单向张拉膜结构气弹模型风洞试验研究
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摘要
张拉膜是一种新型的结构体系,其刚度是靠膜内预张力和一定几何形状而形成的,这类结构与传统的结构相比具有两个显著的特点“轻”和“柔”。这使得膜结构具有良好的抗震性能但对风荷载作用敏感,膜结构在风荷载的作用下会产生结构与风场之间的相互作用即所谓的“流固耦合”效应,在一定条件下会使结构发生破坏,因此其风振特性的研究对该类结构的设计非常重要。
膜结构形式多样,一般为复杂的三维体系,因此其流固耦合特性的影响因素很多。本文以单向张拉膜结构作为研究对象,其结构形式简单且不失张拉膜结构的一般性,对于机理性研究是最好的选择。此外单向张拉膜结构受力特性简单明确,在一定条件下可以简化为二维,使得解析求解或数值模拟相对简单,有助于以后试验与理论求解的相互验证。本文正是基于这样的思想对该类结构进行气弹模型风洞试验,通过改变结构特性参数和流场特性参数,来研究风与结构之间的流固耦合特性。主要工作如下:
1.制定了气弹模型试验的研究方案,从结构特性参数的改变包括不同膜内预张力、不同膜材和流场特性参数的改变包括不同来流、不同底部支撑条件,这几个方面来讨论空气和膜之间的流固耦合性能。
2.运用π定理对单向张拉膜结构气弹模型试验需要满足的相似条件进行了推导;设计了单向张拉膜结构的开敞式和封闭式气弹模型;采用不同的方法对乳胶薄膜、防雨绸这两种膜材进行了材性试验。
3.对单向张拉膜气弹模型进行了风洞试验,预张力变化试验包括10N/m、20N/m、30N/m三种情况;下部支撑情况包括开敞式和封闭式;地貌情况包括均匀流和B类地貌;膜材变化包括防雨绸和乳胶薄膜两种并对结果进行了分析。
4.综合运用了巴特沃斯带通滤波(BBF)、希尔伯特——黄变换(HHT)以及改进的随机减量法(MRDT)对气弹模型低阶模态的频率和阻尼比进行了求解与分析。
Tensioned membrane structure is a new type of structure system, which stiffness is given by the pre-tensioned stress within membrane and the geometry of pre-formed. The structure compared with traditional ones has two significant features, that is the "lightweight" and "flexibility". The above characteristics also determine membrance structure has a good seismic performance, but sensitive to wind load. Under the effect of wind load, one interaction between membrane structure and wind may be occured, which is called "fluid-structure interaction"(FSI). In some circumstances, this interaction will lead to damage in the structure. Therefore, wind-induced vibration characteristics of research play an important role in this kind of structure.
Membrance structure in various forms, is gengeally a complex three- dimensional system, many factors affect the properties of its fluid-structure interaction. Due to its simplity and universality, the present paper have processed numbers of mechancial investigation on one-way type tensioned membrane structure. Besides, it could be easily simplified into two-dimensional structure systerm in some conditions, which simplifies the simulation and analytical method and also very useful in comparing the experimental and analytical results. Based on this principle, multiparameter comparison (including the structural parameters and the aerodynamic characteristics of flow parameters) wind tunnel tests were conducted to study wind-induced response characteristics for aeroelastic models of one-way type tension membrane structures. Main tasks are as follows:
1. A comprehensive scheme of wind tunnel test on aeroelastic modelshas been studied and made. We studied the FSI performance between the wind and membrance structure in aspects of different structural characteristic and flow characteristic parameters.
2. Theπtheorem is adopted to induce the similarity criterion about aeroelastic model tests of one-way type tensioned membrane structure; Designing and making one-way type of tensioned membrane structure aeroelastic models, including both the opened and closed ones. In order to get material properties of water-resistant silk and latex film, both of different test methods were adopted.
3. Wind tunnel test of aeroelastic model was performed, laser displacement meters was used to measure the time-history displacement of some points and also applied certain methods for data processing and analysis.
