. Journal of Geodynamics,2007(44)200-212
[54]G.X.Liu,X.L.Ding,Z.L.Li,etc..Pre-and co-seismic ground deformations of the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake,mearsured with SAR interferometry.Computers & Geosciences,2004(30):333-343
[55]Rikke Pedersen,Freysteinn Sigmundsson,Kurt L.Feigl,etc..Fault slip distribution of two June 2000 M_w6.5 earthquake in South Iceland estimated from joint inversion of InSAR and GPS measurements.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003(213):487-502
[56]SHAN xin-jian,LIU Jia-hang,MA Chao.Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with M_s=8.1 western Kunlunshan pass earthquake in 2001.ACTA SEISMOLOGICA SINICA,2004,17(5):526-533
[57]S.Stramondo,M.Moro,C.Tolomei,etc..InSAR surface displacement field and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam earthquake(southeastern Iran).Journal of Geodynamics,2005(40):347-353
[58]Jose Fernandez,Rosana Romero,Daiel Carrasco,etc..InSAR volcano and seismic monitoring in Spain.Results for the period 1992-2000 and possible interpretations.Optics and asers in Engineering,2002(37):285-297
[59]崔笃信,王庆良,李克等.长白山天池火山近期形变场演化过程分析.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1731-1739
[60]Massonnet D,Briole P,Arnaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by space-borne radar interferometry.Nature,1995(375):5672570
[61]Froger J L,Merle O,Briole P.Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001(187):245-258
[62]Zhong Lu,Charles Wicks,Daniel Dzurisin,et al.A seismic inflation of Westdahl volcano,Alaska,revealed by satellite radar interferometry.Geophysical Reasearch Letters,2000,27(11):1567-1570
[63]曹忠权,谢平,金花.星载合成孔径雷达遥感技术的地学应用.地球物理学报,2004,19(2):291-295
[64]Ainsworth T L.InSAR Imagery of surface currents,wave fields,and fronts.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1995,33(5):1117-1119
[65]Papathanassion,K.P.;Cloude,S.R.;Reiber,A.;et al..Multi-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry for vegetation parameters estimation.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2000.Proceedings.IGARSS 2000.IEEE 2000International,24-28 July 2000,6:2762-2764
[66]Josef Kellndorfer,Wayne Walker,Leland Pierce,et al..Retrieving crop parameters based on tandem ERS 12 interferometric coherence images.Remoter Sensing of Environment,2004(93):339-358
[67]Engdahl,M.E.;Borgeaud,M.;Rast,M..The use of ERS-12 Tandem interferometric coherence in the estimation of agricultural crop heights.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,IEEE Transactions on,Aug.2001,39:1799-1806
[68]T.S.trozzi,P.B.G.Dammert,U.Wegmuller,et al..Landuse mapping with ERS SAR interferimetry.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2000,38(2):766-775
[69]Stussi,N.;Soo Chin Liew;Leong Keong Kwoh;et al..Landcover classification using ERS SAR/INSAR data over tropical areas.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,IGARSS'97.'Remote Sensing-A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development'.,1997 IEEE International,3-8 Aug.1997,2(8):813-815
[70]Shadi Oveisgharan,Student Member.Estimating Snow Accumulation From InSAR Correlation Observations.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007,45(1):10-20
[71]江利民,廖民生,林珲等.利用雷达干涉数据进行城市不透水层百分比估算.遥感学报,2008,12(1):176-185
[72]庞勇,李增元,陈尔学等.干涉雷达技术用于林分高估测.遥感学报,2003,7(1):8-13
[73]H.Balzter,C.S.Rowland,P.Saich.Forest canopy height and carbon estimation at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve,UK,using dual-wavelength SAR interferometry.Remote Sensing of Environment,2007(108):224-239
[74]Brown,C.G.;Sarabandi,K.Model-based estimation of forest canopy parameters using polarimetric and interferometric SAR.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2001.IGARSS '01.IEEE 2001 International,2001(1):357-359vol.1
[75]Leong Keong Kwoh;Soo Chin Liew;Padmanabhan,K.Tropical forest fire scar studies using multi-temporal ERS 12 INSAR data.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings,1998.IGARSS '98.1998 IEEE International,Volume:3,6-10 July 1998,vol.3:1611-1613
[76]D.E.F.Alsdor,L.C.Smith,J.M.Melack.Amazon floodplain water level changes measured with interferometric SIR-C radar.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2001,39(2):423-431
[77]Dukjin Kim;Moon,W.M.Investigation of ocean waves and currents with PacRim along-track interferometry(ATI).Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2001.IGARSS '01.IEEE 2001 International,Volume:3,9-13 July 2001,vol.3:1415-1417
[78]S.Dellepiane,R.De Laurentiis,F.Giordano.Coastline extraction from SAR images and a method for the evaluationof the coastline precision.Pattern Recognition Letters,2004,25(13):1461-1470
[79]J.Schulz-stellenfleth,S.Lehner.Ocean wave imaging using an airborne single pass cross track interferometric SAR.IEEE Transac.Geosci Remote Sens.,2001,39(1):38-44
[80]J.Schulz-stellenfleth,J.Horstmann,S.Lehner,et al..Sea surface imaging with an across-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar:The SINEWAVE experiment.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2001,39(9):2017-2028
[81]李道京,汤立波,吴一戎等.顺轨双天线机载InSAR的地面运动目标检测研究.电子与信息学报,2006,28(6):961-964
[82]李景文,李春升,周荫清.三孔径InSAR动目标检测和成像.电子学报,1999,27(6):373-376
[83]Paul A.Rosen,Scott Hensley,Ian R.Joughin,et al..Synthetic apwrture radar interferometry.Proceedings of the IEEE,2000,88(3):333-382
[84]Goldstein R M,Zebker H A.Interferometric radar measurement of ocean surface currents.Nature,1987,328:707-709
[85]汪鲁才.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量成像技术研究.湖南大学博士论文,2006.
