火花点火式发动机燃用变组分煤层气电控单元的研究
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摘要
城市环境的污染问题和能源问题迫切要求对现有车用发动机进行改造，以
降低其有害废气排放以及提高发动机的经济性和动力性。针对世界石油资源的日
益减少，采用新的替代燃料逐步成为人们关注的问题。煤层气是汽油的一种有效
替代物，而我国煤层气资源比较丰富，目前国家对最近探明的大型煤层气田进行
开发，因而煤层气有很好的发展前景。
在变浓度煤层气发动机燃气组分浓度变化的情况下，只有对进气空燃比进
行精确控制，才能使煤层气发动机满足较好的动力性和低排放的要求，针对这一
独特问题，本文设计了一种以PIC16F877单片机为核心的新型电控单元，它采用
双单片机系统，通过对十六路模拟量信号和三路数字信号采集及处理后，根据MAP
图查出相应的燃气量和空气量，通过输出接口电路驱动两路步进电机，并以转速
传感器和氧传感器作为反馈器件，实现对转速和空燃比的有效控制。该系统功能
较强，工作可靠，具有较好的抗干扰能力。
根据发动机的工作特性用汇编语言设计相应的综合控制软件，它包括发动
机起动、怠速、加速、减速、恒速和变速变负荷等工况的空燃比控制程序、串行
和并行通讯程序、信号采集及数据处理程序和控制量输出程序。由于采用了模块
化结构设计方法，从而提高了软件的可扩展性和可维护性。
通过对电控单元的硬件电路和软件程序调试，本电控单元满足了实际需求。
为了验证电控单元实际工作的正确性，对电控单元的控制过程进行了计算机仿真
和模拟实验以及发动机台架试验，台架试验表明，电控单元较好地完成了对火花
点火式煤层气发动机的信号采集与处理和各种基本工况下的空燃比控制。
Energy crisis and Air pollution have been the most important topics in resent years. With the increasing concerns on health and environment, countries all over the world bring forward increasingly stringent emission regulations. As a solution, clean fuels become more and more important. This paper introduced a new alternative and a new electronic control unit.
Due to the special problem "with varying component Methane the Air-Fuel ratio has to be efficiently controlled", the paper introduces a new electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU consists of two P1C16F877 micro-controllers, sensor processing circuit, driving circuit. First the required operating parameters are registered by sensors and converted into numerical signals, and then the theoretical air-fuel ratio is acquired according to the MAP, finally the two valves positions are adjusted by the air-fuel ratio. Redundancy design and module circuit design have been used, and completely think over the adaptability to environment, self-protection and heat release.
The control software is compiled with ASM language, the software includes the air-fuel ratio control program under different situations, monitor program and signal processing program. In order to improve the software extension and modification, the software is made with sub-program and layer structure model. The idea of a layer-based architecture is that lower layers offer all the services needed by the higher layers.
Through the modulation of hardware circuit and software, the ECU is feasible. The ECU can perform three tasks: to display the measured data received from the sensors, to calculate the air-fuel ratio, to control the two valves position.
降低其有害废气排放以及提高发动机的经济性和动力性。针对世界石油资源的日
益减少，采用新的替代燃料逐步成为人们关注的问题。煤层气是汽油的一种有效
替代物，而我国煤层气资源比较丰富，目前国家对最近探明的大型煤层气田进行
开发，因而煤层气有很好的发展前景。
在变浓度煤层气发动机燃气组分浓度变化的情况下，只有对进气空燃比进
行精确控制，才能使煤层气发动机满足较好的动力性和低排放的要求，针对这一
独特问题，本文设计了一种以PIC16F877单片机为核心的新型电控单元，它采用
双单片机系统，通过对十六路模拟量信号和三路数字信号采集及处理后，根据MAP
图查出相应的燃气量和空气量，通过输出接口电路驱动两路步进电机，并以转速
传感器和氧传感器作为反馈器件，实现对转速和空燃比的有效控制。该系统功能
较强，工作可靠，具有较好的抗干扰能力。
根据发动机的工作特性用汇编语言设计相应的综合控制软件，它包括发动
机起动、怠速、加速、减速、恒速和变速变负荷等工况的空燃比控制程序、串行
和并行通讯程序、信号采集及数据处理程序和控制量输出程序。由于采用了模块
化结构设计方法，从而提高了软件的可扩展性和可维护性。
通过对电控单元的硬件电路和软件程序调试，本电控单元满足了实际需求。
为了验证电控单元实际工作的正确性，对电控单元的控制过程进行了计算机仿真
和模拟实验以及发动机台架试验，台架试验表明，电控单元较好地完成了对火花
点火式煤层气发动机的信号采集与处理和各种基本工况下的空燃比控制。
Energy crisis and Air pollution have been the most important topics in resent years. With the increasing concerns on health and environment, countries all over the world bring forward increasingly stringent emission regulations. As a solution, clean fuels become more and more important. This paper introduced a new alternative and a new electronic control unit.
