大型商业建筑综合防火设计方法研究
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摘要
本文在分析总结我国大型商业建筑的防火设计难点及国内外相关研究现状的基础上，针对大型商业建筑室内步行街两侧商铺的火灾荷载、大型商业建筑室内步行街两侧商铺与室内步行街之间的防火分隔设计方法、大型商业建筑室内步行街排烟系统的设计方法、大型商业建筑室内步行街作为人员疏散安全区的防火设计方法展开研究。
以北京、上海、南京、西安、成都等地区的5家典型的大型商业建筑为调查对象。采用现场调查及数理统计的方法，对其室内步行街两侧商铺的火灾荷载及其分布规律进行了研究，确定了不同经营类别商铺的火灾荷载密度。
以大型商业建筑中商铺与室内步行街之间的防火分隔设计方法为研究对象。采用理论分析和火灾模拟试验等方法，对自动喷水系统保护下的钢化玻璃隔墙作为防火分隔物的可行性进行了研究，提出了保证该措施切实可行的相关设计要求。
以大型商业建筑室内步行街排烟系统的设计方法为研究对象。采用数值模拟等方法，对设定火灾场景下，烟气在室内步行街内的蔓延情况进行研究。根据研究结果，提出大型商业建筑室内步行街排烟系统的机械排烟量和自然排烟口面积的设计要求。
以大型商业建筑室内步行街作为人员疏散安全区的防火设计方法为研究对象。采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法，在防火分隔措施、自动灭火系统、排烟系统、疏散设施、外部救援条件等方面提出了大型商业建筑室内步行街作为人员疏散安全区需要满足的设计要求。
Based on the analysis of the difficult issues in the fire protection design of largescale commercial complex in China as well as the current research status of the relatedtopics at home and abroad, the thesis studied the following aspects: the fire load of theshops on the both sides of the indoor shopping street inside the large scale commercialcomplex, the fire separation methods used to separate the shops from the shoppingstreet, the design methods of the smoke exhaust system as well as the design methods ofthe indoor shopping street when it is used to be the relative safe area for occupantevacuation.
5large scale commercial complexes in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xi’an andChengdu have been chosen to be the survey objects. Methods of site investigation anddata analysis have been used to study the fire load and its distribution law of shops onboth sides of the indoor shopping street. According to the result, the fire load densitiesof shops with different category have been ascertained.
The fire separation design method between the shops and the indoor shoppingstreet has been chosen to be the first study object. Methods of theoretical analysis andfire simulation test have been used to study the feasibility of using sprinkler protectedtempered glass as the fire partition wall between the shops and the indoor shoppingstreet. Based on this, the correlative design requirements have been put forward.
The design method of the smoke exhaust system of the indoor shopping street hasbeen chosen to be the second study object. Methods of numerical simulation have beenused to study the smoke spread in the indoor shopping street under the design firescenarios. According to the result, the design methods of smoke exhaust and area ofnatural smoke vent have been put forward.
The method of fire protection design for regarding the indoor shopping street as the safe area has been chosen to be the third study object. Methods of theoretical analysisand numerical simulation have been used to study the design methods for regarding theindoor shopping street as the safe area. According to the result, the design requirementsin fire protection partition measures, sprinkler system, smoke exhaust system, means ofegress and rescue conditions have been advanced.
以北京、上海、南京、西安、成都等地区的5家典型的大型商业建筑为调查对象。采用现场调查及数理统计的方法，对其室内步行街两侧商铺的火灾荷载及其分布规律进行了研究，确定了不同经营类别商铺的火灾荷载密度。
以大型商业建筑中商铺与室内步行街之间的防火分隔设计方法为研究对象。采用理论分析和火灾模拟试验等方法，对自动喷水系统保护下的钢化玻璃隔墙作为防火分隔物的可行性进行了研究，提出了保证该措施切实可行的相关设计要求。
以大型商业建筑室内步行街排烟系统的设计方法为研究对象。采用数值模拟等方法，对设定火灾场景下，烟气在室内步行街内的蔓延情况进行研究。根据研究结果，提出大型商业建筑室内步行街排烟系统的机械排烟量和自然排烟口面积的设计要求。
以大型商业建筑室内步行街作为人员疏散安全区的防火设计方法为研究对象。采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法，在防火分隔措施、自动灭火系统、排烟系统、疏散设施、外部救援条件等方面提出了大型商业建筑室内步行街作为人员疏散安全区需要满足的设计要求。
Based on the analysis of the difficult issues in the fire protection design of largescale commercial complex in China as well as the current research status of the relatedtopics at home and abroad, the thesis studied the following aspects: the fire load of theshops on the both sides of the indoor shopping street inside the large scale commercialcomplex, the fire separation methods used to separate the shops from the shoppingstreet, the design methods of the smoke exhaust system as well as the design methods ofthe indoor shopping street when it is used to be the relative safe area for occupantevacuation.
5large scale commercial complexes in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xi’an andChengdu have been chosen to be the survey objects. Methods of site investigation anddata analysis have been used to study the fire load and its distribution law of shops onboth sides of the indoor shopping street. According to the result, the fire load densitiesof shops with different category have been ascertained.
The fire separation design method between the shops and the indoor shoppingstreet has been chosen to be the first study object. Methods of theoretical analysis andfire simulation test have been used to study the feasibility of using sprinkler protectedtempered glass as the fire partition wall between the shops and the indoor shoppingstreet. Based on this, the correlative design requirements have been put forward.
The design method of the smoke exhaust system of the indoor shopping street hasbeen chosen to be the second study object. Methods of numerical simulation have beenused to study the smoke spread in the indoor shopping street under the design firescenarios. According to the result, the design methods of smoke exhaust and area ofnatural smoke vent have been put forward.
The method of fire protection design for regarding the indoor shopping street as the safe area has been chosen to be the third study object. Methods of theoretical analysisand numerical simulation have been used to study the design methods for regarding theindoor shopping street as the safe area. According to the result, the design requirementsin fire protection partition measures, sprinkler system, smoke exhaust system, means ofegress and rescue conditions have been advanced.
引文
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