工业以太网技术在变电站自动化系统中的实时性研究
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摘要
通信是变电站自动化系统的关键,通信网络信息传输的实时性、确定性和可靠性决定了变电站自动化系统的可用性。随着变电站自动化系统的日趋复杂,旧有的现场总线控制系统通信速率低,标准不统一,已经不能满足需求,需要使用新的高性能的通信技术。工业以太网应用广泛,通信速率高,价格低廉,标准开放,已经成为变电站自动化系统过程总线和站级总线新一代通信网络的首选。
共享式以太网技术遵循CSMA/CD介质访问控制方式,信息传输的实时性和确定性都无法得到保证,而交换式以太网技术能缩小甚至消除冲突域,提供更好的网络带宽,更好的实时性,更自由的网络结构,可以作为新一代的变电站自动化系统的通信技术。
论文通过分析基于IEC61850标准的变电站自动化系统的通信结构、数据接口和信息类别,给出了变电站自动化系统的信息传输需求;结合网络交换的关键技术和变电站自动化系统的通信特点,搭建了采用全双工交换式以太网的变电站自动化系统通信模型和模拟不同信息类别的报文模型,用OPNET网络仿真的方法分析了不同网络结构的实时性和可靠性,讨论了不同网络结构的优缺点;分析了采用以太网技术后一些高层协议的应用,并对传输介质和本质安全的问题进行了讨论。论文为更好地发挥通信网络的传输能力,提高变电站自动化的性能提供了依据,研究结果对于变电站自动化系统网络通信的设计具有参考意义。
Communication is the key technique of Substation Automation System (SAS) . The real- time performance, confirmability and reliability of information transmission in commumication network decide the usability of SAS. With SAS changed to more and more complex, the older FCS can't achieve the reqirments because of low speed and disunites of standards, and it needs new high performance communication technology to be used. Because of extensive application, high speed and open standard, industrial Ethernet becomes the first choice of new generation communication network in process bus and inter-station bus of SAS.Shared Ethernet is followed CSMA/CD MAC, so the real-time performance and confirmability of transmission has no assurances. Switched Ethernet can minish or eliminate the collision domain, and it can provide wider network bandwidth, higher real-time performance, freer network configuration, so it can be presented for new communication technology of SAS.In this paper, via analysing the configuration of network, interfaces of data and types of information in SAS, the reqirments of information transmission in SAS is presented. Associated the key techniques of switched Ethernet and the features of SAS communication, the models of SAS communication using full-duplex switched Ethernet and the message models to simulate different information types are built. Using network simulation by OPNET, the real-time performance and reliability of different network configuration is analyed, strongpoint and weakpoint of different network configuration is discussed. In this paper, some application of high Ethernet protocol is discussed, and the transmission media and essential security is also analysed. This paper provides the proof of increasing transmission ability of network and increasing performance of SAS, so the reseach results are significative for design of SAS communication network.
共享式以太网技术遵循CSMA/CD介质访问控制方式,信息传输的实时性和确定性都无法得到保证,而交换式以太网技术能缩小甚至消除冲突域,提供更好的网络带宽,更好的实时性,更自由的网络结构,可以作为新一代的变电站自动化系统的通信技术。
论文通过分析基于IEC61850标准的变电站自动化系统的通信结构、数据接口和信息类别,给出了变电站自动化系统的信息传输需求;结合网络交换的关键技术和变电站自动化系统的通信特点,搭建了采用全双工交换式以太网的变电站自动化系统通信模型和模拟不同信息类别的报文模型,用OPNET网络仿真的方法分析了不同网络结构的实时性和可靠性,讨论了不同网络结构的优缺点;分析了采用以太网技术后一些高层协议的应用,并对传输介质和本质安全的问题进行了讨论。论文为更好地发挥通信网络的传输能力,提高变电站自动化的性能提供了依据,研究结果对于变电站自动化系统网络通信的设计具有参考意义。
Communication is the key technique of Substation Automation System (SAS) . The real- time performance, confirmability and reliability of information transmission in commumication network decide the usability of SAS. With SAS changed to more and more complex, the older FCS can't achieve the reqirments because of low speed and disunites of standards, and it needs new high performance communication technology to be used. Because of extensive application, high speed and open standard, industrial Ethernet becomes the first choice of new generation communication network in process bus and inter-station bus of SAS.Shared Ethernet is followed CSMA/CD MAC, so the real-time performance and confirmability of transmission has no assurances. Switched Ethernet can minish or eliminate the collision domain, and it can provide wider network bandwidth, higher real-time performance, freer network configuration, so it can be presented for new communication technology of SAS.In this paper, via analysing the configuration of network, interfaces of data and types of information in SAS, the reqirments of information transmission in SAS is presented. Associated the key techniques of switched Ethernet and the features of SAS communication, the models of SAS communication using full-duplex switched Ethernet and the message models to simulate different information types are built. Using network simulation by OPNET, the real-time performance and reliability of different network configuration is analyed, strongpoint and weakpoint of different network configuration is discussed. In this paper, some application of high Ethernet protocol is discussed, and the transmission media and essential security is also analysed. This paper provides the proof of increasing transmission ability of network and increasing performance of SAS, so the reseach results are significative for design of SAS communication network.
