黑龙江东安浅成低温热液型金矿床：地质特征、成矿模式及远景评价
摘要
浅成热液金矿因其具有埋藏浅易开采、品位高、规模多属大—超大型,分布集中且经济意义巨大等特点,而备受瞩目。黑龙江东安金矿是黑龙江省新近发现的大型浅成低温热液型金矿床。
矿床位于燕山期环太平洋成矿带西带大陆边缘,佳木斯地块和松嫩地块之间的伊春-延寿地槽褶皱系-构造岩浆活动带,陆相火山—侵入作用强烈。矿床的形成与陆相次火山岩有密切的时空、物源、热源和成生关系。矿体受库尔滨壳断裂的NNW、NNE、NE向次级断层和中燕山晚期次火山岩控制,矿化范围一般与热液石英岩脉一致,与中燕山晚期细粒碱长花岗岩密切伴生。
本文在研究东安金矿区域及矿床地质特征的基础上,初步建立了该矿床成矿模式,并以地质异常致矿理论和相似类比理论为指导,充分利用该区的地质、物探、化探成果,在东安金矿区内开展1:10000-1:2000比例尺成矿远景评价,圈定成矿远景区I级2个、II级1个。预测金资源量5吨。
Because of its shallow location, large scale (most of them are large or super largemines), the epithermal gold deposit is highly valued with its important economicalsignificance. Dong'an gold mine that is a newly found has a larger potential andbelongs to the epithermal gold deposit with low sulfur.
The area locates in the western continental rim of the yanshan-phase miningterrain of surrounding Pacific, also at the structure –magma acting terrain between theJiamusi-landblock and Songnen-landblock, in which the volcano-invasion wasintensive. The ore-forming is closely associated with the terrestrial phase sub-lavaespecially its space-time, matter-fountain, heat-source and shaping-forming.
Controlled by the junior structure, that is NNW-NNE-NE orientation, of Kuerbincrust structure and cryptoexplosion breccia, the ore-beds coexist with the middlephase of yanshan alkali-lime granite vine . In this area 52 mine bodies, withlength ranging from 50m to 725m, thickness from 1.00m to 9.40m , the value of Au1.11~19.83×10~(-6),Ag 1.0~159.4×10~(-6) ,have been found ,among which the body 5 arethe main mine. One is 460m long, 234m vertical-depth, 6.70m thick, value of Au9.05×10~(-6),Ag 75.8×10~(-6), thickness changing coefficient is 75.3%, others (1-4, 6,10-14, 19) is 21.4-67.0%, mineral value changing coefficient Au is 380.9%, Ag is206.8%, others (1-4, 6, 10-14, 19) Au is 40.3-93.1%, Ag is 45.5-132.7%, Thestatistical results of mineral value and thickness show the mining is asymmetryand change maximum, other bodies, the value and the standard deviationof thickness are reversed.
The alternation of the surrounding rock is intensive and its zonation isapparent. The inner tape is hydrothermal quartaite, adulariation and chloritization, themiddle tape is silication, net nervation silicon and chloritization and the hypo-outertape is pelitization(gaolinate, muscovite), outer tape is daolinate, sericite. The orebodies lies in the inner tape, which the forming temperature of mineral is low
(200~300℃), the salty degree of the mining fluid is low (4~8%),and themining depth is shallow(0.2~1.1km). The mining course can be divided into threestages, the early stage ivory quartz, the middle stage gray quarts-adularia,quarts-chlorite-sulfid, the last one net nervation. The mining was made mainly in themiddle stage and the Ru-Sr age of mineral is 108Ma. The distributing model of Auvalue is dual normal school with peaks, also shows the stages of mining.The sub-lava in the late period of middle phase of yanshan is main mining factor,which has Evolved from mantle – derived magma, remelts part of the crystalfloor, and belongs to the alkalescence series of calcium – alkalescence volcanorock, it correlates closely with the mining in both time and space , and there exists anapparent depending relation in the source of material and heat . At the interface ofupheaval and the sunk, structures here are highly developed and thereby providedanother important mining factor. The NNE Kuerbin structure brought themining under control, and it's NNW, NNE, NE directional junior structures becomethe ideal transporting corridor and gathering place of mine. In this area, thepre-Cambrian basement neutron -basis property volcano rock –fine clastic buildingand sub-Cambrian Xilin group in cap rock carbonatite –fine clastic building becamethe original layer of mining source. The invasion action was very intensive,including Caledonian , late indo-chinese epoch and the late phase of yanshan ,and the rock belongs to calcium – alkalescence volcano rock;the former providedpart of mining material , and as one of the surrounding rocks , the lattertwo provided the mining material and medium. The sub-lava in the late period ofmiddle phase of yanshan here didn't only offer a part of mining material, but alsoserved as a heat fountain. Based on the investigation to the areal geology conditionand the mine geological character, according to the theory of geological abnormitycausing mine and the theory of comparision, this article has made fully use of theresults of Geology, Physical exploration and Chemical exploration and have drawnout the 1:10000~1:2000 mining prediction in the area of Dong'an gold deposit and itsbackground, Two I-class districts and one II-class districts have been predicted. Thepredicted gold reserve is 5 tons.