[86]P.A.Rosen,S.Hensley,et al..Syntehtic aperture radar interferometry.IEEE Proceedings,2000,vol.88:333-382
[87]常占强,宫辉力,张景发等.D-InSAR与PS-InSAR的理论模型、技术特点及应用领域.河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(1):113-116
[88]Just D,Bamler R.Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar.Applied Optics,1994,33(20):4361-4368
[89]Lim I,Yeo T S,Ng C S,et al.Phase Noise Filter for Interferometric SAR.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings (IGRASS) 97,1997:445-447
[90]Ghiglia D C,Pritt M D.Two-dimensional phase unwrapping:theory,algorithm,and software.New York:John Wiley&Sons.Inc,1998
[91]Just D,Bamler R.Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar.Applied Optics,1994,33(20):4361-4368
[92]Zebker H A,Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):950-959
[93]Seymour M,Cumming I.InSAR terrain height estimation using low-quality sparse DEMs,Ph.D.dissertation,1998
[94]Mrstik V,Jr G V,Cardillo G,et al..Terrain height measurement accuracy of interferometric synthetic aperture radars.IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and rernote sensing,1996,34(1):219-228
[95]徐华评,周荫清,李春生.星载干涉SAR中的基线问题.电子学报,2003,31(3):437-439
[96]Solaas G A.ERS-1 interferometric baseline algorithm verification.Earthnet online,EAS.1995
[97]Small D.,Werner C.,Nuesch D.Baseline modeling for ERS-1 SAR interferometry IEEE Proc.of IGRASS'93,1993:1204-1206
[98]Small D.Generation of digital elevation models through spaceborine SAR interferometry.Ph.D.dissertation,Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of Geography University of Zurich,1998:1-150
[99]廖静娟,郭华东,邵芸等.干涉条纹图估测基线的方法研究.高技术通信,2002,(8)5-7
[100]Reigber Ch,Xia Y,Kaufnann H,et al.Impact of precise orbits on SAR interferometry.In:ESA eds Proc ESA Fringe Workshop on Applications of ERS SAR Interferometry,ESA SP-406.Zurich,Switzerland,1996:223-232
[101]Curlander J C.Locationof spaceborne SAR imagery.IEEE Trans Geosci and Remote Sensing,1982,20(3):359-364
[102]Leong Keong Kwoh,Ee Chien Changh,Wang Cheng Alice Heng.DTM generation from 35-day repeat pass ERS-1 interferometry,IGRSS'94
[103]Prati C,Rocca F.Limits to the resolution of elevation maps from stereo SAR images.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1990,(11):2215-2235
[104]Qian Lin,John F.Vesecky,Howard A.Zebker.New approaches in interferometric SAR data processing.IEEE Trans.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(3):560-567
[105]刘宝泉、冯大政,武楠等.基于点特征的干涉合成孔径雷达复图像自动配准算法.航空学报,2007,28(1):161-166
[106]曾琪明,解学通.基于谱运算的复相关函数法在干涉复图像配准中的应用.测绘学报,2004,33(2):127-131
[107]齐海宁,洪峻.一种结合最优相干运算的极化干涉SAR相干配准方法.遥感技术与应用,2004,19(6):512-516
[108]王耀南,李树涛,毛建旭.计算机图像处理与识别技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[109]Rafael C.Gonzalez.Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005
[110]Mingsheng Liao;Li Zhang;Zuxon Zhang;Jiangqing Zhang.An automatic matching strategy for INSAR data.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,1999.IGARSS'99 Proceedings.IEEE 1999 International,1999,1:488-490
[111]舒宁.雷达影像干涉测量原理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[112]任坤,Veronique Prinet,是湘全.基于地理定位的星载InSAR去平地效应方法.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,28(3):326-329
[113]杨磊,赵拥军,王志刚.基于频移的干涉SAR去平地效应方法研究.电子测量与仪器学报,2004,18(4):15-20
[114]任坤.基于星载合成孔径雷达干涉技术的数字高程模型生成研究.南京理工大学研究生院博士论文,2004.
[115]J.Xu,An adaptive range filter in synthetic aperture sonar interferometry,China-Japan Joint Conference on Acoustics,2002.11
[116]Lee Jong Sen.Intensity and phase statistics of multilook polarimetric and Interferometric imagery.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(9):1017-1028
[117]穆冬,朱兆达,张焕春.干涉SAR相位条纹的鲁棒加权圆周期滤波.数据采集与处理,2001,16(3):299-303
[118]Candelas A L B,Mura J C,Dutra LV,et al.Interferogram phase noise reduction using morphological and modified median filters.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995:166-168
[119]Giancarlo B.A locally adaptive approach for interferometric phase noise reduction.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)99,1999:264-266
[120]Lee J S,Papaihanassiou K P,Ainsworth T L,et al.A New Technique for Noise Filtering of SAR Interferometric Phase Images.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1998,36(5):1456-1465
[121]岳焕印,郭华东,范典等.基于静态小波分解的SAR干涉图滤波.高技术通讯,2002(5):5-9.