引文
[01] 赵祖康,徐石明.变电站自动化技术综述[J].电力自动化设备.2000,20:38—42
[02] 陈文升.变电站自动化系统内部网络通信技术的研究[D].华北电力大学,2002
[03] 任雁铭.变电站计算机通信网络和系统的研究[D].华北电力大学,2000
[04] 宋子强.以太网在变电站自动化中的应用[J].供用电.2004,4:38—40
[05] Sun Jun-ping, Sheng Wan-xing, Wang Sun-an, and Wu Ke-gong. Substa tion Automation High Speed Network Communication Platform Based on MMS+TCP/IP+Ethernet. IEEE 2002
[06] IEC61158,测量和控制数字数据通信工业控制系统用现场总线标准[S].
[07] 周明.现场总线控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[08] 孙军平,盛万兴,王孙安.新一代变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,3:16—19
[09] 傅钦翠.变电站自动化系统的内部通信网[J].电气电子学报.2004,10:63—65
[10] 沈钢,李勇男,魏震等.新型实时以太网介质访问控制协议的仿真实现[J].系统仿真学报,Vol14,2002,7:890—893
[11] 谭文恕.电力系统无缝通信系统体系[J].电力自动化设备.2001,Vol.21,11:1—4
[12] 谷米,贺仁睦.变电站通信网络性能的仿真研究[J].电网技术.2000,6:70—74
[13] Yahya Al-Salqan, Cheoul-Shin Kang. A Simulation Study of a CSMA/CD with Connected Data Links. IEEE 1991
[14] Tobagi, Hunt. Performance analysis of carrier sence multiple access with detection[J].Computer Network, 1980,4
[15] (美)LiamB.Quinn,RichardG.Russell著.快速以太网[M].邝坚等译.人民邮电出版社,1999.8
[16] (美)Gilbert Held著.以太网[M].戴志涛.郑岩译.第三版.人民邮电出版社,1999.8
[17] (美)Breyer,Robert&Riley,Sean著.交换式以太网和快速型以太网[M].肖文贵等译.电子工业出版社,1996.2
[18] 阳宪惠.工业数据通信与控制网络[M].清华大学出版社.2003,6
[19] 杨晓东.现场总线技术在变电站综合自动化中的应用[J].广东电力.2002,15(4):45—47
[20] 潘莹玉.现场总线技术及其在变电站综合自动化系统中的应用[J].电力系统通信.1998,1:30—35
[21] 应晓蕊.工业以太网的实时性研究及系统设计[D].浙江大学,2004
[22] 冯冬芹,黄文君.工业通信网络与系统集成[M].科学出社,2005.1
[23] 邵小强.基于Ethernet构架的变电站信息流量控制与OPNET仿真研究[D].西安科技大学,2005
[24] SKEIE T, JOHANNESSEN S, Brunner C. Ethernet in Substation Automation. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 2002, 3(22): 43-51
[25] 黄文君等.实时控制系统网络设计[J].机电工程,2000,17(3):77—80
[26] 任雁铭,秦立军,杨奇逊等.变电站自动化系统中内部通信网的研究[J].电网技术,2000,25,(5):42—44
[27] 吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.变电站通信网络实时性能仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,8:45—49
[28] 沈宏涛.基于以太网的变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2005
[29] IEC61850. Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S], Part1—10.
