翅果油树扦插繁殖技术及生根机理研究
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摘要
随着人口增长、耕地资源日益稀缺以及生活水平的提高，开发木本食用油已成为许多国家满足食用油需求的重要途径之一。对于中国这样的发展中人口大国，无论从满足人民日益增长的食油需要，还是从农业产业和产品结构调整来看，积极开发利用木本油料都对我国具有十分重要的现实意义。
翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels．)属胡颓子科、胡颓子属，是我国特有珍稀木本油料树种。鉴于其在食品、医药等方面的多种用途，已成为山西省丘陵山区最重要的经济开发树种。在翅果油树开发过程中，优质壮苗不足已经成为生产中加快油料林营造的障碍。为此，本文通过对翅果油树硬枝和嫩枝扦插繁殖技术的研究，结合对嫩枝扦插生根机理的探讨，旨在为翅果油树的高效培育和开发利用提供理论和技术依据。主要研究结论如下：
(1)以硬枝为材料，通过正交试验研究了影响扦插生根的因素。结果表明，硬枝扦插的最佳组合为A_2B_2C_3D_3E_4，即选择15cm的上段插穗，用500 mg／L的IBA溶液处理插穗基部20 min，以蛭石为基质进行扦插育苗效果好。硬枝插穗最高生根率为39.33％，属于愈伤组织生根型，根系不发达，产生愈伤组织与翅果油树硬枝扦插生根关系密切。通过对不同时期和不同枝段的硬枝扦插试验可知：生产中硬枝扦插应优先选用枝条的上段。扦插时间不宜太晚，应在3月中上旬进行。以上试验材料均采自6年实生树的一年生萌蘖。
(2)以一年生嫩枝新稍为材料，通过完全随机区组试验研究了影响扦插生根的因素。结果表明：采用2年生母树枝条当年生新梢的中段，用500 mg／L IBA浸泡插穗基部1 min，生根效果最好，生根率达到82％。其余试验材料均采自6年生母树，用3000mg／L IBA溶液调制泥浆处理插穗生根效果最好，生根率为64％；用100mg／LIBA溶液处理插穗4h，生根率为62％，生根效果也较好。以上试验所用基质均为珍珠岩：蛭石=1∶1。在其他条件相同的前提下，分别采用不同插穗规格、扦插基质和扦插时期，得到3个因素的最佳水平分别为：长9～13cm、直径为0.3～0.5cm的插穗，珍珠岩：蛭石=1∶1，在6月中旬扦插较适宜。
(3)对翅果油树嫩枝扦插生理学基础研究表明，嫩枝插条中IAA含量、Z含量、IAA／ABA比值与生根率呈正相关关系；ABA含量与生根率呈负相关关系；GA_3含量及Z／IAA比值与生根率的关系不大。扦插前插穗酚类物质含量与生根的关系不大；在扦插生根的整个过程中，插穗酚类含量均与生根率呈负相关关系。扦插前插条营养物质含量及C／N比值高低并不是不定根形成的决定因素；翅果油树生根过程中插穗营养物质含量及C／N比值与生根率密切相关，在生根过程中插穗营养物质含量及C／N比值高有利于生根。
With the increase of population, the increasing rarity of plantation resources and the improvement of living standards, the development of woody oil has already become one of the main approaches to meet the needs of edible oil in many countries. As for China, a developing country with a large amount of population, there are many great realistic significances in developing and utilizing woody oil plants not only for meeting its increasing needs of edible oil but for its adjustment of agricultural industry and product structure.
Elaeagnus mollis Diels, belonging to Elaeagnus, Elaeagnaceae, is a rare woody oil tree species, which has already become the most important economic tree in mountainous regions of Shanxi province in view of its multiple uses in foodstuff, health and medicine, and so on. The shortage of good seedlings was an obstacle to accelerate the plantation of Elaeagnus mollis Diels. during its exploitation. In order to meet the needs of nursery stock and provide the technological basis for effective cultivation and utilization of Elaeagnus mollis Diels., we studied the cutting propagation techniques and the rooting mechanism of green-wood cutting in physiology. The following results were documented:
(1) The effects of different treatments on hard-wood rooting were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results showed: the combination of A_2B_2C_3D_3E_4 was optimized for hard-wood cuttings. In another word, the cuttings were optimal in upper crown with a length of 15 cm, treated by IBA in concentration of 500 mg/L for 20 minutes and then cut into medium of vermiculite. It was difficult to root for hard-wood cuttings at the maximal rooting rate of 39.33%. In addition, rooting of hard-wood cuttings has a close relation to callus as callus rooting type. From the hard-wood cutting experiments, which used one-year-old stump shoots from six-year-old mother trees as materials, on different time and different branches, we made the following conclusions: it was preferential to choose upper crown as hard-wood cuttings in production, and the proper cutting time was early or mid March and could not be too late.
