嵌入式工业控制系统中的人机交互系统的研究与开发
摘要
人机交互(Human Machine Interaction)指的是人与计算机之间的交互方式,以及计算机显示信息的布局,它是用户与计算机交互的媒介。人机交互技术对于软件系统越来越重要,它已成为现代软件研究的重要课题。图形用户界面(GUI,Graphical User Interface),作为人机交互技术的重要内容,以丰富的图形图像信息、直观的表达方式与用户交互。使用GUI系统作为人机界面的软件系统简洁、美观、方便好用,也更加人性化,目前已经大量应用在嵌入式工业控制领域。
由于Linux系统的飞速发展和其开放源代码的原则,使其成为了嵌入式领域开发系统中主要使用的操作系统,在工业控制领域使用也非常广泛。虽然目前国内外已经针对嵌入式设备及嵌入式Linux系统设计了华丽界面支持的GUI平台,但由于工业控制领域对实时性的特殊要求且需要一些特殊功能,使这些GUI平台在速度和功能上不能满足工业控制领域的需求。
随着硬件技术的发展,嵌入式环境中可用的资源已经非常丰富,这就要求所使用的GUI系统更加的高效和可靠。针对工业控制领域中对嵌入式GUI的特殊性能要求,本课题需要开发一种能够适合电脑绣花机等缝制设备智能控制系统的图形用户界面,以满足其上层软件的高效、快速开发。
论文首先在深入分析了多种主流嵌入式GUI系统体系结构和实现原理的基础上,提出了一种支持多线程的嵌入式GUI系统(XiuGUI)的体系结构和设计原理。然后,对系统核心层中的图形模块、对象模块、事件模块和其他模块的设计思想和实现原理进行了详细描述,并创建了独立的图形函数库,简化了设备上下文结构,提出了窗口页面事件响应算法,并最终设计实现了XiuGUI原型。接着,为了使上层软件的开发工作更加高效、快速,定义了基于XiuGUI系统的软件开发模式。最后,展示了本文研究项目的实际成果。结果表明,XiuGUI系统能够很好的支持多线程,且具有良好的灵活性、可移植性和可伸缩性。
Human Machine Interaction (HMI) means interactive mode of man-machine, and the layout of computer information displaying. It is the medium of information exchange by man-machine. It becomes more and more important in computer system than ever before. It has been the main task of software studying in modem times. Graphical User Interface (GUI) as an important branch of the HMI, exchanges information with users in graphical and intuitionistic ways. GUI makes software convenient and humanistic, and has been applied in embedded fields of industrial control prevalently.
Among others, Linux, as a result of its fast development and its open source principle, is now the most popular OS in the field of embedded system and in the field of industrial control. Besides, the GUI applied in the embedded system is also more and more widely. Despite the fact that there have already been a great many GUI systems specifically designed for Linux and other embedded systems in the world, these GUI systems still cannot satisfy the need of the field of industrial control both in the aspect of speed and function, giving the special requirements of real time and also some particular functions by the field of industrial control.
With the development of hardware, resources which are available in embedded fields have been abundant, it also requires embedded GUIs to be efficient and reliable. It is necessary to build a GUI system which not only satisfies the requirements of real time and functions by the field of industrial control and GUI respectively but also suitable for the intellect control system of stitch equipment like as computer embroider.
In the dissertation, firstly, on the basis of analyzing a variety of mainstream embedded GUI system's architectures and implementation principles, the architecture and a design principle of multi-thread embedded GUI system (XiuGUI) are proposed. Secondly, the kernel module of the structure is analyzed in-depth and the system design scheme of the XiuGUI holistic module is put forward and introducing the graphics-module, object-module and event-module. There among, system create a absolute graphics function library, simplify the structure of DC and propose a algorithm of page-event response. And then, a definition based on XiuGUI system is built in order to make upper levels program efficient and fast. Finally, the achievements of system is displayed and the system testing results are analyzed. The results showed that the XiuGUI is good at supporting multi-thread and has good flexibility, portability and scalability.