[122]汪鲁才,王耀南,毛六平.基于小波变换和中值滤波的InSAR干涉衅像滤波方法.测绘学报,2005,34(2):109-113
[123]何儒云,王耀南.一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波方法.测绘学报,2005,35(2):128-132
[124]廖明生,林珲,雷达干涉测量.北京:测绘出版社,2003
[125]Eichel P H,Ghiglia D C.Spotlight SAR Interferometry for Terrain Elevation Mapping and Interferometric Change Detection.Sandia National Labs Tech.Report(SAND)93,1993:2539-2546
[126]Lanari R,Fornaro G,Riccio D,et al.Generation of digital elevation modelsby using SIR-C/X-SAR multifrequency Two-Pass Interferometry:The Etna Case Study.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1996,34(5):1097-1114
[127]Trouve E,Nicolas J,Maitre H.Improving phase unwrapping techniques by the use of local frequency estimates.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,1998,36(6):1963-1972
[128]Nan Wu,Da-Zheng Feng,JunXia Li.A locally adaptive filter of interferometric phase images.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2006,3(1):73-77
[129]Qifeng Yu,Xia Yang,Sihua Fu,et al..An adaptive contoured window filter for interferometric synthetic aperture radar.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2007,4(1):23-26
[130]Goldstein R M,Werner C L.Radar interferomgram filtering for geophysical applications.Geophys Res Lett,1998,25(21):4035-4038
[131]朱岱寅,朱兆达,谢求成.一种基于局部频率估计的地形自适应干涉图滤波器.电子学报,2002,30(2):1853-1856
[132]刘国林,独知行,薛怀平等.卡尔曼滤波在InSAR噪声消除与相位解缠中的应用.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2):67-71
[133]靳国旺,徐青,张燕等.InSAR干涉图的零中频矢量滤波算法.测绘学报,2006,35(1):24-29
[134]黄倩,麻丽香,张冰尘等.干涉相位图的各向异性扩散方程滤波算法.电子与信息学报,2006,28(11):1998-2002
[135]于起峰,伏思华.基于条纹方向和条纹等值线的ESPI与InSAR干涉条纹图处理方法.北京:科学出版社,2007
[136]王怀颖,于盛林,冯强.一种用细胞神经网络提取干涉条纹中心的新方法.计量学报,2006:27(2):117-120
[137]王耀南.计算智能信息处理及其应用.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1999
[138]Aebischer H A,Waldner S.A simple and effective method for filtering speckle interferometric phase fringe patterns[J].Optics Communications, 1999,162:205-210
[139] Q.Lin,J.F.Vesecky,H.A.Zebker. 1994.Phase unwrapping through fringe-line detection in synthetic aperture radar interferometry.Applied Optics,33(2):201-208
[140] J.A.Quiroga,E.Bernabeu. 1994.Phase-unwrapping algorithm for noisy phase-map processing.Applied Optics,33(29):6725-6731
[141] P.G. Charett,I.W.Hunter. 1996.Robust phase-unwrapping method for phase images with high noise content. Applied optics,35(19):3506-3513
[142] Gordon W. Davidson,Richard Bamler. 1999.Multiresolution phase unwrapping for SAR interferometry.IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sens.,37(l):163-174
[143] Dias, J.M.B., Leitao, J.M.N.InSAR phase unwrapping: a Bayesian approach.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS '01. IEEE 2001 International , 9-13 July 2001,vol. 1:396 - 400
[144] 赵争,张继贤,张过.遗传算法在 InSAR相位解缠中的应用.测绘科学, 2002,27 (3): 37-40
[145] Qiming Zeng, Jian Jiao, Hua Zhang.A novel hybrid method to unwrapping interferometric phase.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004.IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International, Volume 4, 20-24 Sept.2004,vol.4: 2632 - 2635
[146] G.F.Carballo,P.W.Fieguth.Hierarchical network flow phase unwrapping.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(8): 1695-1708
[147] P Bioucas-Dias, J.M., Valadao, G..Phase Unwrapping via Graph Cuts. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(3): 698 - 709
[148] D.J.Bone.1991.Fourier fringe analysis:The Two-dimensional phase unwrapping problem.Applied Optics,30(25):3627-3632
[149] J.A.Quiroga and E.Bernabeu. 1994.Phase-unwrapping algorithm for noisy phase-map processing.Applied Optics,33(29):6725-6731
[150] J.A. Wuiroga,A.Gonzalez-Cano,E.Bernaber. 1995.Phase-unwrappingalgorithm based on an adaptive criterion,Applied Optics,34(14):2560-2563
[151] C.Prati,M.Giani,N.Leuratti.l990.SAR interferometry:A 2-D phase unwrapping technique based on phase and absolute values information.Proceedings of the 1990 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.IEEE.Piscataway,2043-2046
[152] D.Derauw.Phase unwrappingusing coherence measurements. 1995.Syntehtic Aperture Radar and Passive Microwave Sensing,Proceedings of the SPIE.Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.Bellingham.WA,2584:319-324
[153]T.J.Flynn.1966.Consistent 2-D phase unwrapping guided by a quality map.Proceedings of the 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Lincoln.Nebraska.IEEE.Piscataway,2057-2059
[154]Pritt M D,Shipman J S.Least-squares two-dimensional phase unwrapping using FFT's.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(3):706-708
[155]M.Costantini.1996.A phase unwrapping method based on network programming.Proc.Fringe'96 Workshop ERS SAR interferometry.Zurich,院Switzerland.