(2) The effects of different treatments on green-wood rooting were studied by completely random designs. The results showed: it was the best to select middle crown of new shoots from 2-year-old mother trees as materials, treated by IBA in concentration of 500 mg/L for 1 minute with a rooting rate of 82%. The 6-year-old mother trees were select- ed as materials in other experiments, of which the two highest rooting rate reached at 64% and 62%, the combinations were: the cuttings were treated by IBA in concentration of 3000 mg/L mixed with muddles for 1 minute and the cuttings were treated by IBA in concentration of 100 mg/L for 4h, respectively. The cutting media of the experiments mentioned above were the compound media of vermiculite and peat at a ratio of 1:1 in volume. In addition, from the experiments on the size of cuttings, the time of cutting and the cutting media, we could make a conclusion that: under the same other conditions, the best level of three factors were cuttings with a length of 9～13 cm and a diameter of 0.3～0.5 cm, cut on mid of June and the compound media of vermiculite and peat at a ratio of 1:1 in volume, respectively.
(3) The study on physiology of green-wood cutting showed: The contents of IAA, Z and ratio of IAA/ABA in green-wood cuttings are positively correlated with rooting rate, the content of ABA is negatively correlated with rooting rate. The relation between GA_3 or the ratio of Z/IAA and rooting rate is not certain. The relation between content of phenol in cuttings before cutting and rooting rate is not certain. During the whole rooting period, the content of phenol in green-wood cuttings is negatively correlated with rooting rate. The content of nutritious substance and ratio of C/N in cuttings before cutting are not critical to rooting rate. The nutritious substance content and ratio of C/N in green cuttings were positively correlated with rooting rate during the whole rooting period.
翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels．)属胡颓子科、胡颓子属，是我国特有珍稀木本油料树种。鉴于其在食品、医药等方面的多种用途，已成为山西省丘陵山区最重要的经济开发树种。在翅果油树开发过程中，优质壮苗不足已经成为生产中加快油料林营造的障碍。为此，本文通过对翅果油树硬枝和嫩枝扦插繁殖技术的研究，结合对嫩枝扦插生根机理的探讨，旨在为翅果油树的高效培育和开发利用提供理论和技术依据。主要研究结论如下：
(1)以硬枝为材料，通过正交试验研究了影响扦插生根的因素。结果表明，硬枝扦插的最佳组合为A_2B_2C_3D_3E_4，即选择15cm的上段插穗，用500 mg／L的IBA溶液处理插穗基部20 min，以蛭石为基质进行扦插育苗效果好。硬枝插穗最高生根率为39.33％，属于愈伤组织生根型，根系不发达，产生愈伤组织与翅果油树硬枝扦插生根关系密切。通过对不同时期和不同枝段的硬枝扦插试验可知：生产中硬枝扦插应优先选用枝条的上段。扦插时间不宜太晚，应在3月中上旬进行。以上试验材料均采自6年实生树的一年生萌蘖。
(2)以一年生嫩枝新稍为材料，通过完全随机区组试验研究了影响扦插生根的因素。结果表明：采用2年生母树枝条当年生新梢的中段，用500 mg／L IBA浸泡插穗基部1 min，生根效果最好，生根率达到82％。其余试验材料均采自6年生母树，用3000mg／L IBA溶液调制泥浆处理插穗生根效果最好，生根率为64％；用100mg／LIBA溶液处理插穗4h，生根率为62％，生根效果也较好。以上试验所用基质均为珍珠岩：蛭石=1∶1。在其他条件相同的前提下，分别采用不同插穗规格、扦插基质和扦插时期，得到3个因素的最佳水平分别为：长9～13cm、直径为0.3～0.5cm的插穗，珍珠岩：蛭石=1∶1，在6月中旬扦插较适宜。
(3)对翅果油树嫩枝扦插生理学基础研究表明，嫩枝插条中IAA含量、Z含量、IAA／ABA比值与生根率呈正相关关系；ABA含量与生根率呈负相关关系；GA_3含量及Z／IAA比值与生根率的关系不大。扦插前插穗酚类物质含量与生根的关系不大；在扦插生根的整个过程中，插穗酚类含量均与生根率呈负相关关系。扦插前插条营养物质含量及C／N比值高低并不是不定根形成的决定因素；翅果油树生根过程中插穗营养物质含量及C／N比值与生根率密切相关，在生根过程中插穗营养物质含量及C／N比值高有利于生根。
With the increase of population, the increasing rarity of plantation resources and the improvement of living standards, the development of woody oil has already become one of the main approaches to meet the needs of edible oil in many countries. As for China, a developing country with a large amount of population, there are many great realistic significances in developing and utilizing woody oil plants not only for meeting its increasing needs of edible oil but for its adjustment of agricultural industry and product structure.
