西安地铁区间隧道穿越地裂缝的稳定性初探
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摘要
地裂缝是西安市主要的环境地质灾害,而西安地铁六条线路都垂直或倾斜地穿过地裂缝,因此地裂缝的存在给西安地铁的修建造成了很大的困难。
本文以西安地铁二号线南门至南稍门区间隧道作为研究背景,首先分析了不同衬砌结构条件下,地裂缝对地铁区间隧道围岩稳定性的影响。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对穿越地裂缝处的区间隧道的开挖过程和支护过程进行了数值模拟。通过对比分析在毛硐状态下、施加初期支护后、施加二次衬砌后的地表沉降量、拱顶位移、围岩-支护系统的应力、隧道开挖后塑性区的分布情况,发现若不采取支护措施隧道很容易坍塌,采取初期支护后,隧道的地表沉降量和拱顶位移大大降低,但是此时的位移量均不在工程要求的范围内,只有在施加二次衬砌后才能满足工程上的需要,并且这种支护结构对隧道的稳定性最为有利。其次,运用FLAC3D软件模拟分析不同开挖方法对隧道稳定性的影响,本文主要研究了全断面开挖和台阶法开挖,分析了未采取支护、只采取初期支护、同时施加初期支护和二次衬砌条件下,两种施工方法开挖所造成的地表沉降、拱顶位移及隧道塑性区的分布。通过对比发现台阶法开挖无论从控制沉降上还是控制塑性区上都优于全断面开挖。
用本课题得出的结论指导施工,为西安地铁区间隧道穿越地裂缝施工提供了一定的参考价值和实用意义。
Ground fissure is main environment disaster in Xi’an city construction. All of the lines of the Xi'an metro pass across the ground fissure vertically or obliquely, therefore the ground fissure has caused many difficulties to the construction of the Xi'an metro.
On the basis of the geological situation of the south gate to Nanshao gate tunnel of the Xi’an metro, this paper analyzed the influence of the ground fissure on the country rock stability of the metro tunnel in the term of different lining structures. The excavation and support process of the metro tunnel was simulated by the finite difference software-FLAC3D in this paper. After comparing the ground surface settlement, crown displacement, the change of the stress of the country rock-support system, and the distribution of the plastic zone in the term of unsupport, initial support, and secondary lining, it confirmed that the tunnel would slump in the term of unsupported, but if the initial support is applied to the tunnel, the settlement of the ground surface and the crown displacement would reduce largely. But the displacement doesn’t satisfy the requirement of the engineering. After the secondary lining beening applied to the tunnel, the displacement satisfies the requirement of the engineering and the support system is advantageous to the stability of tunnel. Next, it studied primarily the different excavation methods adopted by the tunnel in the area of ground fissure, and analyzed the influence on the stability of the metro tunnel by using the infinite difference software-FLAC3D. This paper researched the influence of the full face excavation method and bench excavation method. It analyzed the ground surface settlement, crown displacement, the change of the stress of the country rock-support system, and the distribution of the plastic zone in the term of unsupported, initial support, and secondary lining. By comparing and analyzing, it concluded that the bench excavation is better than full face excavation.
The result from this subject can instruct construction, it supplies the reference value and pratical significance to the construction of the Xi’an metro.
本文以西安地铁二号线南门至南稍门区间隧道作为研究背景,首先分析了不同衬砌结构条件下,地裂缝对地铁区间隧道围岩稳定性的影响。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对穿越地裂缝处的区间隧道的开挖过程和支护过程进行了数值模拟。通过对比分析在毛硐状态下、施加初期支护后、施加二次衬砌后的地表沉降量、拱顶位移、围岩-支护系统的应力、隧道开挖后塑性区的分布情况,发现若不采取支护措施隧道很容易坍塌,采取初期支护后,隧道的地表沉降量和拱顶位移大大降低,但是此时的位移量均不在工程要求的范围内,只有在施加二次衬砌后才能满足工程上的需要,并且这种支护结构对隧道的稳定性最为有利。其次,运用FLAC3D软件模拟分析不同开挖方法对隧道稳定性的影响,本文主要研究了全断面开挖和台阶法开挖,分析了未采取支护、只采取初期支护、同时施加初期支护和二次衬砌条件下,两种施工方法开挖所造成的地表沉降、拱顶位移及隧道塑性区的分布。通过对比发现台阶法开挖无论从控制沉降上还是控制塑性区上都优于全断面开挖。
用本课题得出的结论指导施工,为西安地铁区间隧道穿越地裂缝施工提供了一定的参考价值和实用意义。
Ground fissure is main environment disaster in Xi’an city construction. All of the lines of the Xi'an metro pass across the ground fissure vertically or obliquely, therefore the ground fissure has caused many difficulties to the construction of the Xi'an metro.