矿床位于燕山期环太平洋成矿带西带大陆边缘,佳木斯地块和松嫩地块之间的伊春-延寿地槽褶皱系-构造岩浆活动带,陆相火山—侵入作用强烈。矿床的形成与陆相次火山岩有密切的时空、物源、热源和成生关系。矿体受库尔滨壳断裂的NNW、NNE、NE向次级断层和中燕山晚期次火山岩控制,矿化范围一般与热液石英岩脉一致,与中燕山晚期细粒碱长花岗岩密切伴生。
本文在研究东安金矿区域及矿床地质特征的基础上,初步建立了该矿床成矿模式,并以地质异常致矿理论和相似类比理论为指导,充分利用该区的地质、物探、化探成果,在东安金矿区内开展1:10000-1:2000比例尺成矿远景评价,圈定成矿远景区I级2个、II级1个。预测金资源量5吨。
Because of its shallow location, large scale (most of them are large or super largemines), the epithermal gold deposit is highly valued with its important economicalsignificance. Dong'an gold mine that is a newly found has a larger potential andbelongs to the epithermal gold deposit with low sulfur.
The area locates in the western continental rim of the yanshan-phase miningterrain of surrounding Pacific, also at the structure –magma acting terrain between theJiamusi-landblock and Songnen-landblock, in which the volcano-invasion wasintensive. The ore-forming is closely associated with the terrestrial phase sub-lavaespecially its space-time, matter-fountain, heat-source and shaping-forming.
Controlled by the junior structure, that is NNW-NNE-NE orientation, of Kuerbincrust structure and cryptoexplosion breccia, the ore-beds coexist with the middlephase of yanshan alkali-lime granite vine . In this area 52 mine bodies, withlength ranging from 50m to 725m, thickness from 1.00m to 9.40m , the value of Au1.11~19.83×10~(-6),Ag 1.0~159.4×10~(-6) ,have been found ,among which the body 5 arethe main mine. One is 460m long, 234m vertical-depth, 6.70m thick, value of Au9.05×10~(-6),Ag 75.8×10~(-6), thickness changing coefficient is 75.3%, others (1-4, 6,10-14, 19) is 21.4-67.0%, mineral value changing coefficient Au is 380.9%, Ag is206.8%, others (1-4, 6, 10-14, 19) Au is 40.3-93.1%, Ag is 45.5-132.7%, Thestatistical results of mineral value and thickness show the mining is asymmetryand change maximum, other bodies, the value and the standard deviationof thickness are reversed.
The alternation of the surrounding rock is intensive and its zonation isapparent. The inner tape is hydrothermal quartaite, adulariation and chloritization, themiddle tape is silication, net nervation silicon and chloritization and the hypo-outertape is pelitization(gaolinate, muscovite), outer tape is daolinate, sericite. The orebodies lies in the inner tape, which the forming temperature of mineral is low
(200~300℃), the salty degree of the mining fluid is low (4~8%),and themining depth is shallow(0.2~1.1km). The mining course can be divided into threestages, the early stage ivory quartz, the middle stage gray quarts-adularia,quarts-chlorite-sulfid, the last one net nervation. The mining was made mainly in themiddle stage and the Ru-Sr age of mineral is 108Ma. The distributing model of Auvalue is dual normal school with peaks, also shows the stages of mining.The sub-lava in the late period of middle phase of yanshan is main mining factor,which has Evolved from mantle – derived magma, remelts part of the crystalfloor, and belongs to the alkalescence series of calcium – alkalescence volcanorock, it correlates closely with the mining in both time and space , and there exists anapparent depending relation in the source of material and heat . At the interface ofupheaval and the sunk, structures here are highly developed and thereby providedanother important mining factor. The NNE Kuerbin structure brought themining under control, and it's NNW, NNE, NE directional junior structures becomethe ideal transporting corridor and gathering place of mine. In this area, thepre-Cambrian basement neutron -basis property volcano rock –fine clastic buildingand sub-Cambrian Xilin group in cap rock carbonatite –fine clastic building becamethe original layer of mining source. The invasion action was very intensive,including Caledonian , late indo-chinese epoch and the late phase of yanshan ,and the rock belongs to calcium – alkalescence volcano rock;the former providedpart of mining material , and as one of the surrounding rocks , the lattertwo provided the mining material and medium. The sub-lava in the late period ofmiddle phase of yanshan here didn't only offer a part of mining material, but alsoserved as a heat fountain. Based on the investigation to the areal geology conditionand the mine geological character, according to the theory of geological abnormitycausing mine and the theory of comparision, this article has made fully use of theresults of Geology, Physical exploration and Chemical exploration and have drawnout the 1:10000~1:2000 mining prediction in the area of Dong'an gold deposit and itsbackground, Two I-class districts and one II-class districts have been predicted. Thepredicted gold reserve is 5 tons.