Elaeagnus mollis Diels, belonging to Elaeagnus, Elaeagnaceae, is a rare woody oil tree species, which has already become the most important economic tree in mountainous regions of Shanxi province in view of its multiple uses in foodstuff, health and medicine, and so on. The shortage of good seedlings was an obstacle to accelerate the plantation of Elaeagnus mollis Diels. during its exploitation. In order to meet the needs of nursery stock and provide the technological basis for effective cultivation and utilization of Elaeagnus mollis Diels., we studied the cutting propagation techniques and the rooting mechanism of green-wood cutting in physiology. The following results were documented:
(1) The effects of different treatments on hard-wood rooting were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results showed: the combination of A_2B_2C_3D_3E_4 was optimized for hard-wood cuttings. In another word, the cuttings were optimal in upper crown with a length of 15 cm, treated by IBA in concentration of 500 mg/L for 20 minutes and then cut into medium of vermiculite. It was difficult to root for hard-wood cuttings at the maximal rooting rate of 39.33%. In addition, rooting of hard-wood cuttings has a close relation to callus as callus rooting type. From the hard-wood cutting experiments, which used one-year-old stump shoots from six-year-old mother trees as materials, on different time and different branches, we made the following conclusions: it was preferential to choose upper crown as hard-wood cuttings in production, and the proper cutting time was early or mid March and could not be too late.
(2) The effects of different treatments on green-wood rooting were studied by completely random designs. The results showed: it was the best to select middle crown of new shoots from 2-year-old mother trees as materials, treated by IBA in concentration of 500 mg/L for 1 minute with a rooting rate of 82%. The 6-year-old mother trees were select- ed as materials in other experiments, of which the two highest rooting rate reached at 64% and 62%, the combinations were: the cuttings were treated by IBA in concentration of 3000 mg/L mixed with muddles for 1 minute and the cuttings were treated by IBA in concentration of 100 mg/L for 4h, respectively. The cutting media of the experiments mentioned above were the compound media of vermiculite and peat at a ratio of 1:1 in volume. In addition, from the experiments on the size of cuttings, the time of cutting and the cutting media, we could make a conclusion that: under the same other conditions, the best level of three factors were cuttings with a length of 9～13 cm and a diameter of 0.3～0.5 cm, cut on mid of June and the compound media of vermiculite and peat at a ratio of 1:1 in volume, respectively.
(3) The study on physiology of green-wood cutting showed: The contents of IAA, Z and ratio of IAA/ABA in green-wood cuttings are positively correlated with rooting rate, the content of ABA is negatively correlated with rooting rate. The relation between GA_3 or the ratio of Z/IAA and rooting rate is not certain. The relation between content of phenol in cuttings before cutting and rooting rate is not certain. During the whole rooting period, the content of phenol in green-wood cuttings is negatively correlated with rooting rate. The content of nutritious substance and ratio of C/N in cuttings before cutting are not critical to rooting rate. The nutritious substance content and ratio of C/N in green cuttings were positively correlated with rooting rate during the whole rooting period.
引文
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