[156]Frederick S.Hillier.运筹学导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.6
[157]吴立新,史文中.地理信息系统原理与算法.北京:科学出版社,2003,10
[158]夏耶.巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量.地震学报,2005,27(4):423-430
[2]A.E.Rogers and R.P.Ingalls.Venus:Mapping the surface reflectivity by radar interferometry.Science,1969,65:797-799
[3]S.H.Zisk.A new earth-based radar technique for the measurement of lunar topography.Moon,1972,4:296-300
[4]Graham L C.Synthetic Interferometer Radar for Topographic Mapping.In:Proceedings of the IEEE,1974,62(6):763-768
[5]Zebker H A,Goldstein R M.Topographic Mapping from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations.Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:4993-4999
[6]Goldstein R M,Zebker H A,Werner C L.Satellite radar interferometry:two-dimensional phase unwrapping.Radio Science,1988,23:713-720
[7]Gabriel A K,Goldstein R M.Crossed orbit interferometry:theory and experimental results from SIR-B.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1988,9(5):857-872
[8]Li Fuk K,Goldstein R M.Studies of Multibaseline Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(1):88-97
[9]单新建,马瑾,宋晓宇等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场研究张北-尚义地震震源破裂特征.中国地震,2002,18(2):119-126
[10]单新建,何玉梅,朱燕等.伽师强震群震源破裂特征的初步分析.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):416-426
[11]单新建,马瑾,柳稼航等.利用星载D-INSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学D辑,2002,32(10):837-844
[12]王超,张红,刘智.苏州地区地面沉降的星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量监测.自然科学进展,2002,12(6):621-624
[13]D.L.Bickel and W.H.Hensley.Interferometric SAR phase differnce calibration:Method and results.Proceedings of IGARSS'94,Pasadena.CA.1994:2259-2262
[14]H.A.Zebker,S.N.Madsen,J.Martin,etc..The TOPSAR interferometric radar topographic mapping instrument.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens., 1992: 30(5):933-940
[15] Gray,A.L., and P.J. Farris-Manning. Repeat-pass interfrometry with airborne synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sens., 1993, 31 (1): 180-191
[16] Gray, A.L., K.E, Mattar, and P.J. Farris-Maning. Airborne SAR interferometry for terrain elevation, Proceedings of IGARSS'92, Houston. Texas,1992:1589-1591
[17] Gray,A.L., M.W.A. vander Kooij,K.E.Mattar, and P.J. Farris-Manning. Progress in the development of the CCRS along-track interferometer. Proceedings of IGARSS'94, Pasadena.CA, 1994: 2285-2287
[18] R.Scheiber, A.Reigber. and et al. Overview of interferometric data acquisition and processing models of the experimental airborne SAR system of DLR. Proceedings of IGARSS'99, 1999: 35-37
[19] P.F. Nikolaus and H.M.Erich. First Results with airborne single-pass DO-SAR interferometer. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1995, 33(5): 1230-1237
[20] S.N.Madsen,N.Skou,J.Granholm etc.. A system for airborne SAR interferometry, Int.J.Elect.Commum, 1996, 50 (2): 106-111
[21] A.K. Gabriel, R.M.Goldstein, H.A.Zebker. Mapping small elevation changes over large areas:Differential radar interferometry. J.Geophys.Res,1989, 94: 9183-9191
[22] C.C.Schmullius,D.L.Evans.Synthetic aperture(SAR) frequency and polarization equirements for applications in ecology,geology.hydrology and oceanography:atabular status quo after SIR-C/X-SAR,Int.J.Remote Sensing.,1997, 18: 2713-2722
[23] R.N.Treuhaft,S.N.Madsen,M.Moghaddam,etc. Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric data.Radio Sci, 1996, 31: 1449-1495
[24] S.R.Cloude,K.P.Papathanassiou.Coherence optimization in polarimetric SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGRASS'97, 1997: 1932-1934
[25] S.R.Cloude,K.P.Papathanassiou.Polarimetric SAR interferometry.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing., 1998, 36(5): 1551-1565
[26] K.P.Papathanassiou,S.R.Cloude. Polarimetric effects in repeat-pass SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGRASS'97, 1997: 1926-1928
[27] K.P.Papathanassiou,S.R.Cloude.Phase decomposition in polarimetric SAR interferometry.Proceedings of IGARSS'98, 1998: 2184-2186
[28] 王超, 张红, 刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量. 北京:科学出版社, 2002
[29]Rodriguez E,Martin J M.Theory and design of interferometric synthetic aperture radars.IEEE Proceedings of Radar and Signal Processing,1992,139(2):147-159
[30]Zebker H A,Rosen P.On the derivation of coseismic displacement field using differential radar interferometry:the landers earthquake.Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(B10):19617-19634
[31]David M.Tralli,Ronald G.Blom,Victor Zlotnicki.Satellite remote sensing of earthquake,volcano,flood,landslide and coastal inundation hazards.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,2005(59):185-198
