高铁突发事件应急管理相关问题研究
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摘要
近年来,突发事件在全球范围内频繁发生,对人类和社会造成了巨大损失。世界各国为应对各类突发事件,相继都加强了突发事件应急管理工作。应急预案作为应急管理的核心工作,是预防和应对突发事件的行动指南。为了快速有效地恢复正常状态,最大程度的减少损失,各领域都建立起了相对完善的应急管理体系。
高速铁路是交通领域的新兴产物,在我国得到了快速发展。高速度、高密度、大运量的特点使得高速铁路备受旅客的青睐。也正是这些特点,决定了高速铁路事故的严重后果。因而,提高高速铁路应急能力的问题成了铁路部门的热门话题。
本文在介绍分析国外高速铁路应急管理的基础上,对高铁应急管理部分问题进行了研究,具体工作如下：
(1)从人、设备、环境和管理四个方面分析了了高铁突发事件产生的原因以及介绍了高铁突发事件的分类分级,根据国内高铁应急管理现状,总结出高铁应急管理的原则。同时分析了突发事件和风险管理的关系。
(2)分析了我国高铁应急管理现状,构建出阶段模式与体系模式的关系图。作为应急管理的微观层面,重点分析了高铁应急预案体系及组织机构。并通过对国内外高铁事故原因分析及应急救援行动进程对比,总结国内高铁应急预案存在的主要问题。
(3)构建了以预案核心要素为基础的指标体系,并运用模糊层次分析法对某高铁应急预案进行了评价,总结了应急预案存在的问题。
(4)分析决策者在不知道高速铁路突发事件具体信息的情况下,应急预案启动问题,通过与最优成本相比,证明了该启动模式的可行性。
Emergency incidents occur frequently worldwide in recent years that caused great loss to human and society. To deal with all types of emergencies, many countries have to strengthen the emergency management. As the core work of the emergency management, emergency plan play a guide role to prevent and respond to emergencies. Emergency plan systems are established in many areas to make emergency response quickly and effectively, and to minimize losses.
As a new product of traffic field, the high-speed railway has been development rapidly in China. The characteristics of high speed, high density, large capacity made the high-speed railway attractively for visitors of all ages. It is these characteristics that determine the serious consequences of high-speed railway accident. Therefore, improving the emergency response capacity of high-speed railway has become the hot topic.
On the basis of introducing foreign high-speed rail emergency management and background domestic high-speed rail, this paper analysis emergency management part of the problem of high-speed rail, the concrete work is as follows.
First, we analyze the causes of the incidents of the high-speed rail from four aspects of people, equipment, environment and management and introduce the classification and grading of high-speed rail emergencies. At the same time, we analyze the relationship between unexpected event and risk management. According to the domestic high-speed rail emergency management present situation, we summarize the high-speed rail emergency management principles.
Second, we analyzed the current situation of China's high-speed rail emergency management, and built a diagram between the stage model and the system model. As the micro-level of emergency management, we especially analyzed the high-speed railway emergency plan system and organization. Through analysis of the causes of domestic high-speed rail accident and emergency rescue action process comparison, summed up the main problems existing in the domestic high-speed rail.
Third, basing on the plans for the core elements, we built the evaluation index system and used the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate of the high-speed railway emergency plan. Based on the evaluation we summarized the problems of contingency plans.
Last, in the case of unknowing the case of high-speed railway incident specific information, we analyze the start problems of the contingency plan, and compared with the optimal cost, to prove the startup mode.
