绿色制造运行模式及其实施方法研究
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摘要
绿色制造是一个综合考虑环境影响和资源消耗的现代制造模式,是管理科学、制造科学和环境科学深层次交叉而形成的国际重要科学前沿领域,是人类社会可持续发展战略在现代制造业中的体现。作为一种先进制造理念,绿色制造的最终目的是要在企业得到应用和实施,让企业的经济效益和社会效益实现协调优化。
绿色制造在企业的运行实施涉及面广,涉及到企业从管理到技术,从设计、制造到销售、维护以及回收处理等各个环节,实施过程十分复杂,且成本投入也比较大,因此迫切需要相关模型和方法论的支持。本论文结合国家科技支撑计划重大项目课题“绿色制造技术体系与运行模式研究”(2006BAF02A01-01)和重庆市自然科学基金重点项目“绿色制造基础理论与系统方法”(2004-47-19)等课题,对绿色制造运行模式及其实施方法展开了研究。
首先,在论述了绿色制造的技术内涵及技术体系框架的基础上,提出了一种包括战略目标层、过程目标层、产品设计过程主线层、产品生命周期过程主线层、支撑系统层等五层结构的绿色制造运行模式总体框架,并对各个层进行了较为详细的论述。
在此基础上,提出了面向通用维、行业维、生命周期维等三个维度的绿色制造运行模式应用框图。其中,通用维包括总体模型、行业模型、企业模型三个层次,行业维是一组具有不同绿色制造特征的典型行业,生命周期维是对产品生命周期各个环节的具体描述。
然后,提出行业绿色制造运行模式的构建思路,选取了典型的机电制造行业(机床行业、电子行业)对行业绿色制造运行模式进行了探讨,分别建立了两个典型机电行业的绿色制造运行模式,主要包括绿色设计、绿色生产和回收处理三个系统。
基于所提出的绿色制造运行模式,提出了绿色制造实施指导方针、企业绿色制造运行模式的构建思路以及绿色制造实施方法,并对绿色制造战略方案的选择、技术方案的选型以及绿色制造实施风险评估等几个关键问题进行了重点研究。在绿色制造战略的选择方面,建立了态势分析法(SWOT)因素体系,并采用SWOT与层次分析法(AHP)结合的方法实现定量分析;在技术方案选型方面,考虑不同绿色制造技术之间的协同效益,提出一种基于协同效益的绿色制造技术方案选择决策模型;在风险评估方面,提出了一种基于模糊统计矩阵和Bin模糊优先矩阵的绿色制造实施风险评估方法。
最后,将所研究的绿色制造运行模式及其实施方法在重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司进行了初步应用,为该企业实施绿色制造提供了重要参考和指导,取得了较好的应用效果。
Green Manufacturing (GM) is a kind of modern manufacturing mode with the full consideration of resources consumption and environmental impact. It is an international cutting-edge area formed by the deeply crossing of management science, manufacturing science and environment science. And it embodies human sustainable development strategy in modern manufacturing industry. As a kind of advanced manufacturing concepts, the final purpose of GM is the application and implementation in enterprises and to make enterprises harmonize the economic benefits and environmental benefits.
The GM implementation and operation in enterprises cover a wide range, from management to technology, from design and manufacturing to distribution, maintenance, recycling and disposal. Then the implementation process is very complicated and the investment is large. Thus, the support of related model and methodology is of great significance. In this thesis, the GM operation model and implementation methods are studied.
Firstly, based on the discussion of GM technology connotation and system framework, a GM operation model of five-layer structure is proposed, including enterprise strategic goal, enterprise operation objectives, product design process main line, product life cycle main line and supporting systems. And the five subsystems of the operation model are discussed in detail.
On this basis, the application roadmap of GM operation model for three dimensions including general, industries, life cycle is proposed. General dimension includes general model, industries model and enterprises model. Industries dimension is a set of representative industries of different GM characters. Life cycle dimension is specific description of every stages of product life cycle from the GM view.
Then, the construction of industrial GM operation model is presented. The typical electromechanical manufacturing industry (machine tool industry, electronic industry) is selected for the discussion of industrial GM operation model. The GM operation models of the two industries are constructed, which respectively include three key systems i.e. green design, green process and recycle treatment.
Based on the proposed GM operation model, the GM implementation guiding principle, the construction of enterprises GM operation model and GM implementation methods system are presented and the main attention is focused on some key problems, such as, GM strategy selection, green technology portfolio selection and GM implementation risk assessment. The strategic factors system of SWOT analysis is constructed for GM strategy selection, and quantitative analysis is realized by the combination of AHP and SWOT analysis. With the consideration of synergetic benefits between different green technologies, a decision making model is proposed for green technology portfolio selection. A combined fuzzy statistical matrix and Bin fuzzy matrix method is put forward for GM implementation risk assessment.