由于Linux系统的飞速发展和其开放源代码的原则,使其成为了嵌入式领域开发系统中主要使用的操作系统,在工业控制领域使用也非常广泛。虽然目前国内外已经针对嵌入式设备及嵌入式Linux系统设计了华丽界面支持的GUI平台,但由于工业控制领域对实时性的特殊要求且需要一些特殊功能,使这些GUI平台在速度和功能上不能满足工业控制领域的需求。
随着硬件技术的发展,嵌入式环境中可用的资源已经非常丰富,这就要求所使用的GUI系统更加的高效和可靠。针对工业控制领域中对嵌入式GUI的特殊性能要求,本课题需要开发一种能够适合电脑绣花机等缝制设备智能控制系统的图形用户界面,以满足其上层软件的高效、快速开发。
论文首先在深入分析了多种主流嵌入式GUI系统体系结构和实现原理的基础上,提出了一种支持多线程的嵌入式GUI系统(XiuGUI)的体系结构和设计原理。然后,对系统核心层中的图形模块、对象模块、事件模块和其他模块的设计思想和实现原理进行了详细描述,并创建了独立的图形函数库,简化了设备上下文结构,提出了窗口页面事件响应算法,并最终设计实现了XiuGUI原型。接着,为了使上层软件的开发工作更加高效、快速,定义了基于XiuGUI系统的软件开发模式。最后,展示了本文研究项目的实际成果。结果表明,XiuGUI系统能够很好的支持多线程,且具有良好的灵活性、可移植性和可伸缩性。
Human Machine Interaction (HMI) means interactive mode of man-machine, and the layout of computer information displaying. It is the medium of information exchange by man-machine. It becomes more and more important in computer system than ever before. It has been the main task of software studying in modem times. Graphical User Interface (GUI) as an important branch of the HMI, exchanges information with users in graphical and intuitionistic ways. GUI makes software convenient and humanistic, and has been applied in embedded fields of industrial control prevalently.
Among others, Linux, as a result of its fast development and its open source principle, is now the most popular OS in the field of embedded system and in the field of industrial control. Besides, the GUI applied in the embedded system is also more and more widely. Despite the fact that there have already been a great many GUI systems specifically designed for Linux and other embedded systems in the world, these GUI systems still cannot satisfy the need of the field of industrial control both in the aspect of speed and function, giving the special requirements of real time and also some particular functions by the field of industrial control.
With the development of hardware, resources which are available in embedded fields have been abundant, it also requires embedded GUIs to be efficient and reliable. It is necessary to build a GUI system which not only satisfies the requirements of real time and functions by the field of industrial control and GUI respectively but also suitable for the intellect control system of stitch equipment like as computer embroider.
In the dissertation, firstly, on the basis of analyzing a variety of mainstream embedded GUI system's architectures and implementation principles, the architecture and a design principle of multi-thread embedded GUI system (XiuGUI) are proposed. Secondly, the kernel module of the structure is analyzed in-depth and the system design scheme of the XiuGUI holistic module is put forward and introducing the graphics-module, object-module and event-module. There among, system create a absolute graphics function library, simplify the structure of DC and propose a algorithm of page-event response. And then, a definition based on XiuGUI system is built in order to make upper levels program efficient and fast. Finally, the achievements of system is displayed and the system testing results are analyzed. The results showed that the XiuGUI is good at supporting multi-thread and has good flexibility, portability and scalability.
引文
[1]魏永明.实时嵌入式Linux系统上GUI的发展与展望.微型电脑世界,2000,49(2):43-45
[2]邹思铁.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.32-38
[3]董建明,傅利民.人机交互:以用户为中心的设计和评估.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.21-25
[4]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.67-71
[5]周立功.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.13-41
[6]钱华锋.面向对象嵌入式GUI研究及其可视化环境实现.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2004.12-27
[7]傅竹青,陈定方.基于Linux和MiniGUI的数据传输测试仪表监控终端系统的研究.电信科学,2005,50(12):33-38
[8]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙,等.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.78-81
[9]Trolltech.Qt Reference Documentation version 3.3.4.2004.