高速铁路是交通领域的新兴产物,在我国得到了快速发展。高速度、高密度、大运量的特点使得高速铁路备受旅客的青睐。也正是这些特点,决定了高速铁路事故的严重后果。因而,提高高速铁路应急能力的问题成了铁路部门的热门话题。
本文在介绍分析国外高速铁路应急管理的基础上,对高铁应急管理部分问题进行了研究,具体工作如下：
(1)从人、设备、环境和管理四个方面分析了了高铁突发事件产生的原因以及介绍了高铁突发事件的分类分级,根据国内高铁应急管理现状,总结出高铁应急管理的原则。同时分析了突发事件和风险管理的关系。
(2)分析了我国高铁应急管理现状,构建出阶段模式与体系模式的关系图。作为应急管理的微观层面,重点分析了高铁应急预案体系及组织机构。并通过对国内外高铁事故原因分析及应急救援行动进程对比,总结国内高铁应急预案存在的主要问题。
(3)构建了以预案核心要素为基础的指标体系,并运用模糊层次分析法对某高铁应急预案进行了评价,总结了应急预案存在的问题。
(4)分析决策者在不知道高速铁路突发事件具体信息的情况下,应急预案启动问题,通过与最优成本相比,证明了该启动模式的可行性。
Emergency incidents occur frequently worldwide in recent years that caused great loss to human and society. To deal with all types of emergencies, many countries have to strengthen the emergency management. As the core work of the emergency management, emergency plan play a guide role to prevent and respond to emergencies. Emergency plan systems are established in many areas to make emergency response quickly and effectively, and to minimize losses.
As a new product of traffic field, the high-speed railway has been development rapidly in China. The characteristics of high speed, high density, large capacity made the high-speed railway attractively for visitors of all ages. It is these characteristics that determine the serious consequences of high-speed railway accident. Therefore, improving the emergency response capacity of high-speed railway has become the hot topic.
On the basis of introducing foreign high-speed rail emergency management and background domestic high-speed rail, this paper analysis emergency management part of the problem of high-speed rail, the concrete work is as follows.
First, we analyze the causes of the incidents of the high-speed rail from four aspects of people, equipment, environment and management and introduce the classification and grading of high-speed rail emergencies. At the same time, we analyze the relationship between unexpected event and risk management. According to the domestic high-speed rail emergency management present situation, we summarize the high-speed rail emergency management principles.
Second, we analyzed the current situation of China's high-speed rail emergency management, and built a diagram between the stage model and the system model. As the micro-level of emergency management, we especially analyzed the high-speed railway emergency plan system and organization. Through analysis of the causes of domestic high-speed rail accident and emergency rescue action process comparison, summed up the main problems existing in the domestic high-speed rail.
Third, basing on the plans for the core elements, we built the evaluation index system and used the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate of the high-speed railway emergency plan. Based on the evaluation we summarized the problems of contingency plans.
Last, in the case of unknowing the case of high-speed railway incident specific information, we analyze the start problems of the contingency plan, and compared with the optimal cost, to prove the startup mode.
引文
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[21]王恒.AB城际高速铁路应急管理体系研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2011
[22]7.23事故引发的思考[J].信息技术与标准化,2011,8
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[36]Martijn Brons, Moshe Givoni, Piet Rietveld. Access to railway stations and its potential in increasing rail
use [J]. Transportation Research Part A,2008,432
[37]高小平.“一案三制”对政府应急管理决策和组织理论的重大创新[J].湖南社会科学,,2010,(09)：64-68
[38]钟开斌.风险管理：应急管理的重要基础[J].中国减灾,2007,(12)：24-25
[39]梁斌.对铁路事故应预案管理的调查与思考[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008,(14)：341-343