4. Based on the data from the test, comprehensive use of Butterworth band-pass filter (BBF) , Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and the modified random decrement technique (MRDT) to identify both the lower frequency and damping ratio of the aeroelastic model.
膜结构形式多样,一般为复杂的三维体系,因此其流固耦合特性的影响因素很多。本文以单向张拉膜结构作为研究对象,其结构形式简单且不失张拉膜结构的一般性,对于机理性研究是最好的选择。此外单向张拉膜结构受力特性简单明确,在一定条件下可以简化为二维,使得解析求解或数值模拟相对简单,有助于以后试验与理论求解的相互验证。本文正是基于这样的思想对该类结构进行气弹模型风洞试验,通过改变结构特性参数和流场特性参数,来研究风与结构之间的流固耦合特性。主要工作如下:
1.制定了气弹模型试验的研究方案,从结构特性参数的改变包括不同膜内预张力、不同膜材和流场特性参数的改变包括不同来流、不同底部支撑条件,这几个方面来讨论空气和膜之间的流固耦合性能。
2.运用π定理对单向张拉膜结构气弹模型试验需要满足的相似条件进行了推导;设计了单向张拉膜结构的开敞式和封闭式气弹模型;采用不同的方法对乳胶薄膜、防雨绸这两种膜材进行了材性试验。
3.对单向张拉膜气弹模型进行了风洞试验,预张力变化试验包括10N/m、20N/m、30N/m三种情况;下部支撑情况包括开敞式和封闭式;地貌情况包括均匀流和B类地貌;膜材变化包括防雨绸和乳胶薄膜两种并对结果进行了分析。
4.综合运用了巴特沃斯带通滤波(BBF)、希尔伯特——黄变换(HHT)以及改进的随机减量法(MRDT)对气弹模型低阶模态的频率和阻尼比进行了求解与分析。
Tensioned membrane structure is a new type of structure system, which stiffness is given by the pre-tensioned stress within membrane and the geometry of pre-formed. The structure compared with traditional ones has two significant features, that is the "lightweight" and "flexibility". The above characteristics also determine membrance structure has a good seismic performance, but sensitive to wind load. Under the effect of wind load, one interaction between membrane structure and wind may be occured, which is called "fluid-structure interaction"(FSI). In some circumstances, this interaction will lead to damage in the structure. Therefore, wind-induced vibration characteristics of research play an important role in this kind of structure.
Membrance structure in various forms, is gengeally a complex three- dimensional system, many factors affect the properties of its fluid-structure interaction. Due to its simplity and universality, the present paper have processed numbers of mechancial investigation on one-way type tensioned membrane structure. Besides, it could be easily simplified into two-dimensional structure systerm in some conditions, which simplifies the simulation and analytical method and also very useful in comparing the experimental and analytical results. Based on this principle, multiparameter comparison (including the structural parameters and the aerodynamic characteristics of flow parameters) wind tunnel tests were conducted to study wind-induced response characteristics for aeroelastic models of one-way type tension membrane structures. Main tasks are as follows:
1. A comprehensive scheme of wind tunnel test on aeroelastic modelshas been studied and made. We studied the FSI performance between the wind and membrance structure in aspects of different structural characteristic and flow characteristic parameters.
2. Theπtheorem is adopted to induce the similarity criterion about aeroelastic model tests of one-way type tensioned membrane structure; Designing and making one-way type of tensioned membrane structure aeroelastic models, including both the opened and closed ones. In order to get material properties of water-resistant silk and latex film, both of different test methods were adopted.
3. Wind tunnel test of aeroelastic model was performed, laser displacement meters was used to measure the time-history displacement of some points and also applied certain methods for data processing and analysis.
4. Based on the data from the test, comprehensive use of Butterworth band-pass filter (BBF) , Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and the modified random decrement technique (MRDT) to identify both the lower frequency and damping ratio of the aeroelastic model.
引文
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