引文
1 黑龙江省地质局.黑龙江省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1994
2 成因岩石学.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004,
3 韩振新,徐衍强,郑庆道.黑龙江省重要金属和非金属矿产的成矿系列及其演化.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.2003
4 中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/17412.1-1998).岩石分类和命名方案—火成岩岩石分类和命名方案.北京:中国标准出版社,1999
5 黑龙江省区域地质调查第一队.逊克县、常家屯、新兴公社、富饶公社、白桦林场幅1/20万区域地质调查报告,1981
6 卿敏,韩先菊.隐爆角砾岩型金矿研究述评,黄金地质,2002,(8)2
7 廖启林,戴塔根.新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿成矿地球化学特征初探.地质地球化学,2000,(28)2
8 席小平.双峰山金矿床地质特征及成因探讨.矿产与地质,1991,1
9 邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学.北京:地质出版社
10 郗爱华.山东招远脉状金矿矿体数学特征及研究意义.黄金,2001(22)1
11 肖斌,赵鹏大.归来庄金矿床w(Au)/w(Ag)异常的地质统计学研究.地球科学,2000,(25)1
12 邓军,孙忠实,杨立强,陈学明等.成矿流体运动系统金质来源和富集机制讨论.地质科技情报,2000,(19)1
13 金利勇,郝秀云.刺猬沟金矿成因特征.黄金,2001,(21)10
14 刘连登,陈国华,吴国学,张克尧等.我国浅成热液金矿的分类探讨.长春科技大学学报,1999,(29)3
15 吴长航,金云霄,韩新志.吉家洼金矿床矿石及矿物特征研究.黄金,2005,(26)7
16 司雪峰,崔银亮,穆新河.甘肃北山中带变质碎屑岩型金矿地质特征及找矿前景.地质与勘探,2001,(37)6
17 赵鹏大,池顺都.初论地质异常.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1991,3
18 赵鹏大,孟宪国.地质异常与矿产预测.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1993
19 李守义,叶松青. 矿产勘查学.北京:地质出版社,2003
20 张均,张晓军.川西北地区金成矿的地质异常控制.地质找矿论丛,2000,(15)1
21 赵鹏大,王京贵,饶明辉等. 中国地质异常.地球科学—中国地质大学学报.1995,(20)2
22 赵鹏大,陈永清.基于地质异常单元金矿找矿有利地段圈定与评价.地球科学,1999,(24)5
23 翟裕生.论成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,1
24 王世称,陈永良.大型、超大型金矿床综合信息成矿预测标志.黄金地质,1999,1
2 成因岩石学.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004,
3 韩振新,徐衍强,郑庆道.黑龙江省重要金属和非金属矿产的成矿系列及其演化.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.2003
4 中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/17412.1-1998).岩石分类和命名方案—火成岩岩石分类和命名方案.北京:中国标准出版社,1999
5 黑龙江省区域地质调查第一队.逊克县、常家屯、新兴公社、富饶公社、白桦林场幅1/20万区域地质调查报告,1981
6 卿敏,韩先菊.隐爆角砾岩型金矿研究述评,黄金地质,2002,(8)2
7 廖启林,戴塔根.新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿成矿地球化学特征初探.地质地球化学,2000,(28)2
8 席小平.双峰山金矿床地质特征及成因探讨.矿产与地质,1991,1
9 邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学.北京:地质出版社
10 郗爱华.山东招远脉状金矿矿体数学特征及研究意义.黄金,2001(22)1
11 肖斌,赵鹏大.归来庄金矿床w(Au)/w(Ag)异常的地质统计学研究.地球科学,2000,(25)1
12 邓军,孙忠实,杨立强,陈学明等.成矿流体运动系统金质来源和富集机制讨论.地质科技情报,2000,(19)1
13 金利勇,郝秀云.刺猬沟金矿成因特征.黄金,2001,(21)10
14 刘连登,陈国华,吴国学,张克尧等.我国浅成热液金矿的分类探讨.长春科技大学学报,1999,(29)3
15 吴长航,金云霄,韩新志.吉家洼金矿床矿石及矿物特征研究.黄金,2005,(26)7
16 司雪峰,崔银亮,穆新河.甘肃北山中带变质碎屑岩型金矿地质特征及找矿前景.地质与勘探,2001,(37)6
17 赵鹏大,池顺都.初论地质异常.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1991,3
18 赵鹏大,孟宪国.地质异常与矿产预测.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1993
19 李守义,叶松青. 矿产勘查学.北京:地质出版社,2003
20 张均,张晓军.川西北地区金成矿的地质异常控制.地质找矿论丛,2000,(15)1
21 赵鹏大,王京贵,饶明辉等. 中国地质异常.地球科学—中国地质大学学报.1995,(20)2
22 赵鹏大,陈永清.基于地质异常单元金矿找矿有利地段圈定与评价.地球科学,1999,(24)5
23 翟裕生.论成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,1
24 王世称,陈永良.大型、超大型金矿床综合信息成矿预测标志.黄金地质,1999,1