基于水质保障的供水系统智能优化技术研究
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摘要
饮用水水质安全关系到国计民生和社会稳定，伴随着社会经济的迅猛发展，水源水及管网水的水质问题日益突出，输配水管线老化、腐蚀现象严重，管网二次污染问题不容乐观，且多数城市的供水系统尚未建立统一的管网监控、调度管理和管网水质保障技术平台。因此，以有效保障供水系统的水质安全性和供水可靠性为目标，对从原水调配到供水管网的仿真建模再到供水系统调度运行等一系列的优化技术展开研究，寻求基于水质保障的供水系统运行、调控、管理方案，为饮用水安全保障提供技术支持，具有非常重要的意义。
本文首先从水资源优化配置角度出发，针对目前研究过程中，多注重对水量的调配及调配过程中的经济效益，而忽略了原水水质对水厂处理工艺及管网水质的影响等问题，以黄河中上游地区水质状况较差的水源井输配系统为研究对象，研究黄河干流两侧引黄地区浅层地下水的水质特征，采用傅里叶变换与人工神经网络相结合方法建立入厂处—水源井特征污染物耦合模型；并在此基础上，构建基于特征污染物控制的原水优化调配模型，采用自适应并行遗传算法予以求解，并研发了相应的应用程序和软件；将所研发的技术应用于黄河中上游地区Z市水源地，验证了所研发的优化调配模型的有效性和实用性。
针对供水管网微观仿真模型精度较低、应用范围受限等问题，对开放式区域供水管网的动态仿真建模技术进行研究，从研发精度较高的管网参数测试装置、对区域供水管网的边界流量进行自适应优化调整等技术方法入手，提高所构建的仿真模型的精度；在此基础上，本文提出了管网典型水质指标的模拟分析技术，实现了基于微观模型的余氯模拟以及基于神经网络的浊度、铁等指标的模拟计算；将所研发的《城市供水安全保障平台》在我国大中型城市J市开放式区域供水管网进行应用与实践，验证了所构建的仿真模型的精度和水质模拟结果的准确性。
在供水系统的优化调度方面，当前研究大多忽略了不同水源的切换对管网水质的影响。针对此问题，本文以黄河中下游地区多水源切换供水城市为研究对象，对“黄水”成因进行分析，通过对以黄河水、山区水库水为水源的出厂水进行混合调配实验，对“黄水”的应对措施进行探讨；在建立以余氯、铁等作为控制指标的多组分水质目标函数的基础上，构建两级优化调度模型，并采用多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ予以求解，进而研发了《城市供水优化运行系统》；将所研发的技术应用于J市多水源混合供水区域，通过优化调配计算，在保障供水可靠性和经济性的同时，加强了研究区域管网的水质化学稳定性，降低了“黄水”发生的几率。
本文以保障供水系统的水质安全性、供水可靠性和供水经济性为目标，通过将自适应并行遗传算法、人工神经网络、多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ等现代智能优化方法应用于基于特征污染物控制的原水优化调配、开放式区域供水管网仿真建模与水质模拟以及多水源切换条件下的供水系统优化运行管理等方面的研究，建立从水源到管网的水质安全保障平台，为城市供水系统的科学化、合理化运行管理提供了有力的技术支持。
The safety of drinking water relates to the livelihood and social stability. With thedevelopment of social economy, the pollution of source water and pipe network water isincreasingly outstanding. Affected by aging and corrosion of the distribution pipeline,the secondary pollution is becoming more and more serious. Meanwhile, the unifiedtechnological platform of monitor, dispatching management and water quality controlhas not been established in most city of our country at present. Therefore, to researchthe optimization technology from source water distribution to simulation modeling andoptimal operation of water supply system will be of great important significance, andwill provide technical support for safety guarantee of drinking water.