[10]嵌入式Linux设计与应用.http://www.mcuzone.com/ebook/Linux_1.pdf.微控地带,318-344
[11]魏永明,钟书毅,等.Linux/ucLinux+MiniGUI:嵌入式系统开发原理、工具、及过程.http://www.minigui.com.北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005
[12]刘峥嵘,张智超,等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.250-298
[13]毛洋林,潘志浩.基于嵌入式Linux的图形界面显示系统的设计.微机算计信息,2004,45(3):45-47
[14]Jasmine Blanchette.C++ GUI Programming with Qt3.Trolltech AS.2004.76-83
[15]吴升艳,胡冰,岳春.Micro Windows体系结构及应用程序接口.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,30(4):17-19
[16]Charles J.Linux Support Ranges from GUI to Big Blue.IEEE.1999
[17]马小波.嵌入式GUI的研制—GUI支撑技术的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学计算机系,2003.03
[18]张星烨.基于Linux的嵌入式系统在测控系筑中的设计与应用.贵州工业大学学报,2002,34(5):78-81
[19]孙玉芳.嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.123-132.
[20]王策.基于Linux的嵌入式系统开发.计算机应用,2002,(2):18-21
[21]张娟.基于嵌入式Linux的GUI应用程序的实现.计算机应用,2003,(2):78-80
[22]郭胜超.一个嵌入式Linux应用系统在Lubbock开发板上的实现.计算机应用,2003,(2):12-21
[23]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.210-215
[24]吴明晖.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.32-33
[25]中科红旗软件技术有限公司.红旗Linux软件开发技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.54-67
[26]林敏,丁金华,田涛.计算机控制技术及工程应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.89-102
[27]张宏伟.Linux下USB设备驱动程序的编写.计算机应用研究,2001,(9):141-146
[28]涂晓峰,李培玉.基于StrongARM嵌入式Linux系统下的USB通信实现.计算机工程与应用,2004,40(10):188-192.
[29]SL811HS embedded USB host/slave controller.Cypress Semiconductor Corporation,2002.5-6,19-21
[30]Eric Lecolinet.A molecular architecture for creating advanced GUIs.ACM Press Nor,2003,135-144
[31]Alessandro Rubini.Linux设备驱动程序.中国电力出版社,2000.53-66
[32]Alessandro Rubini,Jonathan Corbel.Linux设备驱动程序.O'Reilly Media,Inc.2002.98-110
[33]罗从难,李小群,耿增强.嵌入式的图形用户界面.测控技术,2000,(5):12-14
[34]邹燕.软件产品中的用户界面设计.中国金融电脑,2004,(07):27-29
[35]Trolltech,Online Reference Documentation,http://doc.trolltech.com/,2003.2.9.
[36]Mizi,Online Reference Documentation,http://www.mizi.com/deve12oper/s3c2410x/,2003.2.12.
[37]Heurist A C,Crarnhow,Horstkotte A,et al.Steps Towards A Fully Preemptable Linux Kernel.Real-time Programming,2003,3(1):17-20
[38]Ken Klask.Guide to GUI,Appliance Design.2005,53(7):10-13
[39]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux System.O'Relly Associates,2003.46-55
[40]Trolltech Inc.Qt Reference Documentation 4.1.0.http://doc.trolltech.com/4.1/index.html,2005
[41]White L,Almezen H.Generating test eases for GUI responsibilities using complete interaction sequences.IEEE.2000
[42]漆昭铃.基于PowerPC的嵌入式Linux.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.45-54
[43]Richard NT.A component and message based architectural style for GUI software.IEEE Trans on Software Engineering.1996,22(8):390-406
[2]邹思铁.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.32-38
[3]董建明,傅利民.人机交互:以用户为中心的设计和评估.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.21-25
[4]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.67-71
[5]周立功.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.13-41
[6]钱华锋.面向对象嵌入式GUI研究及其可视化环境实现.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2004.12-27
[7]傅竹青,陈定方.基于Linux和MiniGUI的数据传输测试仪表监控终端系统的研究.电信科学,2005,50(12):33-38
[8]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙,等.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.78-81
[9]Trolltech.Qt Reference Documentation version 3.3.4.2004.
