卧龙湖矿沿空留巷围岩控制技术研究
|
摘要
本文在详细分析前人研究成果的基础上,运用理论分析和数值模拟方法对沿空留巷围岩控制的原理和支护技术进行了分析和探讨,得出了沿空留巷顶板上覆岩层活动规律和围岩控制技术。
论文揭示了采空侧顶板是主动垮落和被动垮落及前后期破坏后形成的动态平衡结构,沿空留巷支护的前期作用主要考虑切顶作用,坚持“以切顶为主,切让兼顾”的原则,保证顶板沿充填体外侧切顶断裂;后期作用要求具有适当的双向承载性能,应坚持“以让为主,让支兼顾”的原则,充填体上方顶板完整,控制煤帮强烈位移;提出了巷内锚杆支护和巷旁支护相结合的控制原理,形成了一套巷内超高强预应力锚杆支护和新型充填材料,快速充填工艺的围岩控制技术体系。沿空留巷支护前期采用超强预应力锚杆支护,技术核心是实现快速增阻,达到高强度、高刚度、高预紧力和高可靠性;后期的关键是选用早撑、早强、大刚度的巷帮充填材料和快速巷旁充填工艺;经过数值模拟分析和现场实测得出沿空留巷围岩变形的一般规律,巷内支护的强度,顶板的完整性和充填墙体的强度特性是影响围岩变形的主要因素。
最后结合卧龙湖矿103首采工作面沿空留巷具体实例,验证了论文研究结论的正确性,现场应用取得了良好的技术经济效果。
该论文有图45幅,表7个,参考文献69篇。
Based on detailed analysis of previous research achievements, this thesis has analyzed and explored the theory and the support technology of gob-side entry returning control with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method, finding out the rule of upper rock movement of gob-side entry returning and relevant surroundings control technology.
This thesis has revealed the gob-side roof is a dynamical balanced structure which is formed by active and passive collapse, along with early and later damage. The prophase function of gob-side entry returning support is mainly involved in cutting down the roof. Thus, the principle of giving priority to the roof and also giving attention to the side is observed to ensure that the roof will snap along the side of obdurate from the top. The later function lies in the double-support capability. The principle observed here is giving priority to the side and also giving attention to the support, guaranteeing the integrity of the roof and controlling the tremendous movement of coal beam. Apart from that, the thesis has also put forward the control theory concerning the combination of inside anchor pole support and side support, formulating a new surroundings control technological system of supper prevention and response pole support and rapid filling with new filling materials. The prophase function of gob-side entry returning support has adopted the supper prevention and response pole support, the core of which is increasing the resistance rapidly to achieve high strength, high rigidity, high retightening and high reliability. The key in later period is concerned with choosing the filling materials of early support, early strength and great rigidity and relevant rapidly filling technology. Based on numerical simulation analysis and field surveying, the general rule of gob-side entry returning surroundings distortion has been drawn out that the traits of inside support, roof integrity and filled wall will mostly account for the distortion.
Finally, with the example of first mining of gob-side entry returning in Wolonghu Coal Mine, the correctness of the conclusion in the thesis has been validated. And the field application has achieved remarkable technological economic yielding.
The paper contains 69 references, 7 tables and 45 figures.
论文揭示了采空侧顶板是主动垮落和被动垮落及前后期破坏后形成的动态平衡结构,沿空留巷支护的前期作用主要考虑切顶作用,坚持“以切顶为主,切让兼顾”的原则,保证顶板沿充填体外侧切顶断裂;后期作用要求具有适当的双向承载性能,应坚持“以让为主,让支兼顾”的原则,充填体上方顶板完整,控制煤帮强烈位移;提出了巷内锚杆支护和巷旁支护相结合的控制原理,形成了一套巷内超高强预应力锚杆支护和新型充填材料,快速充填工艺的围岩控制技术体系。沿空留巷支护前期采用超强预应力锚杆支护,技术核心是实现快速增阻,达到高强度、高刚度、高预紧力和高可靠性;后期的关键是选用早撑、早强、大刚度的巷帮充填材料和快速巷旁充填工艺;经过数值模拟分析和现场实测得出沿空留巷围岩变形的一般规律,巷内支护的强度,顶板的完整性和充填墙体的强度特性是影响围岩变形的主要因素。
最后结合卧龙湖矿103首采工作面沿空留巷具体实例,验证了论文研究结论的正确性,现场应用取得了良好的技术经济效果。
该论文有图45幅,表7个,参考文献69篇。
Based on detailed analysis of previous research achievements, this thesis has analyzed and explored the theory and the support technology of gob-side entry returning control with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method, finding out the rule of upper rock movement of gob-side entry returning and relevant surroundings control technology.
This thesis has revealed the gob-side roof is a dynamical balanced structure which is formed by active and passive collapse, along with early and later damage. The prophase function of gob-side entry returning support is mainly involved in cutting down the roof. Thus, the principle of giving priority to the roof and also giving attention to the side is observed to ensure that the roof will snap along the side of obdurate from the top. The later function lies in the double-support capability. The principle observed here is giving priority to the side and also giving attention to the support, guaranteeing the integrity of the roof and controlling the tremendous movement of coal beam. Apart from that, the thesis has also put forward the control theory concerning the combination of inside anchor pole support and side support, formulating a new surroundings control technological system of supper prevention and response pole support and rapid filling with new filling materials. The prophase function of gob-side entry returning support has adopted the supper prevention and response pole support, the core of which is increasing the resistance rapidly to achieve high strength, high rigidity, high retightening and high reliability. The key in later period is concerned with choosing the filling materials of early support, early strength and great rigidity and relevant rapidly filling technology. Based on numerical simulation analysis and field surveying, the general rule of gob-side entry returning surroundings distortion has been drawn out that the traits of inside support, roof integrity and filled wall will mostly account for the distortion.