At First, on the study of source water distribution, the emphasis of the pastresearch was to reduce the energy consumption by optimal allocation of water quantity,and the influence of source water quality to water treatment process and drinking waterquality was usually neglected. In this paper, taking the source wells with poor quality onthe upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River as research object, the water qualitycharacteristics of shallow groundwater around the yellow river are researched. Thecoupling model of particular pollutants at waterworks-network department isestablished by Fourier Transform and Artificial Neural Network. The optimaldistribution model is established based on the control of particular pollutants, and thesoftware is developed correspondingly. The technology is applied to the distributionsystem of city Z, and the effectiveness and practicality of the model are verified.
The precision of the simulation model of water supply network is relatively low,and the application range has certain limitations nowadays. In this paper, the dynamicsimulation modeling technology of opening territorial water supply network isresearched. Meanwhile, the precision of the simulation model can be improved throughsome technical means, such as developing parameter testing device with high-precision,adaptive adjustment of boundary flow in opening territorial water supply network, etc.On the basis of that, through analyzing the basic theory of water quality modeling, theanalysis calculation of typical quality indices such as residual chlorine, turbidity, iron ion and so on is realized. Furthermore, the Water Supply Network Safety Guarantee Platformis developed and applied in opening territorial water supply network of city J, theprecision of the simulation model is verified in the study.
In the aspect of optimal operation of water supply system, the influence of watersource switching on quality in water supply network is always ignored. This paper takesthe water supply system with source switching on the middle and lower reaches of theYellow River as a research object, to analyze the causes and propose thecountermeasures of yellow water by mixing preparation experiment of two kinds offinished water which comes form yellow river and mountain reservoir respectively.Based on that, the objective function of multiple quality indexes is established withresidual chlorine and iron ion in mixing area as the control indices. Then the two-stageoptimal operation model is proposed, and the Optimal Operation Platform of UrbanWater Supply System is developed correspondingly. The model is solved byMulti-objective Evolutionary Algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ. The technology is applied in mixingarea of multi-source water supply system of city J, through optimal operationcalculating, the reliability and economy of water supply system are improved. The waterchemical-stability is enhanced and the occurrence probability of yellow water isdecreased at the same time.
In this paper, intelligent optimization technologies such as the Genetic Algorithm,Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm, Artificial Neural Network and so on areapplied to optimal distribution of source water, simulation modeling of openingterritorial water supply network, and optimal operation of water supply system withmulti-source switching. In order to guarantee the quality safety, water supply reliabilityand economy, the water safety guarantee platform is established from source to network,which provides powerful technical support for scientific operation and management ofurban water supply system.
本文首先从水资源优化配置角度出发，针对目前研究过程中，多注重对水量的调配及调配过程中的经济效益，而忽略了原水水质对水厂处理工艺及管网水质的影响等问题，以黄河中上游地区水质状况较差的水源井输配系统为研究对象，研究黄河干流两侧引黄地区浅层地下水的水质特征，采用傅里叶变换与人工神经网络相结合方法建立入厂处—水源井特征污染物耦合模型；并在此基础上，构建基于特征污染物控制的原水优化调配模型，采用自适应并行遗传算法予以求解，并研发了相应的应用程序和软件；将所研发的技术应用于黄河中上游地区Z市水源地，验证了所研发的优化调配模型的有效性和实用性。
针对供水管网微观仿真模型精度较低、应用范围受限等问题，对开放式区域供水管网的动态仿真建模技术进行研究，从研发精度较高的管网参数测试装置、对区域供水管网的边界流量进行自适应优化调整等技术方法入手，提高所构建的仿真模型的精度；在此基础上，本文提出了管网典型水质指标的模拟分析技术，实现了基于微观模型的余氯模拟以及基于神经网络的浊度、铁等指标的模拟计算；将所研发的《城市供水安全保障平台》在我国大中型城市J市开放式区域供水管网进行应用与实践，验证了所构建的仿真模型的精度和水质模拟结果的准确性。
在供水系统的优化调度方面，当前研究大多忽略了不同水源的切换对管网水质的影响。针对此问题，本文以黄河中下游地区多水源切换供水城市为研究对象，对“黄水”成因进行分析，通过对以黄河水、山区水库水为水源的出厂水进行混合调配实验，对“黄水”的应对措施进行探讨；在建立以余氯、铁等作为控制指标的多组分水质目标函数的基础上，构建两级优化调度模型，并采用多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ予以求解，进而研发了《城市供水优化运行系统》；将所研发的技术应用于J市多水源混合供水区域，通过优化调配计算，在保障供水可靠性和经济性的同时，加强了研究区域管网的水质化学稳定性，降低了“黄水”发生的几率。
