太阳能热风采暖系统与村镇建筑一体化研究
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摘要
太阳能热利用技术是太阳能利用的一个重要途径,它的合理应用可以有效地解决能源紧张问题。太阳能热风采暖系统以其优越的特色,可以弥补热水系统在投资、冷冻、泄漏、启动速度等方面的缺憾,更易于实现与建筑的一体化,宜在村镇建筑中得到广泛应用。在此前提下,本文对太阳能热风采暖系统与村镇建筑一体化进行了研究,重点在于优化热风采暖系统的结构参数和进口参数。
第一,在加拿大Conserval公司设计的Solar Wall基础上进行改进,研制开发了一种无盖板冲缝型空气集热器,建立了数学模型,并进行了实验验证,进而模拟分析了外界参数对集热器热效率的影响。
第二,针对无盖板冲缝型集热器的缺点,进一步提出了盖板式冲缝型空气集热器,并分别对普通玻璃和真空玻璃盖板式集热器进行了理论和实验研究,提出了以有效效率作为评价指标,并结合热效率和空气进出口温升,找到了结构参数和进口参数的优化范围,回归得到了局部阻力系数的经验关系式,证明了这种集热器的优越性;对比两者的性能,发现真空玻璃盖板式集热器的应用效果更好。
第三,综合考虑工作介质和村镇建筑的特点,确定了以卵石作为蓄热材料。以平均蓄热功率和流动阻力为评价指标,研究了不同结构参数和进口参数对蓄热器性能的影响。
第四,总结了太阳能建筑对应用场所和建筑构型的要求,分析了窗户开启形式和开启角度对建筑节能和自然通风的影响;研究了遮阳设施对于保证太阳能建筑夏季正常使用的重要性,开发了独立可执行程序,为不同地区、不同建筑尺寸的挑檐构型优化提供了方便、实用的操作工具。
第五,利用频域回归法计算反应系数,建立了房间内部的动态热平衡方程组,并进行了模型验证;选择一个虚拟太阳能建筑作为模拟对象,研究了集热器面积、蓄热器体积和集热器的吸热板发射率对太阳能保证率的影响。结果表明,在经济条件允许的情况下,应尽量增大集热器面积;在集热器面积一定时,存在合适的蓄热器体积;选择性涂层对系统性能影响很大,应着力开发研究。总体而言,若设计合理,热风采暖系统的太阳能保证率是很高的,可以在初投资较小的情况下,实现提高村镇人民生活水平的目的,同时对村镇建筑的节能减排工作起到良好的促进作用。
Solar thermal technology is an important way to use solar energy and its rational use could effectively solve the prolem of energy shortage. Solar hot air heating system with its superior features, could make up shortcomings of solar hot water system, such as investment, freezing, leakage, slow startup, etc, and should be widely used. For this, this paper studied integeration of solar hot air heating sysem with villages building, mainly to optimize structural and import parameters of system.
Firstly, on the basis of Solar Wall designed by Conserval Corporation, the paper proposed a new type of collector - unglazed transpired air collector with slit-like perforations. Through mathematical model built, external parameters on its thermal efficiency were analyzed.
Secondly, in view of shortcomings of unglazed transpired air collector with slit-like perforations, the paper further proposed a glazed transpired collector with slit-like perforation, and studied performance of collectors respectively with ordinary and vacuum glass cover theoretically and experimentally. Here, effective efficiency was raised and combined with thermal efficiency and temperature difference of air inlet and outlet as evaluation indexes, to find out optimized values of structural and import parameters. Using experimental results, empirical relationship of local resistance coefficient was regressed, which proved the collector’s superiority. Compared ordinary glass cover collector to vacuum-type, the performance of latter was found to be better.
Thirdly, considering characteristics of system working medium and villages, the paper determined pebbles as heat storage material. Taking average heat storage power and pressure loss as evaluation indexes, structural and import parameters on the regenerator performance were studied.
Fourthly, requirements of solar building on site and building configuration were summarized, and impact of window opening form and angle on building energy-saving and natural ventilation were analyzed. In view of vital importance of shading on summer heat-resistant, the paper developed an executable programming for visualization design of roof overhang, providing a convenient, practical operational tool for different building structure and size.
Finally, using frequency domain regression method to calculate response coefficients, the paper established dynamic heat balance equations of building, which was verified by experimental results. On the basis of study on air collector and regenerator, the paper took a building with rational configuration as simulation object, and analyzed effects of collector area, regenerator volume and absorber plate emissivity on solar fraction. The results showed that on the promise of economic conditions permit, collector area should be increased, and with constant collector area, there existed proper regenerator volume. Besides, selectively coating should be mainly studied, which was very important for system performance. Overall, if designed reasonally, solar fraction of hot air heating system was very high, and in view of its economic, it should be popularized in village buildings, which could accelerate the work of energy saving and emission reduction in villages.