Finally, the GM operation model and its implementation methods are preliminarily applied in Chongqing Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd, and provide important reference and guidance for GM implementation, which has achieved a better application effect.
绿色制造在企业的运行实施涉及面广,涉及到企业从管理到技术,从设计、制造到销售、维护以及回收处理等各个环节,实施过程十分复杂,且成本投入也比较大,因此迫切需要相关模型和方法论的支持。本论文结合国家科技支撑计划重大项目课题“绿色制造技术体系与运行模式研究”(2006BAF02A01-01)和重庆市自然科学基金重点项目“绿色制造基础理论与系统方法”(2004-47-19)等课题,对绿色制造运行模式及其实施方法展开了研究。
首先,在论述了绿色制造的技术内涵及技术体系框架的基础上,提出了一种包括战略目标层、过程目标层、产品设计过程主线层、产品生命周期过程主线层、支撑系统层等五层结构的绿色制造运行模式总体框架,并对各个层进行了较为详细的论述。
在此基础上,提出了面向通用维、行业维、生命周期维等三个维度的绿色制造运行模式应用框图。其中,通用维包括总体模型、行业模型、企业模型三个层次,行业维是一组具有不同绿色制造特征的典型行业,生命周期维是对产品生命周期各个环节的具体描述。
然后,提出行业绿色制造运行模式的构建思路,选取了典型的机电制造行业(机床行业、电子行业)对行业绿色制造运行模式进行了探讨,分别建立了两个典型机电行业的绿色制造运行模式,主要包括绿色设计、绿色生产和回收处理三个系统。
基于所提出的绿色制造运行模式,提出了绿色制造实施指导方针、企业绿色制造运行模式的构建思路以及绿色制造实施方法,并对绿色制造战略方案的选择、技术方案的选型以及绿色制造实施风险评估等几个关键问题进行了重点研究。在绿色制造战略的选择方面,建立了态势分析法(SWOT)因素体系,并采用SWOT与层次分析法(AHP)结合的方法实现定量分析;在技术方案选型方面,考虑不同绿色制造技术之间的协同效益,提出一种基于协同效益的绿色制造技术方案选择决策模型;在风险评估方面,提出了一种基于模糊统计矩阵和Bin模糊优先矩阵的绿色制造实施风险评估方法。
最后,将所研究的绿色制造运行模式及其实施方法在重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司进行了初步应用,为该企业实施绿色制造提供了重要参考和指导,取得了较好的应用效果。
Green Manufacturing (GM) is a kind of modern manufacturing mode with the full consideration of resources consumption and environmental impact. It is an international cutting-edge area formed by the deeply crossing of management science, manufacturing science and environment science. And it embodies human sustainable development strategy in modern manufacturing industry. As a kind of advanced manufacturing concepts, the final purpose of GM is the application and implementation in enterprises and to make enterprises harmonize the economic benefits and environmental benefits.
The GM implementation and operation in enterprises cover a wide range, from management to technology, from design and manufacturing to distribution, maintenance, recycling and disposal. Then the implementation process is very complicated and the investment is large. Thus, the support of related model and methodology is of great significance. In this thesis, the GM operation model and implementation methods are studied.
Firstly, based on the discussion of GM technology connotation and system framework, a GM operation model of five-layer structure is proposed, including enterprise strategic goal, enterprise operation objectives, product design process main line, product life cycle main line and supporting systems. And the five subsystems of the operation model are discussed in detail.
On this basis, the application roadmap of GM operation model for three dimensions including general, industries, life cycle is proposed. General dimension includes general model, industries model and enterprises model. Industries dimension is a set of representative industries of different GM characters. Life cycle dimension is specific description of every stages of product life cycle from the GM view.
Then, the construction of industrial GM operation model is presented. The typical electromechanical manufacturing industry (machine tool industry, electronic industry) is selected for the discussion of industrial GM operation model. The GM operation models of the two industries are constructed, which respectively include three key systems i.e. green design, green process and recycle treatment.
Based on the proposed GM operation model, the GM implementation guiding principle, the construction of enterprises GM operation model and GM implementation methods system are presented and the main attention is focused on some key problems, such as, GM strategy selection, green technology portfolio selection and GM implementation risk assessment. The strategic factors system of SWOT analysis is constructed for GM strategy selection, and quantitative analysis is realized by the combination of AHP and SWOT analysis. With the consideration of synergetic benefits between different green technologies, a decision making model is proposed for green technology portfolio selection. A combined fuzzy statistical matrix and Bin fuzzy matrix method is put forward for GM implementation risk assessment.
Finally, the GM operation model and its implementation methods are preliminarily applied in Chongqing Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd, and provide important reference and guidance for GM implementation, which has achieved a better application effect.
引文
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