[32]Moreira J,Schwabisch M,Fornaro G,et al.X-SAR interferometry:first results.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1995,33(4):950-956
[33]Schwbisch M,Geudtner D.Improvement of phase and coherence map quality using azimuth prefiltering:Examples from ERS-1 and X-SAR.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995:205-207
[34]Pritt M D.Phase unwrapping by means of multigrid techniques for interferometric SAR.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1996,34(3):728-738
[35]Fornaro G,Franceschetti G,Lanari R.Two dimensional phase unwrapping based on the Laplace and Eikonal equations.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995,3(3):1828-1830
[36]程晓,范湘涛,王长林等.基于JERS-1雷达干涉测量的格罗夫山冰盖信息提取.极地研究,2005,17(2):99-106
[37]Lado W.Keyi.Estimation of rock glacier surface deformation using SAR interferometry data.IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,2003,41(6):1512-1515
[38]Reginald R.Muskett,Graig S.Lingle,Jeanne M.Sauber etc..Acceleration of surface lowering on the tidewater glaciers of Icy Bay,Alaska,U.S.A.from InSAR DEMs and ICESat altimetry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,265:345-359
[39]陈义兰,周兴华,刘忠臣.应用InSAR进行黄河三角洲地面沉降监测研究.海洋测绘,2006,26(2):16-19
[40]Mong-Han Huang,Jyr-Ching Hu,Kuo-En Ching,etc..Active deformation of Tainan tableland of southwestern Taiwan based on geodetic measurements and SAR interferometry.Tectonophysics.TECTO-124003,2007:1-13
[41]Li Tao,Liu Jingnan,Liao Mingsheng,etc.Monitoring city subsidence by D-InSAR in Tianjin area.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004(5): 3333-3336
[42] Zhang Shiyu; Li Tao; Liu Jingnan;etc.Urban subsidence observed by InSAR in Tianjin Region.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007. IEEE International, 2007: 2078-2081
[43] ERS differential SAR interferometry for urban subsidence monitoring of Suzhou, Eastern China
[44] Wang Chao; Zhang Hong; Liu Zhi;etc. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS '01. IEEE 2001 International, 2001(7): :3249 - 3251
[45] Daniel Raucoules,Christophe Maisons,Claudie Camer,etc.Monitoring of slow ground deformation by ERS radar interferometry on the Vauvert salt mine (France) Comparison with ground-based measurement.Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003(88): 468-478
[46] Wegmuller, U.; Strozzi, T.; Werner, C.etc.;Monitoring of mining-induced surface deformation in the Ruhrgebiet (Germany) with SAR interferometry.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2000. Proceedings. IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International, 2000(6): 2771 - 2773
[47] Crosetto, M.; Crippa, B.; Barzaghi, R.; Quantitative subsidence monitoring using SAR interferometry. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2002. IGARSS '02. 2002 IEEE International , 2002(2): 1231-1233
[48] Casagli, N.; Farina, P.; Leva, D.;etc. Monitoring the Tessina landslide by a ground-based SAR interferometer and assessment of the system accuracy. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2002. IGARSS '02. 2002 IEEE International , 2002(5): 2915-2917
[49] H.Rott; T.Nagler. The contribution of radar interferometry to the assessment of landslide hazards. Advances in Space Research, 2006(37): 710-719
[50] M.Peyret;Y.Djamour;M.Rizza;etc.Monitoring of the large slow Kahrod landslide in Alborz mountain range(Iran)by GPS and SAR interferometry. Engineering Geology, 2008(100): 131-141
[51] Marian Anghel. On the effective dimension and synamic complexity of earthquake faults. Chaos,Solitons and Fractals, 2004(19): 399-420
[52] Gareth J.Funning, Richard M.D.Barke, Simon H.Lamb,etc..The 1998 Aiquile,Bolivia earthquake:A seismically active fault revealed with InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005(232): 39-49
[53] Hua Wang, Caijun Xu, Linlin. Coseismic deformation and slip distribution of the 1997 M_w 7.5 Manyi,Tibet,earthquake from InSAR measurements. Journal of Geodynamics,2007(44)200-212
[54]G.X.Liu,X.L.Ding,Z.L.Li,etc..Pre-and co-seismic ground deformations of the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake,mearsured with SAR interferometry.Computers & Geosciences,2004(30):333-343
[55]Rikke Pedersen,Freysteinn Sigmundsson,Kurt L.Feigl,etc..Fault slip distribution of two June 2000 M_w6.5 earthquake in South Iceland estimated from joint inversion of InSAR and GPS measurements.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003(213):487-502
[56]SHAN xin-jian,LIU Jia-hang,MA Chao.Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with M_s=8.1 western Kunlunshan pass earthquake in 2001.ACTA SEISMOLOGICA SINICA,2004,17(5):526-533
[57]S.Stramondo,M.Moro,C.Tolomei,etc..InSAR surface displacement field and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam earthquake(southeastern Iran).Journal of Geodynamics,2005(40):347-353