[30] B Shephard, MC Janssen, H Schubert. Standardised Communication in Substation[J]. Developments in Power System Protection, Conferen ce Publication No. 479, IEEE 2001
[31] 任雁铭,秦立军,杨奇逊.IEC61850通信协议体系介绍和分析[J].电力系统自动化,2000,8:62—64
[32] 余良甫,王凤阳,彭秀艳等.变电站通信体系IEC61850与UCA2.0对比分析[J].电力系统自动化,2003,15:75—77
[33] 吴在军,胡敏强.变电站通信网络和系统协议IEC61850标准分析[J].电力自动化设备,2002,11:70—72
[34] 徐立子.IEC61850对变电站自动化系统报文性能的要求[J].电网技术,2002,11:1—3,19
[35] 辛建波,段献忠.电力系统信息需求分类及其对通信网络的要求研究[J].继电器,2004,21:21—25
[36] 吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.嵌入式以太网在变电站通信系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2003,1:71—75
[37] 陈敏.OPNET网络仿真[M].清华大学出版社.2004,4
[38] 王文博,张金文.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真[M].人民邮电出版社.2003,10
[39] Tony Y. Mazraani, Gurudatta M. Parulkar. Performance Analysis of th eEthernet Under Conditions of Bursty Traffic. IEEE 1997
[40] Tor Skeie, Svein Johannessen. Highly Accurate Time Synchronizatio n over Switched Ethernet[J].IEEE 2001
[41] R.N. ALLAN, R. Billinton, etc. Bibliography on the Application of P robability Methods in Power System Reliability Evaluation 1987-1 991. IEEE Trans. Power Apparauts and Systems, 1994, 9(1):41-49
[42] 冉懋海,陈小川,徐毅.网络时间协议在电力监控系统时钟同步中的应用[J].电力系统通信.2006,1:29—32
[43] 冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健.工业以太网关键技术初探[J].信息与控制.Vol32,No 3,2003,6:219—224
[44] 付华,刘尹霞.现场总线系统的本质安全防爆技术[J].电气防爆,2003,3:11—14
[45] Marzio P Pozzuoli. Ethernet in Substation Automation Applications-Issues and Requirements. IEEE, 2001
[46] 沈鑫剡.交换式以太网原理、技术及实现[M].人民邮电出版社,1999,10
[47] Ondrej Dolejs, Zdenek Hanzalek. Simulation of Ethernet for Real-Time Application[J].http://www. ieee. com
[48] Dr. Alexander Apostolov, Christoph Brunner. Use of IEC61850 Object Models for Power System Quality/Security Data Exchange. IEEE, 2004
[49] 陈政,涂光瑜,罗毅等,变电站信息综合传输中的流量控制实现[J].电力系统自动化,2003,24:40—44
[50] Manish Chaturvedi. Substation IED Communications[A]. Panel Prese ntation for IEEE PES Winter Meeting-2002.
[51] Luo Jian, Gu Cheng, He Jianjun. Synopsis Implementing Research for IEC61850[A].Power Systems and Communications Infrastrutures for the future, Beijing, Sep, 2002
[02] 陈文升.变电站自动化系统内部网络通信技术的研究[D].华北电力大学,2002
[03] 任雁铭.变电站计算机通信网络和系统的研究[D].华北电力大学,2000
[04] 宋子强.以太网在变电站自动化中的应用[J].供用电.2004,4:38—40
[05] Sun Jun-ping, Sheng Wan-xing, Wang Sun-an, and Wu Ke-gong. Substa tion Automation High Speed Network Communication Platform Based on MMS+TCP/IP+Ethernet. IEEE 2002
[06] IEC61158,测量和控制数字数据通信工业控制系统用现场总线标准[S].