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[2]王富章.铁路突发事件应急管理研究[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010
[3]计雷.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[4]周慧娟.铁路应急管理中的预案管理与资源配置优化[D].北京交通大学博士论文,2011
[5]徐建光.我国铁路突发事件应急管理体系研究[D].西南交通大学,2010
[6]刘民伟.铁路大型客运枢纽站突发事件应急能力评价模型与方法的研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2008
[7]陈序.铁路应急能力评价及对策研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2008
[8]刘仍奎,程晓卿,孙全欣.铁路事故救援系统的构建研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,(11)：43-47
[9]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.一类应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2001.9(3)：29～36
[10]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题研究[J].系统工程理论实践,2000.9：52～55
[11]罗文婷.铁路应急预案综合评价方法研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2008
[12]突发事件铁路应急预案组合评价方法研究[D].兰州交通大学硕士论文,2012
[13]祝凌曦,肖雪梅,李玮,张思帅.基于改进DEA法的铁路应急预案编制绩效评价方法研究[J].铁道学报.2011,4(33)：1～6
[14]江智慧.突发事件下应急预案启动时刻问题模型研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文.2010
[15]王春嬉.突发事件应急预案启动时间的展现策略研究[D].西安工业大学.2012
[16]盛方正,季建华,周娜.基于供应链管理的应急预案启动时间研究[J].工业工程与管理,2008.6：1-5
[17]孙兴国.做好高速铁路交通事故救援准备刻不容缓[J].消防技术与产品信息,2011,(06)2～24
[18]史先伟.山区客运专线的防灾救援及安全疏散方案[J].铁道标准设计,2011(08)：75-79
[19]杨文宣.客运专线隧道应急预案的策划及演练组织[J].铁道标准设计,2007,(04)：59-62
[20]张雅琴.关于高速铁路应急预案管理的思考[J].物流工程与管理,2009,(07)：124-125
[21]王恒.AB城际高速铁路应急管理体系研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2011
[22]7.23事故引发的思考[J].信息技术与标准化,2011,8
[23]Michael Flicks Primedia. An Emergency Discussion With Richard Andrews[J].Business Magazines&MediaIne.2003.01(11):234-254
[24]Homeland Security, National Incident Management System,2004, www.dhs.gov
[25]Richard. T. Weber, David. A. Mc Entire. Recurrent Themes in Comprehensive Management [R]. Proceedings, The International Emergency Management Society Annual Conference, Oslo, Norway,2001
[26]Wang Jianxi, Xu Yude, Lian Songliang,Wang Liying. Probabilistic prediction model for initiation of RCF cracks in heavy-haul railway [J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2010.332
[27]T.X. Wu. Effects on short pitch rail corrugation growth of a rail vibration absorber damper[J]. Wear,2010, 2711
[28]白付维.我国铁路救援体系的现状及发展方向[J].太原铁道科技,2010,(03)：8-11
[29]钱生校,刘淑芳.铁路隧道防灾安全监控与应急救援保障信息系统研究[J].中国铁路,2009,(10)：44-46
[30]Thomas A. Rubin, James E. Moore Ⅱ, Shin Lee. Ten myths about US urban rail systems [J]. Transport Policy,1999,61
[31]李岩.铁路运输环境突发事件应急反应体系的设想[A].2003年中国科学技术协会学术年会、“安全健康：全面建设小康社会”专题交流会、全国第三次安全科学技术学术交流大会论文集[C].2003：298-301
[32]百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/57813.htm
[33]胡运权.运筹学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[34]Mogford R, Guttman J, Morrow S. The Complexity Construct in Air Traffic Control a Review and Synthesis of the Literature[R]. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City, NJ:1995
[35]C B Tucker, D M Weary, D Fraser. Influence of neck-rail placement on free-stall preference, use, and cleanliness [J]. Journal of dairy science,2005,888
[36]Martijn Brons, Moshe Givoni, Piet Rietveld. Access to railway stations and its potential in increasing rail
use [J]. Transportation Research Part A,2008,432
[37]高小平.“一案三制”对政府应急管理决策和组织理论的重大创新[J].湖南社会科学,,2010,(09)：64-68
[38]钟开斌.风险管理：应急管理的重要基础[J].中国减灾,2007,(12)：24-25
[39]梁斌.对铁路事故应预案管理的调查与思考[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008,(14)：341-343
[40]Ladislav Bitterer, Jaroslav Sima. The Diagnostics and layout of railway track from the results of GPS measurements [J]. Acta Montanistica Slovaca,2005,102
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