[58]Jose Fernandez,Rosana Romero,Daiel Carrasco,etc..InSAR volcano and seismic monitoring in Spain.Results for the period 1992-2000 and possible interpretations.Optics and asers in Engineering,2002(37):285-297
[59]崔笃信,王庆良,李克等.长白山天池火山近期形变场演化过程分析.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1731-1739
[60]Massonnet D,Briole P,Arnaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by space-borne radar interferometry.Nature,1995(375):5672570
[61]Froger J L,Merle O,Briole P.Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001(187):245-258
[62]Zhong Lu,Charles Wicks,Daniel Dzurisin,et al.A seismic inflation of Westdahl volcano,Alaska,revealed by satellite radar interferometry.Geophysical Reasearch Letters,2000,27(11):1567-1570
[63]曹忠权,谢平,金花.星载合成孔径雷达遥感技术的地学应用.地球物理学报,2004,19(2):291-295
[64]Ainsworth T L.InSAR Imagery of surface currents,wave fields,and fronts.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1995,33(5):1117-1119
[65]Papathanassion,K.P.;Cloude,S.R.;Reiber,A.;et al..Multi-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry for vegetation parameters estimation.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2000.Proceedings.IGARSS 2000.IEEE 2000International,24-28 July 2000,6:2762-2764
[66]Josef Kellndorfer,Wayne Walker,Leland Pierce,et al..Retrieving crop parameters based on tandem ERS 12 interferometric coherence images.Remoter Sensing of Environment,2004(93):339-358
[67]Engdahl,M.E.;Borgeaud,M.;Rast,M..The use of ERS-12 Tandem interferometric coherence in the estimation of agricultural crop heights.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,IEEE Transactions on,Aug.2001,39:1799-1806
[68]T.S.trozzi,P.B.G.Dammert,U.Wegmuller,et al..Landuse mapping with ERS SAR interferimetry.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2000,38(2):766-775
[69]Stussi,N.;Soo Chin Liew;Leong Keong Kwoh;et al..Landcover classification using ERS SAR/INSAR data over tropical areas.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,IGARSS'97.'Remote Sensing-A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development'.,1997 IEEE International,3-8 Aug.1997,2(8):813-815
[70]Shadi Oveisgharan,Student Member.Estimating Snow Accumulation From InSAR Correlation Observations.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007,45(1):10-20
[71]江利民,廖民生,林珲等.利用雷达干涉数据进行城市不透水层百分比估算.遥感学报,2008,12(1):176-185
[72]庞勇,李增元,陈尔学等.干涉雷达技术用于林分高估测.遥感学报,2003,7(1):8-13
[73]H.Balzter,C.S.Rowland,P.Saich.Forest canopy height and carbon estimation at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve,UK,using dual-wavelength SAR interferometry.Remote Sensing of Environment,2007(108):224-239
[74]Brown,C.G.;Sarabandi,K.Model-based estimation of forest canopy parameters using polarimetric and interferometric SAR.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2001.IGARSS '01.IEEE 2001 International,2001(1):357-359vol.1
[75]Leong Keong Kwoh;Soo Chin Liew;Padmanabhan,K.Tropical forest fire scar studies using multi-temporal ERS 12 INSAR data.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings,1998.IGARSS '98.1998 IEEE International,Volume:3,6-10 July 1998,vol.3:1611-1613
[76]D.E.F.Alsdor,L.C.Smith,J.M.Melack.Amazon floodplain water level changes measured with interferometric SIR-C radar.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2001,39(2):423-431
[77]Dukjin Kim;Moon,W.M.Investigation of ocean waves and currents with PacRim along-track interferometry(ATI).Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2001.IGARSS '01.IEEE 2001 International,Volume:3,9-13 July 2001,vol.3:1415-1417
[78]S.Dellepiane,R.De Laurentiis,F.Giordano.Coastline extraction from SAR images and a method for the evaluationof the coastline precision.Pattern Recognition Letters,2004,25(13):1461-1470
[79]J.Schulz-stellenfleth,S.Lehner.Ocean wave imaging using an airborne single pass cross track interferometric SAR.IEEE Transac.Geosci Remote Sens.,2001,39(1):38-44
[80]J.Schulz-stellenfleth,J.Horstmann,S.Lehner,et al..Sea surface imaging with an across-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar:The SINEWAVE experiment.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,2001,39(9):2017-2028
[81]李道京,汤立波,吴一戎等.顺轨双天线机载InSAR的地面运动目标检测研究.电子与信息学报,2006,28(6):961-964
[82]李景文,李春升,周荫清.三孔径InSAR动目标检测和成像.电子学报,1999,27(6):373-376
[83]Paul A.Rosen,Scott Hensley,Ian R.Joughin,et al..Synthetic apwrture radar interferometry.Proceedings of the IEEE,2000,88(3):333-382
[84]Goldstein R M,Zebker H A.Interferometric radar measurement of ocean surface currents.Nature,1987,328:707-709
[85]汪鲁才.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量成像技术研究.湖南大学博士论文,2006.