On the basis of the geological situation of the south gate to Nanshao gate tunnel of the Xi’an metro, this paper analyzed the influence of the ground fissure on the country rock stability of the metro tunnel in the term of different lining structures. The excavation and support process of the metro tunnel was simulated by the finite difference software-FLAC3D in this paper. After comparing the ground surface settlement, crown displacement, the change of the stress of the country rock-support system, and the distribution of the plastic zone in the term of unsupport, initial support, and secondary lining, it confirmed that the tunnel would slump in the term of unsupported, but if the initial support is applied to the tunnel, the settlement of the ground surface and the crown displacement would reduce largely. But the displacement doesn’t satisfy the requirement of the engineering. After the secondary lining beening applied to the tunnel, the displacement satisfies the requirement of the engineering and the support system is advantageous to the stability of tunnel. Next, it studied primarily the different excavation methods adopted by the tunnel in the area of ground fissure, and analyzed the influence on the stability of the metro tunnel by using the infinite difference software-FLAC3D. This paper researched the influence of the full face excavation method and bench excavation method. It analyzed the ground surface settlement, crown displacement, the change of the stress of the country rock-support system, and the distribution of the plastic zone in the term of unsupported, initial support, and secondary lining. By comparing and analyzing, it concluded that the bench excavation is better than full face excavation.
The result from this subject can instruct construction, it supplies the reference value and pratical significance to the construction of the Xi’an metro.
引文
[1] 钟茂华.地铁施工围岩稳定性数值分析.科学出版社
[2] 杨沛敏.西安轨道交通二号线通过钟楼方案研究.基建优化,2006:27(3)
[3] 黄庆.地裂缝对西安地铁洞室围岩稳定性影响研究.[学位论文].吉林:吉林大学
[4] Peck R. b, Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. On Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Mexico city, 1969, 225~290
[5] Atewell P.B., Yeates J. and Selby A.R., Soil movements induced by tunneling and the effects on pipelines and structures, Blackie and Son, London,1986
[6] M.P.O'Reilly, B.M.New, Settlements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction, Tunnelling'82, 1982.173-181
[7] Barry M.New, M.P.O'Reilly, Tunnelling induced ground movements predicting the magnitude and effects, in:James D Geddes eds., Proc.4th International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures, Pentech Press, London,1992.671-697
[8] Fujita K.,Prediction of surface settlements caused by shield tunneling, Proc. of Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics, Mexico City, 1982. 239-246
[9] T. Nomoto, H. Mori, M. Matsumoto, Overview of ground movement during shield tunneling: A survey on Japaness shield tunneling, in: Fujita & Kusakabe eds., Proc Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Baldema, Rotterdam, 1995.345-351
[10] 刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社.1991
[11] 侯学渊,廖少明.盾构隧道沉降预估.地下工程与隧道.1993 (4)
[12] 杨立强,张中杰,林炯,王岳军.FLAC 基本原理及其在地学中的应用.地学前缘,2003 年第 10 卷(1)
[13] 龚纪文,崔建军,席先武,林炯.FLAC 数值模拟软件及其在地学中的应用.大地构造与成矿学,2002 年第 26 卷(3)
[14] 梁海波,李仲奎,谷兆棋.FLAC 程序及其在我国水电工程中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,1996 年第 15 卷(3)
[15] Toshi Nomoto, Shinichiro Imamura, et al, Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge, J.of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(4), 1999.289-299
[16] Takao Shimada et al, 隧道开挖中的地表下沉模型实验,隧道译从,1983