第一,在加拿大Conserval公司设计的Solar Wall基础上进行改进,研制开发了一种无盖板冲缝型空气集热器,建立了数学模型,并进行了实验验证,进而模拟分析了外界参数对集热器热效率的影响。
第二,针对无盖板冲缝型集热器的缺点,进一步提出了盖板式冲缝型空气集热器,并分别对普通玻璃和真空玻璃盖板式集热器进行了理论和实验研究,提出了以有效效率作为评价指标,并结合热效率和空气进出口温升,找到了结构参数和进口参数的优化范围,回归得到了局部阻力系数的经验关系式,证明了这种集热器的优越性;对比两者的性能,发现真空玻璃盖板式集热器的应用效果更好。
第三,综合考虑工作介质和村镇建筑的特点,确定了以卵石作为蓄热材料。以平均蓄热功率和流动阻力为评价指标,研究了不同结构参数和进口参数对蓄热器性能的影响。
第四,总结了太阳能建筑对应用场所和建筑构型的要求,分析了窗户开启形式和开启角度对建筑节能和自然通风的影响;研究了遮阳设施对于保证太阳能建筑夏季正常使用的重要性,开发了独立可执行程序,为不同地区、不同建筑尺寸的挑檐构型优化提供了方便、实用的操作工具。
第五,利用频域回归法计算反应系数,建立了房间内部的动态热平衡方程组,并进行了模型验证;选择一个虚拟太阳能建筑作为模拟对象,研究了集热器面积、蓄热器体积和集热器的吸热板发射率对太阳能保证率的影响。结果表明,在经济条件允许的情况下,应尽量增大集热器面积;在集热器面积一定时,存在合适的蓄热器体积;选择性涂层对系统性能影响很大,应着力开发研究。总体而言,若设计合理,热风采暖系统的太阳能保证率是很高的,可以在初投资较小的情况下,实现提高村镇人民生活水平的目的,同时对村镇建筑的节能减排工作起到良好的促进作用。
Solar thermal technology is an important way to use solar energy and its rational use could effectively solve the prolem of energy shortage. Solar hot air heating system with its superior features, could make up shortcomings of solar hot water system, such as investment, freezing, leakage, slow startup, etc, and should be widely used. For this, this paper studied integeration of solar hot air heating sysem with villages building, mainly to optimize structural and import parameters of system.
Firstly, on the basis of Solar Wall designed by Conserval Corporation, the paper proposed a new type of collector - unglazed transpired air collector with slit-like perforations. Through mathematical model built, external parameters on its thermal efficiency were analyzed.
Secondly, in view of shortcomings of unglazed transpired air collector with slit-like perforations, the paper further proposed a glazed transpired collector with slit-like perforation, and studied performance of collectors respectively with ordinary and vacuum glass cover theoretically and experimentally. Here, effective efficiency was raised and combined with thermal efficiency and temperature difference of air inlet and outlet as evaluation indexes, to find out optimized values of structural and import parameters. Using experimental results, empirical relationship of local resistance coefficient was regressed, which proved the collector’s superiority. Compared ordinary glass cover collector to vacuum-type, the performance of latter was found to be better.
Thirdly, considering characteristics of system working medium and villages, the paper determined pebbles as heat storage material. Taking average heat storage power and pressure loss as evaluation indexes, structural and import parameters on the regenerator performance were studied.
Fourthly, requirements of solar building on site and building configuration were summarized, and impact of window opening form and angle on building energy-saving and natural ventilation were analyzed. In view of vital importance of shading on summer heat-resistant, the paper developed an executable programming for visualization design of roof overhang, providing a convenient, practical operational tool for different building structure and size.
Finally, using frequency domain regression method to calculate response coefficients, the paper established dynamic heat balance equations of building, which was verified by experimental results. On the basis of study on air collector and regenerator, the paper took a building with rational configuration as simulation object, and analyzed effects of collector area, regenerator volume and absorber plate emissivity on solar fraction. The results showed that on the promise of economic conditions permit, collector area should be increased, and with constant collector area, there existed proper regenerator volume. Besides, selectively coating should be mainly studied, which was very important for system performance. Overall, if designed reasonally, solar fraction of hot air heating system was very high, and in view of its economic, it should be popularized in village buildings, which could accelerate the work of energy saving and emission reduction in villages.
引文
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