[86]P.A.Rosen,S.Hensley,et al..Syntehtic aperture radar interferometry.IEEE Proceedings,2000,vol.88:333-382
[87]常占强,宫辉力,张景发等.D-InSAR与PS-InSAR的理论模型、技术特点及应用领域.河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(1):113-116
[88]Just D,Bamler R.Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar.Applied Optics,1994,33(20):4361-4368
[89]Lim I,Yeo T S,Ng C S,et al.Phase Noise Filter for Interferometric SAR.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings (IGRASS) 97,1997:445-447
[90]Ghiglia D C,Pritt M D.Two-dimensional phase unwrapping:theory,algorithm,and software.New York:John Wiley&Sons.Inc,1998
[91]Just D,Bamler R.Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar.Applied Optics,1994,33(20):4361-4368
[92]Zebker H A,Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):950-959
[93]Seymour M,Cumming I.InSAR terrain height estimation using low-quality sparse DEMs,Ph.D.dissertation,1998
[94]Mrstik V,Jr G V,Cardillo G,et al..Terrain height measurement accuracy of interferometric synthetic aperture radars.IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and rernote sensing,1996,34(1):219-228
[95]徐华评,周荫清,李春生.星载干涉SAR中的基线问题.电子学报,2003,31(3):437-439
[96]Solaas G A.ERS-1 interferometric baseline algorithm verification.Earthnet online,EAS.1995
[97]Small D.,Werner C.,Nuesch D.Baseline modeling for ERS-1 SAR interferometry IEEE Proc.of IGRASS'93,1993:1204-1206
[98]Small D.Generation of digital elevation models through spaceborine SAR interferometry.Ph.D.dissertation,Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of Geography University of Zurich,1998:1-150
[99]廖静娟,郭华东,邵芸等.干涉条纹图估测基线的方法研究.高技术通信,2002,(8)5-7
[100]Reigber Ch,Xia Y,Kaufnann H,et al.Impact of precise orbits on SAR interferometry.In:ESA eds Proc ESA Fringe Workshop on Applications of ERS SAR Interferometry,ESA SP-406.Zurich,Switzerland,1996:223-232
[101]Curlander J C.Locationof spaceborne SAR imagery.IEEE Trans Geosci and Remote Sensing,1982,20(3):359-364
[102]Leong Keong Kwoh,Ee Chien Changh,Wang Cheng Alice Heng.DTM generation from 35-day repeat pass ERS-1 interferometry,IGRSS'94
[103]Prati C,Rocca F.Limits to the resolution of elevation maps from stereo SAR images.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1990,(11):2215-2235
[104]Qian Lin,John F.Vesecky,Howard A.Zebker.New approaches in interferometric SAR data processing.IEEE Trans.Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(3):560-567
[105]刘宝泉、冯大政,武楠等.基于点特征的干涉合成孔径雷达复图像自动配准算法.航空学报,2007,28(1):161-166
[106]曾琪明,解学通.基于谱运算的复相关函数法在干涉复图像配准中的应用.测绘学报,2004,33(2):127-131
[107]齐海宁,洪峻.一种结合最优相干运算的极化干涉SAR相干配准方法.遥感技术与应用,2004,19(6):512-516
[108]王耀南,李树涛,毛建旭.计算机图像处理与识别技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[109]Rafael C.Gonzalez.Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005
[110]Mingsheng Liao;Li Zhang;Zuxon Zhang;Jiangqing Zhang.An automatic matching strategy for INSAR data.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,1999.IGARSS'99 Proceedings.IEEE 1999 International,1999,1:488-490
[111]舒宁.雷达影像干涉测量原理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[112]任坤,Veronique Prinet,是湘全.基于地理定位的星载InSAR去平地效应方法.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2003,28(3):326-329
[113]杨磊,赵拥军,王志刚.基于频移的干涉SAR去平地效应方法研究.电子测量与仪器学报,2004,18(4):15-20
[114]任坤.基于星载合成孔径雷达干涉技术的数字高程模型生成研究.南京理工大学研究生院博士论文,2004.
[115]J.Xu,An adaptive range filter in synthetic aperture sonar interferometry,China-Japan Joint Conference on Acoustics,2002.11
[116]Lee Jong Sen.Intensity and phase statistics of multilook polarimetric and Interferometric imagery.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(9):1017-1028
[117]穆冬,朱兆达,张焕春.干涉SAR相位条纹的鲁棒加权圆周期滤波.数据采集与处理,2001,16(3):299-303
[118]Candelas A L B,Mura J C,Dutra LV,et al.Interferogram phase noise reduction using morphological and modified median filters.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)95,1995:166-168
[119]Giancarlo B.A locally adaptive approach for interferometric phase noise reduction.In:IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings(IGARSS)99,1999:264-266
[120]Lee J S,Papaihanassiou K P,Ainsworth T L,et al.A New Technique for Noise Filtering of SAR Interferometric Phase Images.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1998,36(5):1456-1465
[121]岳焕印,郭华东,范典等.基于静态小波分解的SAR干涉图滤波.高技术通讯,2002(5):5-9.