[07] 周明.现场总线控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[08] 孙军平,盛万兴,王孙安.新一代变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,3:16—19
[09] 傅钦翠.变电站自动化系统的内部通信网[J].电气电子学报.2004,10:63—65
[10] 沈钢,李勇男,魏震等.新型实时以太网介质访问控制协议的仿真实现[J].系统仿真学报,Vol14,2002,7:890—893
[11] 谭文恕.电力系统无缝通信系统体系[J].电力自动化设备.2001,Vol.21,11:1—4
[12] 谷米,贺仁睦.变电站通信网络性能的仿真研究[J].电网技术.2000,6:70—74
[13] Yahya Al-Salqan, Cheoul-Shin Kang. A Simulation Study of a CSMA/CD with Connected Data Links. IEEE 1991
[14] Tobagi, Hunt. Performance analysis of carrier sence multiple access with detection[J].Computer Network, 1980,4
[15] (美)LiamB.Quinn,RichardG.Russell著.快速以太网[M].邝坚等译.人民邮电出版社,1999.8
[16] (美)Gilbert Held著.以太网[M].戴志涛.郑岩译.第三版.人民邮电出版社,1999.8
[17] (美)Breyer,Robert&Riley,Sean著.交换式以太网和快速型以太网[M].肖文贵等译.电子工业出版社,1996.2
[18] 阳宪惠.工业数据通信与控制网络[M].清华大学出版社.2003,6
[19] 杨晓东.现场总线技术在变电站综合自动化中的应用[J].广东电力.2002,15(4):45—47
[20] 潘莹玉.现场总线技术及其在变电站综合自动化系统中的应用[J].电力系统通信.1998,1:30—35
[21] 应晓蕊.工业以太网的实时性研究及系统设计[D].浙江大学,2004
[22] 冯冬芹,黄文君.工业通信网络与系统集成[M].科学出社,2005.1
[23] 邵小强.基于Ethernet构架的变电站信息流量控制与OPNET仿真研究[D].西安科技大学,2005
[24] SKEIE T, JOHANNESSEN S, Brunner C. Ethernet in Substation Automation. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 2002, 3(22): 43-51
[25] 黄文君等.实时控制系统网络设计[J].机电工程,2000,17(3):77—80
[26] 任雁铭,秦立军,杨奇逊等.变电站自动化系统中内部通信网的研究[J].电网技术,2000,25,(5):42—44
[27] 吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.变电站通信网络实时性能仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,8:45—49
[28] 沈宏涛.基于以太网的变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2005
[29] IEC61850. Communication Networks and Systems in Substations[S], Part1—10.
[30] B Shephard, MC Janssen, H Schubert. Standardised Communication in Substation[J]. Developments in Power System Protection, Conferen ce Publication No. 479, IEEE 2001
[31] 任雁铭,秦立军,杨奇逊.IEC61850通信协议体系介绍和分析[J].电力系统自动化,2000,8:62—64
[32] 余良甫,王凤阳,彭秀艳等.变电站通信体系IEC61850与UCA2.0对比分析[J].电力系统自动化,2003,15:75—77
[33] 吴在军,胡敏强.变电站通信网络和系统协议IEC61850标准分析[J].电力自动化设备,2002,11:70—72
[34] 徐立子.IEC61850对变电站自动化系统报文性能的要求[J].电网技术,2002,11:1—3,19
[35] 辛建波,段献忠.电力系统信息需求分类及其对通信网络的要求研究[J].继电器,2004,21:21—25
[36] 吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.嵌入式以太网在变电站通信系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2003,1:71—75
[37] 陈敏.OPNET网络仿真[M].清华大学出版社.2004,4
[38] 王文博,张金文.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真[M].人民邮电出版社.2003,10
[39] Tony Y. Mazraani, Gurudatta M. Parulkar. Performance Analysis of th eEthernet Under Conditions of Bursty Traffic. IEEE 1997
[40] Tor Skeie, Svein Johannessen. Highly Accurate Time Synchronizatio n over Switched Ethernet[J].IEEE 2001
[41] R.N. ALLAN, R. Billinton, etc. Bibliography on the Application of P robability Methods in Power System Reliability Evaluation 1987-1 991. IEEE Trans. Power Apparauts and Systems, 1994, 9(1):41-49
[42] 冉懋海,陈小川,徐毅.网络时间协议在电力监控系统时钟同步中的应用[J].电力系统通信.2006,1:29—32
[43] 冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健.工业以太网关键技术初探[J].信息与控制.Vol32,No 3,2003,6:219—224
[44] 付华,刘尹霞.现场总线系统的本质安全防爆技术[J].电气防爆,2003,3:11—14
[45] Marzio P Pozzuoli. Ethernet in Substation Automation Applications-Issues and Requirements. IEEE, 2001
[46] 沈鑫剡.交换式以太网原理、技术及实现[M].人民邮电出版社,1999,10
[47] Ondrej Dolejs, Zdenek Hanzalek. Simulation of Ethernet for Real-Time Application[J].http://www. ieee. com
[48] Dr. Alexander Apostolov, Christoph Brunner. Use of IEC61850 Object Models for Power System Quality/Security Data Exchange. IEEE, 2004
[49] 陈政,涂光瑜,罗毅等,变电站信息综合传输中的流量控制实现[J].电力系统自动化,2003,24:40—44
[50] Manish Chaturvedi. Substation IED Communications[A]. Panel Prese ntation for IEEE PES Winter Meeting-2002.
[51] Luo Jian, Gu Cheng, He Jianjun. Synopsis Implementing Research for IEC61850[A].Power Systems and Communications Infrastrutures for the future, Beijing, Sep, 2002