Due to the special problem "with varying component Methane the Air-Fuel ratio has to be efficiently controlled", the paper introduces a new electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU consists of two P1C16F877 micro-controllers, sensor processing circuit, driving circuit. First the required operating parameters are registered by sensors and converted into numerical signals, and then the theoretical air-fuel ratio is acquired according to the MAP, finally the two valves positions are adjusted by the air-fuel ratio. Redundancy design and module circuit design have been used, and completely think over the adaptability to environment, self-protection and heat release.
The control software is compiled with ASM language, the software includes the air-fuel ratio control program under different situations, monitor program and signal processing program. In order to improve the software extension and modification, the software is made with sub-program and layer structure model. The idea of a layer-based architecture is that lower layers offer all the services needed by the higher layers.
Through the modulation of hardware circuit and software, the ECU is feasible. The ECU can perform three tasks: to display the measured data received from the sensors, to calculate the air-fuel ratio, to control the two valves position.
引文
[1]．清华大学博士后工作报告 清华大学
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[2]．董尧清．欧洲内燃机考察散记．国外内燃机 2001(1)
[3]．顾红兰，左承基．国外清洁燃料发展近况．中国内燃机学会第三届青年学术年会论文集，东华大学出版社，2002
[4]．钱叶剑．一种新型电控泵-轨-阀-嘴燃料喷射系统的研究，合肥工业大学硕士论文，2002
[5]．邵千钧等．电控喷射改善燃用LPG发动机动力性研究内燃机工程，2002(1)
[6]．夏渊、周希德．双燃料发动机天然气电子控制喷射系统的研究．仪器仪表学报，2001(3)
[7]．洪伟等．缸内直喷天然气发动机开闭环控制系统的研究．汽车工程，1999(4)
[8]．何克忠、李伟编著．计算机控制系统．清华大学出版社，1998．4
[9]．曹承志编著．微型计算机控制新技术．机械工业出版社，2001．3
[10]．谢红卫等译．现代控制系统．高等教育出版社，2001 6
[11]. Trog C. Kantola etal. The Influence of a Low Sulfur Fuel and Ceramic Particle Trap on the Physical, Chemical and Biological Character of Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions. SAE Paper 920565
[12]. Minggao Yang, Sorenson S C. Direct Digital Control of Diesel Engines[C]. SAE940372
[13]. Ludwig Walz, Wolf Wessel and. Joachim Berger. Progress in Electronic Diesel Control [C] . SAE840442
[14]. H.Laurent, L.Angand P. Daly Integrated Engine Control—The Next Stop in Electronic Engine Technology [C]. SAE840540
[15]. S.Kajitani,C.L.Chen et al, Direct Injection Diesel Engine Operated with propane-DME Blended Fuel SAE Paper 982536
[16]. M.Konno et al, Engine Performance and Exhaust Characteristics of Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Operated with DME SAE 972973
[17]. David B. Kittelson et al, Influence of a Fuel Additive on the Particulate and Emissions of a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine. SAE Paper 941015
[18]. Jeffery Hood et al, Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles Operating on Oxygenated Fuels at Low Ambient Temperature: A Preview of Published Sendings. SAE Paper 952403
[19]．余勇、李建秋、周明、欧阳明高．车用柴油机ECU兼容性分析与设计．汽
车工程 2001．6
[20]．韩晓东、杜宇．电动汽车单片机测控系统的抗干扰设汁．电子技术 1999．9
[21]．李建秋、欧阳明高、孙鸿、卢启龙．电控柴油机ECU逻辑模块的开发．内燃机工程，1998(1)
[22]．钱耀义、李国良、于秀敏、米金泳·车用柴油机微机控制器的应用．内燃机工程，1996(1)王延岭等．汽车柴油机电控管理系统的初步研究．内燃机工程，2000(2)
[23]．杜仲等．车用柴油机管理系统电控单元的开发研究．车用发动机，1998(12)
[24]．谢辉、张震、王国祥、林志强、苏万华．全电控双燃料发动机32位电控单元的开发．内燃机工程，2001(3)
[25]．姜卓、卓斌．汽油机新电控单元MICS1.0型ECU的研究．内燃机学报，2000(4)
[26]．段晖辉、姜卓、卓斌．一种新型汽油机电子控制单元．车用发动机，2000(4)
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