[122]汪鲁才,王耀南,毛六平.基于小波变换和中值滤波的InSAR干涉衅像滤波方法.测绘学报,2005,34(2):109-113
[123]何儒云,王耀南.一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波方法.测绘学报,2005,35(2):128-132
[124]廖明生,林珲,雷达干涉测量.北京:测绘出版社,2003
[125]Eichel P H,Ghiglia D C.Spotlight SAR Interferometry for Terrain Elevation Mapping and Interferometric Change Detection.Sandia National Labs Tech.Report(SAND)93,1993:2539-2546
[126]Lanari R,Fornaro G,Riccio D,et al.Generation of digital elevation modelsby using SIR-C/X-SAR multifrequency Two-Pass Interferometry:The Etna Case Study.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1996,34(5):1097-1114
[127]Trouve E,Nicolas J,Maitre H.Improving phase unwrapping techniques by the use of local frequency estimates.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,1998,36(6):1963-1972
[128]Nan Wu,Da-Zheng Feng,JunXia Li.A locally adaptive filter of interferometric phase images.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2006,3(1):73-77
[129]Qifeng Yu,Xia Yang,Sihua Fu,et al..An adaptive contoured window filter for interferometric synthetic aperture radar.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2007,4(1):23-26
[130]Goldstein R M,Werner C L.Radar interferomgram filtering for geophysical applications.Geophys Res Lett,1998,25(21):4035-4038
[131]朱岱寅,朱兆达,谢求成.一种基于局部频率估计的地形自适应干涉图滤波器.电子学报,2002,30(2):1853-1856
[132]刘国林,独知行,薛怀平等.卡尔曼滤波在InSAR噪声消除与相位解缠中的应用.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2):67-71
[133]靳国旺,徐青,张燕等.InSAR干涉图的零中频矢量滤波算法.测绘学报,2006,35(1):24-29
[134]黄倩,麻丽香,张冰尘等.干涉相位图的各向异性扩散方程滤波算法.电子与信息学报,2006,28(11):1998-2002
[135]于起峰,伏思华.基于条纹方向和条纹等值线的ESPI与InSAR干涉条纹图处理方法.北京:科学出版社,2007
[136]王怀颖,于盛林,冯强.一种用细胞神经网络提取干涉条纹中心的新方法.计量学报,2006:27(2):117-120
[137]王耀南.计算智能信息处理及其应用.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1999
[138]Aebischer H A,Waldner S.A simple and effective method for filtering speckle interferometric phase fringe patterns[J].Optics Communications, 1999,162:205-210
[139] Q.Lin,J.F.Vesecky,H.A.Zebker. 1994.Phase unwrapping through fringe-line detection in synthetic aperture radar interferometry.Applied Optics,33(2):201-208
[140] J.A.Quiroga,E.Bernabeu. 1994.Phase-unwrapping algorithm for noisy phase-map processing.Applied Optics,33(29):6725-6731
[141] P.G. Charett,I.W.Hunter. 1996.Robust phase-unwrapping method for phase images with high noise content. Applied optics,35(19):3506-3513
[142] Gordon W. Davidson,Richard Bamler. 1999.Multiresolution phase unwrapping for SAR interferometry.IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sens.,37(l):163-174
[143] Dias, J.M.B., Leitao, J.M.N.InSAR phase unwrapping: a Bayesian approach.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS '01. IEEE 2001 International , 9-13 July 2001,vol. 1:396 - 400
[144] 赵争,张继贤,张过.遗传算法在 InSAR相位解缠中的应用.测绘科学, 2002,27 (3): 37-40
[145] Qiming Zeng, Jian Jiao, Hua Zhang.A novel hybrid method to unwrapping interferometric phase.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004.IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International, Volume 4, 20-24 Sept.2004,vol.4: 2632 - 2635
[146] G.F.Carballo,P.W.Fieguth.Hierarchical network flow phase unwrapping.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(8): 1695-1708
[147] P Bioucas-Dias, J.M., Valadao, G..Phase Unwrapping via Graph Cuts. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(3): 698 - 709
[148] D.J.Bone.1991.Fourier fringe analysis:The Two-dimensional phase unwrapping problem.Applied Optics,30(25):3627-3632
[149] J.A.Quiroga and E.Bernabeu. 1994.Phase-unwrapping algorithm for noisy phase-map processing.Applied Optics,33(29):6725-6731
[150] J.A. Wuiroga,A.Gonzalez-Cano,E.Bernaber. 1995.Phase-unwrappingalgorithm based on an adaptive criterion,Applied Optics,34(14):2560-2563
[151] C.Prati,M.Giani,N.Leuratti.l990.SAR interferometry:A 2-D phase unwrapping technique based on phase and absolute values information.Proceedings of the 1990 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.IEEE.Piscataway,2043-2046
[152] D.Derauw.Phase unwrappingusing coherence measurements. 1995.Syntehtic Aperture Radar and Passive Microwave Sensing,Proceedings of the SPIE.Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.Bellingham.WA,2584:319-324
[153]T.J.Flynn.1966.Consistent 2-D phase unwrapping guided by a quality map.Proceedings of the 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Lincoln.Nebraska.IEEE.Piscataway,2057-2059
[154]Pritt M D,Shipman J S.Least-squares two-dimensional phase unwrapping using FFT's.IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(3):706-708
[155]M.Costantini.1996.A phase unwrapping method based on network programming.Proc.Fringe'96 Workshop ERS SAR interferometry.Zurich,院Switzerland.
[156]Frederick S.Hillier.运筹学导论.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.6
[157]吴立新,史文中.地理信息系统原理与算法.北京:科学出版社,2003,10
[158]夏耶.巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量.地震学报,2005,27(4):423-430