本文以保障供水系统的水质安全性、供水可靠性和供水经济性为目标，通过将自适应并行遗传算法、人工神经网络、多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ等现代智能优化方法应用于基于特征污染物控制的原水优化调配、开放式区域供水管网仿真建模与水质模拟以及多水源切换条件下的供水系统优化运行管理等方面的研究，建立从水源到管网的水质安全保障平台，为城市供水系统的科学化、合理化运行管理提供了有力的技术支持。
The safety of drinking water relates to the livelihood and social stability. With thedevelopment of social economy, the pollution of source water and pipe network water isincreasingly outstanding. Affected by aging and corrosion of the distribution pipeline,the secondary pollution is becoming more and more serious. Meanwhile, the unifiedtechnological platform of monitor, dispatching management and water quality controlhas not been established in most city of our country at present. Therefore, to researchthe optimization technology from source water distribution to simulation modeling andoptimal operation of water supply system will be of great important significance, andwill provide technical support for safety guarantee of drinking water.
At First, on the study of source water distribution, the emphasis of the pastresearch was to reduce the energy consumption by optimal allocation of water quantity,and the influence of source water quality to water treatment process and drinking waterquality was usually neglected. In this paper, taking the source wells with poor quality onthe upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River as research object, the water qualitycharacteristics of shallow groundwater around the yellow river are researched. Thecoupling model of particular pollutants at waterworks-network department isestablished by Fourier Transform and Artificial Neural Network. The optimaldistribution model is established based on the control of particular pollutants, and thesoftware is developed correspondingly. The technology is applied to the distributionsystem of city Z, and the effectiveness and practicality of the model are verified.
The precision of the simulation model of water supply network is relatively low,and the application range has certain limitations nowadays. In this paper, the dynamicsimulation modeling technology of opening territorial water supply network isresearched. Meanwhile, the precision of the simulation model can be improved throughsome technical means, such as developing parameter testing device with high-precision,adaptive adjustment of boundary flow in opening territorial water supply network, etc.On the basis of that, through analyzing the basic theory of water quality modeling, theanalysis calculation of typical quality indices such as residual chlorine, turbidity, iron ion and so on is realized. Furthermore, the Water Supply Network Safety Guarantee Platformis developed and applied in opening territorial water supply network of city J, theprecision of the simulation model is verified in the study.
In the aspect of optimal operation of water supply system, the influence of watersource switching on quality in water supply network is always ignored. This paper takesthe water supply system with source switching on the middle and lower reaches of theYellow River as a research object, to analyze the causes and propose thecountermeasures of yellow water by mixing preparation experiment of two kinds offinished water which comes form yellow river and mountain reservoir respectively.Based on that, the objective function of multiple quality indexes is established withresidual chlorine and iron ion in mixing area as the control indices. Then the two-stageoptimal operation model is proposed, and the Optimal Operation Platform of UrbanWater Supply System is developed correspondingly. The model is solved byMulti-objective Evolutionary Algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ. The technology is applied in mixingarea of multi-source water supply system of city J, through optimal operationcalculating, the reliability and economy of water supply system are improved. The waterchemical-stability is enhanced and the occurrence probability of yellow water isdecreased at the same time.
In this paper, intelligent optimization technologies such as the Genetic Algorithm,Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm, Artificial Neural Network and so on areapplied to optimal distribution of source water, simulation modeling of openingterritorial water supply network, and optimal operation of water supply system withmulti-source switching. In order to guarantee the quality safety, water supply reliabilityand economy, the water safety guarantee platform is established from source to network,which provides powerful technical support for scientific operation and management ofurban water supply system.
引文
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