南海对于台风伊布都响应的数值研究
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摘要
台风是发生在海洋上的强烈天气系统,是海气相互作用最为直观的表现形式。台风产生的海面气旋式风应力以及强烈的混合过程,对上层海洋与深层海水之间的热量、能量和物质交换产生重大影响,因此研究海洋对于台风过程的响应特征具有重要的科学意义。
首先,采用海浪模式WWATCH-Ⅲ模拟计算了台风伊布都期间南海的波浪场。结果表明:随着台风中心向西移动,最大浪高区域也逐渐向西移动。接近台风中心的波高和波龄都较大,而远离台风中心的波高则相对较小、波浪比较年轻,并且波高的分布具有明显的右偏性。同时,对考虑了波浪作用的海面风应力进行了计算,为后续的海洋模式的计算奠定了基础。
其次,采用上述计算的海面风应力作为POM模式的驱动,研究了南海流场和温度对于台风的响应。结果表明:台风过后,海洋表面温度下降2～6°C ,且在台风路径两侧不对称,具有明显的右偏性。受台风强混合作用的影响,混合层加深10～60m ,上混合层热量损失约824.78W /m~2,其中垂向混合是造成热量损失的主导动力因素。由于受上混合层热通量输送的影响,混合层以下附近水层处于增温状态,海水温度做近惯性波动。同时,台风还能引起强烈的近惯性流,最大流速出现在上混合层,可达1.4m /s。
最后,对论文的研究工作进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Typhoon is a strong atmosphere system happened above the ocean, which is the most intuitionistic expression of air-sea interaction. The cyclonic stress on the sea surface and the strong mixing processes forced by the typhoon play an important role in the processes of the heat, energy and mass exchange between the upper ocean and the deep ocean. Therefore, the study of the ocean response to the typhoon is an important scientific issue.
Firstly, the wave field of the South China Sea (SCS) during the process of Typhoon Imbudo is calculated by the WWATCH-Ⅲmodel. The results indicate that the max field of significant wave height (SWH) travels west as the typhoon moves to the westward. The SWH and wave age is larger at the typhoon center. And far away from the typhoon center, the SWH becomes smaller and the wave becomes younger. At the same time, the SWH is larger by the right side of the typhoon track. Furthermore, the wind stress at the sea surface is calculated considering the wave introduced stress as a base of circulation model.
Then, the response of the SCS to Typhoon Imbudo is examined using POM model, which is driven by the wind stress calculated above by the wave model. The results indicate that SST decreases by2～6°C with a rightward-biased response as Typhoon Imbudo passes across the SCS. Due to a strong mixing process, the mixed layer (ML) depth deepens as much as 10～60m and ML heat budget loses 824.78W /m~2, which is dominated by the vertical mixing. By the response of upper ML heat transport, the temperature below the ML increases and oscillates near the inertial period. Furthermore, strong inertial currents are generated by the storm with the max currents up to 1.4 m/s in the upper ML.
Finally, the conclusions are drawn and several prospects of future study are formulated.
首先,采用海浪模式WWATCH-Ⅲ模拟计算了台风伊布都期间南海的波浪场。结果表明:随着台风中心向西移动,最大浪高区域也逐渐向西移动。接近台风中心的波高和波龄都较大,而远离台风中心的波高则相对较小、波浪比较年轻,并且波高的分布具有明显的右偏性。同时,对考虑了波浪作用的海面风应力进行了计算,为后续的海洋模式的计算奠定了基础。
其次,采用上述计算的海面风应力作为POM模式的驱动,研究了南海流场和温度对于台风的响应。结果表明:台风过后,海洋表面温度下降2～6°C ,且在台风路径两侧不对称,具有明显的右偏性。受台风强混合作用的影响,混合层加深10～60m ,上混合层热量损失约824.78W /m~2,其中垂向混合是造成热量损失的主导动力因素。由于受上混合层热通量输送的影响,混合层以下附近水层处于增温状态,海水温度做近惯性波动。同时,台风还能引起强烈的近惯性流,最大流速出现在上混合层,可达1.4m /s。
最后,对论文的研究工作进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Typhoon is a strong atmosphere system happened above the ocean, which is the most intuitionistic expression of air-sea interaction. The cyclonic stress on the sea surface and the strong mixing processes forced by the typhoon play an important role in the processes of the heat, energy and mass exchange between the upper ocean and the deep ocean. Therefore, the study of the ocean response to the typhoon is an important scientific issue.
Firstly, the wave field of the South China Sea (SCS) during the process of Typhoon Imbudo is calculated by the WWATCH-Ⅲmodel. The results indicate that the max field of significant wave height (SWH) travels west as the typhoon moves to the westward. The SWH and wave age is larger at the typhoon center. And far away from the typhoon center, the SWH becomes smaller and the wave becomes younger. At the same time, the SWH is larger by the right side of the typhoon track. Furthermore, the wind stress at the sea surface is calculated considering the wave introduced stress as a base of circulation model.
Then, the response of the SCS to Typhoon Imbudo is examined using POM model, which is driven by the wind stress calculated above by the wave model. The results indicate that SST decreases by2～6°C with a rightward-biased response as Typhoon Imbudo passes across the SCS. Due to a strong mixing process, the mixed layer (ML) depth deepens as much as 10～60m and ML heat budget loses 824.78W /m~2, which is dominated by the vertical mixing. By the response of upper ML heat transport, the temperature below the ML increases and oscillates near the inertial period. Furthermore, strong inertial currents are generated by the storm with the max currents up to 1.4 m/s in the upper ML.
Finally, the conclusions are drawn and several prospects of future study are formulated.
引文
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