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改进FSA框架下的船舶营运安全管理研究
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摘要
全球经济和世界贸易的蓬勃发展,带来了航运业的欣欣向荣。7年来,我国的对外贸易在入世的巨大推动下保持加速增长的迅猛态势,“中国机会”造就世界海运繁荣,预计2010年将有1亿载重吨的新船运力投放。有限的航行海域中所承载的船舶数量越来越多,由此带来船舶营运的安全性问题。我国每年所发生的船舶营运事故造成数以亿计的财产损失,吞噬几百条鲜活的生命。
     “安全营运,和谐航海”是我国政府和航运企业所追求的目标,为了减少船舶营运事故所带来的经济损失和人员丧生,提高船舶营运安全水平,本文对船舶营运安全管理问题进行深入系统的研究,分析船舶营运安全的现状、辨识影响船舶营运安全的关键因素、评估船舶营运安全水平、探讨船舶营运安全关键影响因素的路径依赖、设计船舶营运安全管理方案、提出船舶营运安全管理对策建议。主要研究内容是:
     对影响船舶营运安全的关键因素进行识别。根据专家意见以及相关统计资料,从人为因素、船舶因素、环境因素以及管理因素四个方面罗列可能影响船舶营运安全的因素,借用系统辨识的思想,利用粗糙集的属性约减方法对所罗列的因素进行约减,得到船舶营运安全的关键影响因素并对约减结果进行分析。
     对船舶营运安全水平进行评估。利用所识别的船舶营运安全关键影响因素构建船舶营运安全水平评估指标体系,将基于知识信息量的粗糙集属性重要度引入到该体系中,结合所调研的样本数据,对指标进行赋权并应用模糊积分方法对船舶营运安全水平进行评估,计算得到船舶营运安全水平。
     对船舶营运安全关键影响因素的路径依赖关系进行分析。影响因素之间的作用关系以及各因素对船舶事故损失的影响程度往往被研究者所忽略,针对这种情况,利用结构方程对人为因素、船舶因素、环境因素、管理因素以及事故损失五者之间的路径依赖关系进行分析,通过五者之间作用关系的研究假设、变量设计以及模型分析,得到五者之间的路径依赖。
     对船舶营运安全管理方案进行制定。基于船舶营运安全现状以及前面三部分内容的研究,利用PDCA循环的思想对船舶营运安全管理方案进行制定,方案由四部分组成,分别是计划子系统、执行子系统、检查与监督子系统以及措施子系统,对四个子系统之间的关系进行论述。
     提出船舶营运安全管理对策建议。针对船舶营运安全管理存在的问题以及论文研究的结果,站在航运企业的角度,就如何提高船舶营运安全水平,提出相应对策建议。
     本文在改进的FSA框架下对船舶营运安全管理进行研究,旨在减少船舶事故所带来的人员伤亡,降低船舶事故所造成的经济损失,为提高船舶营运安全水平提供可资借鉴之路。
The rapid development of world trade and economy has brought about a flourishing shipping industry. Driven by accession to the WTO, China's foreign trade has maintained rapid growth trend in recent 7 years. "China opportunity" creates the prosperity of the world's shipping industry. There will be 100 million deadweight ton of new transport capacity which put into shipping market in 2010. The safety problem of ship operation has appeared because that there are too many ships in limited maritime space.The ship accidents which happened in our country each year caused hundreds of millions of property loss and hundreds of lives termination.
     " Safe operation, harmony navigation" is the goal which our government and shipping enterprises are pursuing. In order to reduce economic losses and lives termination caused by ship accident and enhance level about safety management of ship operation, this paper studied the problem about safety management of ship operation systematically and comprehensively. It analyzed status quo of ship operation safety, identified key influencing factors of ship operation safety, evaluated level of ship operation safety, analyzed key influencing factors'path dependence of ship operation safety, designed safety management project of ship operation, put forward countermeasure about safety management of ship operation.
     First of all, the paper identified key influencing factors of ship operation safety. It enumerated the possible influencing factors from human factors, ship factors, environmental factors and management factors basing on the ideas of experts and relevant statistical data. Using idea of system identification, it reduced the possible influencing factors by attribute reduction algorithm of rough set. At last the paper gained key influencing factors of ship operation safety and analyzed the result of reducing.
     Secondly, the paper evaluated safety level of ship operation. It designed safety level evaluating system of ship operation by key influencing factors of ship operation safety which was identified above, imported the method of rough set attribute significance which basing on amount of knowledge information to the evaluating system. Using sample data of investigating, the paper computed evaluating system's weight and evaluated safety level of ship operation by fuzzy integral.
     In succession to the second, the paper analyzed path dependence of key influencing factors about ship operation safety. The relationships between influencing factors and the factors' infection on the loss of ship accident are often overlooked by researchers. In view of this situation, the paper analyzed the relationships between human factors, ship factors, environmental factors, management factors and loss of ship accident by structural equation method. The paper supposed relationships between 5 factors above, designed variables of the relationships, analyzed concept model of structural equation, gained the path dependence of the 5 factors above.
     Furthermore, the paper designed safety management project of ship operation. Basing on the status quo of ship operation safety and researching content above, the paper designed safety management project of ship operation by PDCA cycle. The project composed by 4 parts which are planning subsystem, doing subsystem, checking subsystem and acting subsystem. At last, the paper discussed the relationships between the 4 subsystems.
     Finally, the paper put forward countermeasure about safety management of ship operation. According to existing problem of ship operation safety and researching results, the paper put forward countermeasure about safety management of ship operation on the view of shipping enterprise.
     The paper studied safety management of ship operation on the basis of improved FSA framework. The purport of this paper is to reduce casualty of ship accidents, decreased economic loss of ship accidents, provide referential use way of improving safety level about ship operation.
引文
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