[17] Inose et a1, Ground settlement accompanying construction of large cross-section shield tunnels in Tokyo, Towards New World in Tunnelling, Balkema, Rottrerdam,1992
[18] 白冰,周健.土工离心模型试验技术的一些发展.西部探矿工程,2000(4)
[19] 包承纲,饶锡保.土工离心模型的试验原理.江科学院院报,1998 第 15 卷(2)
[20] 黄志全,王思敬.离心模型试验技术在我国的应用概况.石力学与工程学报,1998 年第 17 卷(2)
[21] 马亮.富水地层隧道开挖地表沉降控制的离心模型试验.南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2003
[22] 吴波,漆泰岳,高波,周振强.深圳地铁大~科区间隧道施工对近邻管线影响的三位仿真分析.道工程学报增刊,2002. 12
[23] 吴波,高波,周振强.深圳地铁区间隧道富水地层非降水施工技术研究.木工程学报,2003 ( 3 )
[24] 樊红卫.西安地铁一号线通过地裂缝对策研究.国交通运输协会城市轨道交通专业委员会首届中青年专家论文集,2006
[25] 杨育僧,杨骏.西安地铁区间隧道通过地裂缝带的方案探讨.市快轨交通,19 卷 3 期06 年 6 月
[26] 刘雪梅.地裂缝对地铁洞室稳定性影响研究.硕士论文.西安:长安大学
[27] 冯慧霞.水环境下地裂缝对西安地铁的影响.硕士论文.西安:建筑科技大学
[28] 李新生,闫文中等.西安地裂缝活动趋势分析.工程地质学报 2001 09 01
[29] 张家明.西安地裂缝研究.西安:西北大学出版社,1990
[30] 刘雪梅.西安市地裂缝的工程危害及处理措施的初步探讨.地质灾害,vol.8 No.8
[31] 索传郿等.西安地裂缝地面沉降与防治对策.《第四纪研究》2005 卷第 1 期 2005 年1 月
[32] 李保田.黄土湿陷性对西安地裂缝影响的研究.硕士论文.西安:长安大学
[33] 陕西水利科学研究所.西北黄土的性质.陕西人民出版社,1959
[34] 刘祖典.黄土力学与工程.陕西科学技术出版社,1996
[2] 杨沛敏.西安轨道交通二号线通过钟楼方案研究.基建优化,2006:27(3)
[3] 黄庆.地裂缝对西安地铁洞室围岩稳定性影响研究.[学位论文].吉林:吉林大学
[4] Peck R. b, Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. On Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Mexico city, 1969, 225~290
[5] Atewell P.B., Yeates J. and Selby A.R., Soil movements induced by tunneling and the effects on pipelines and structures, Blackie and Son, London,1986
[6] M.P.O'Reilly, B.M.New, Settlements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction, Tunnelling'82, 1982.173-181
[7] Barry M.New, M.P.O'Reilly, Tunnelling induced ground movements predicting the magnitude and effects, in:James D Geddes eds., Proc.4th International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures, Pentech Press, London,1992.671-697
[8] Fujita K.,Prediction of surface settlements caused by shield tunneling, Proc. of Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics, Mexico City, 1982. 239-246
[9] T. Nomoto, H. Mori, M. Matsumoto, Overview of ground movement during shield tunneling: A survey on Japaness shield tunneling, in: Fujita & Kusakabe eds., Proc Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Baldema, Rotterdam, 1995.345-351
[10] 刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社.1991
[11] 侯学渊,廖少明.盾构隧道沉降预估.地下工程与隧道.1993 (4)
[12] 杨立强,张中杰,林炯,王岳军.FLAC 基本原理及其在地学中的应用.地学前缘,2003 年第 10 卷(1)
[13] 龚纪文,崔建军,席先武,林炯.FLAC 数值模拟软件及其在地学中的应用.大地构造与成矿学,2002 年第 26 卷(3)
[14] 梁海波,李仲奎,谷兆棋.FLAC 程序及其在我国水电工程中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,1996 年第 15 卷(3)
[15] Toshi Nomoto, Shinichiro Imamura, et al, Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge, J.of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(4), 1999.289-299
[16] Takao Shimada et al, 隧道开挖中的地表下沉模型实验,隧道译从,1983
[17] Inose et a1, Ground settlement accompanying construction of large cross-section shield tunnels in Tokyo, Towards New World in Tunnelling, Balkema, Rottrerdam,1992
[18] 白冰,周健.土工离心模型试验技术的一些发展.西部探矿工程,2000(4)
[19] 包承纲,饶锡保.土工离心模型的试验原理.江科学院院报,1998 第 15 卷(2)
[20] 黄志全,王思敬.离心模型试验技术在我国的应用概况.石力学与工程学报,1998 年第 17 卷(2)
[21] 马亮.富水地层隧道开挖地表沉降控制的离心模型试验.南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2003
[22] 吴波,漆泰岳,高波,周振强.深圳地铁大~科区间隧道施工对近邻管线影响的三位仿真分析.道工程学报增刊,2002. 12
[23] 吴波,高波,周振强.深圳地铁区间隧道富水地层非降水施工技术研究.木工程学报,2003 ( 3 )
[24] 樊红卫.西安地铁一号线通过地裂缝对策研究.国交通运输协会城市轨道交通专业委员会首届中青年专家论文集,2006
[25] 杨育僧,杨骏.西安地铁区间隧道通过地裂缝带的方案探讨.市快轨交通,19 卷 3 期06 年 6 月
[26] 刘雪梅.地裂缝对地铁洞室稳定性影响研究.硕士论文.西安:长安大学
[27] 冯慧霞.水环境下地裂缝对西安地铁的影响.硕士论文.西安:建筑科技大学
[28] 李新生,闫文中等.西安地裂缝活动趋势分析.工程地质学报 2001 09 01
[29] 张家明.西安地裂缝研究.西安:西北大学出版社,1990
[30] 刘雪梅.西安市地裂缝的工程危害及处理措施的初步探讨.地质灾害,vol.8 No.8
[31] 索传郿等.西安地裂缝地面沉降与防治对策.《第四纪研究》2005 卷第 1 期 2005 年1 月
[32] 李保田.黄土湿陷性对西安地裂缝影响的研究.硕士论文.西安:长安大学
[33] 陕西水利科学研究所.西北黄土的性质.陕西人民出版社,1959
[34] 刘祖典.黄土力学与工程.陕西科学技术出版社,1996
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