[10]嵌入式Linux设计与应用.http://www.mcuzone.com/ebook/Linux_1.pdf.微控地带,318-344
[11]魏永明,钟书毅,等.Linux/ucLinux+MiniGUI:嵌入式系统开发原理、工具、及过程.http://www.minigui.com.北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005
[12]刘峥嵘,张智超,等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.250-298
[13]毛洋林,潘志浩.基于嵌入式Linux的图形界面显示系统的设计.微机算计信息,2004,45(3):45-47
[14]Jasmine Blanchette.C++ GUI Programming with Qt3.Trolltech AS.2004.76-83
[15]吴升艳,胡冰,岳春.Micro Windows体系结构及应用程序接口.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,30(4):17-19
[16]Charles J.Linux Support Ranges from GUI to Big Blue.IEEE.1999
[17]马小波.嵌入式GUI的研制—GUI支撑技术的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学计算机系,2003.03
[18]张星烨.基于Linux的嵌入式系统在测控系筑中的设计与应用.贵州工业大学学报,2002,34(5):78-81
[19]孙玉芳.嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.123-132.
[20]王策.基于Linux的嵌入式系统开发.计算机应用,2002,(2):18-21
[21]张娟.基于嵌入式Linux的GUI应用程序的实现.计算机应用,2003,(2):78-80
[22]郭胜超.一个嵌入式Linux应用系统在Lubbock开发板上的实现.计算机应用,2003,(2):12-21
[23]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.210-215
[24]吴明晖.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.32-33
[25]中科红旗软件技术有限公司.红旗Linux软件开发技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.54-67
[26]林敏,丁金华,田涛.计算机控制技术及工程应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.89-102
[27]张宏伟.Linux下USB设备驱动程序的编写.计算机应用研究,2001,(9):141-146
[28]涂晓峰,李培玉.基于StrongARM嵌入式Linux系统下的USB通信实现.计算机工程与应用,2004,40(10):188-192.
[29]SL811HS embedded USB host/slave controller.Cypress Semiconductor Corporation,2002.5-6,19-21
[30]Eric Lecolinet.A molecular architecture for creating advanced GUIs.ACM Press Nor,2003,135-144
[31]Alessandro Rubini.Linux设备驱动程序.中国电力出版社,2000.53-66
[32]Alessandro Rubini,Jonathan Corbel.Linux设备驱动程序.O'Reilly Media,Inc.2002.98-110
[33]罗从难,李小群,耿增强.嵌入式的图形用户界面.测控技术,2000,(5):12-14
[34]邹燕.软件产品中的用户界面设计.中国金融电脑,2004,(07):27-29
[35]Trolltech,Online Reference Documentation,http://doc.trolltech.com/,2003.2.9.
[36]Mizi,Online Reference Documentation,http://www.mizi.com/deve12oper/s3c2410x/,2003.2.12.
[37]Heurist A C,Crarnhow,Horstkotte A,et al.Steps Towards A Fully Preemptable Linux Kernel.Real-time Programming,2003,3(1):17-20
[38]Ken Klask.Guide to GUI,Appliance Design.2005,53(7):10-13
[39]Karim Yaghmour.Building Embedded Linux System.O'Relly Associates,2003.46-55
[40]Trolltech Inc.Qt Reference Documentation 4.1.0.http://doc.trolltech.com/4.1/index.html,2005
[41]White L,Almezen H.Generating test eases for GUI responsibilities using complete interaction sequences.IEEE.2000
[42]漆昭铃.基于PowerPC的嵌入式Linux.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.45-54
[43]Richard NT.A component and message based architectural style for GUI software.IEEE Trans on Software Engineering.1996,22(8):390-406