Finally, with the example of first mining of gob-side entry returning in Wolonghu Coal Mine, the correctness of the conclusion in the thesis has been validated. And the field application has achieved remarkable technological economic yielding.
The paper contains 69 references, 7 tables and 45 figures.
引文
[1]李栖凤,无煤柱开采.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1986:4～5
[2]刘听成,无煤柱护巷的应用与发展,矿山压力与顶板管理。994(4):2～9
[3]孙恒虎,宋存义著,高水速凝材料及其应用。中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[4]李化敏,顾明等,晋城矿区9号煤沿空留巷试验研究,焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2000(3)90~93,
[5]张东升,茅县彪,马文顶,综放沿空留巷围岩,变形特征的试验研究,岩石力学与公程学报,2002(3)Vol.21,No.2:331～334
[6]赵英利,基于综放沿空留巷的全煤巷锚杆(索)加固技术,矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,Vol.19 No.2:34～38
[7]王继良等,矿井支护论文集,煤炭工业出版社[M]1990:337～350
[8]张俊云,柴敬,沿空留巷中若干问题分析,矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,No.1:38～39
[9]王国臣,王金文,锚杆巷道沿空留巷研究,煤炭技术,2001.3 58～60
[10]孙春东,张珉,刘树刚应用锚杆支护技术进行沿空留巷的实践河北煤炭,2001 3 30～32
[11]李化敏,沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计,岩石力学与工程学报2000 5 651～654
[12]漆泰岳,郭育光,侯朝炯,沿空留巷整体浇注护巷带适应性研究煤炭学报
[13]钱鸣高,刘听成,矿山压力及其控制,修订本[M]北京煤炭工业出版社。1991
[14]孙恒虎,赵炳利著,沿空留巷的理论与实践煤炭工业出版社,1993
[15]陈书宏,赵有功,谢文兵,充填体特性对综放沿空留巷围岩稳定性的影响。矿山压力与顶板管理,2001,No2:60～62
[16]张东升,唐鹏宇,谢文兵,充填体接顶质量对综放沿空留巷围岩变形的影响。矿山压力与顶板管理,2001。No.3 :44～45
[17]郭育光,柏建彪,候朝炯,沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数研究。中国矿业大学学报,1992(12):1～11
[18]冯光明,侯朝炯,邹喜正,ZKD高水灰渣充填材料及其在巷旁充填试验中的应用煤矿设计,1996(6):11～13
[19]涂敏.沿空留巷顶板运动与巷旁支护阻力研究辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1999(8),Vol.18No.4: 347^-351.
[20]黄玉诚,孙恒虎,沿空留巷护巷带参数的设计方法.煤炭学报,1997(4): 127-131.
[21]孙恒虎,吴健,邱运新,沿空留巷矿压显现规律及岩层控制.煤炭学报,1992(1).
[22]张农,高明仕,许兴亮,煤巷预拉力支护体系及其工程应用〔J〕.矿山压力与顶板管理.2002,19(4):1～4.
[23]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林等岩层控制的关键层理论〔M〕.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[24]郑雨天,朱浮声,预应力锚杆体系—锚杆支护技术发展的新阶段〔J〕.矿山压力与顶板管理.1995,12(1):2～7
[25]周华强,侯朝炯,王承焕,高水充填材料的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,1992,17(1):25-36.
[26]郭育光,柏建彪,侯朝炯,沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,23(2):1-11.
[27]侯朝炯,马念杰,煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的探讨[J].煤炭学报, 1989,14(4):21-29.
[28]蒋金泉,采场围岩应力与运动[M].北京:煤炭工业版社,1993.
[29] ]Itasca consulting Group Inc. FLAC2D User Manuals, version 5.0. Minneapolis, Minnesota 2002,
[30] Sang-Hwan Kim. Interaction behaviors between parallel tunnels in soft ground. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 2004 Vo1.19
[31] [土]C.庇隆,E阿里欧格卢.矿井支护设计[M],北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1991, 70-82
[32] Int J,Rock Mech,Min,Sci,Vol.35, No 22.pp 123-134,1998, Published in Britain
[33] Tang, C A Numerical simulation of rock failure process, in proceeding of the second, Youth Symposium on Rock Mechanics in China, 1995, pp 1-8
[34] Jaeger, J C and Cook N G W, Fundamentals, of Rock Mechanics Methuen, London 1969, pp:1-6
[35] K Hurt New Developments of Rock Bolting In U K ,Colliery Guardian ,1994.7
[36] P.Wllians, Developments of Rock Bolting In U K Coal Mines[J] ,Mining Engineering 1994.5
[37] N.Conley,S.D.Priest. Tests Make the Case for "Plastic" Roof Bolts[J],Colliery Guardian, 1992.3
[38] N.J.Halison.Design of the Roof Bolting System[J],Colliery Guardian,1 987
[39] Franclss F O. Weak Rock Tunneling Rotlerdam, A A Balkema Press 1992
[40] .鞠文君,锚杆支护巷道顶板离层机理与监测田,煤炭学报,2000.12.
[41] .鞠文君,刘东才,锚杆支护巷道顶板离层界限确定方法[J],煤炭科学技术,2001 .4 .
[42] .杨德林,锚杆支护在N类围岩巷道中的矿压显现研究[J],河北煤炭,2001(3).
[43] .王同旭,巷道围岩的内外层结构分析[J],山东矿业学院学报,1997.3.
[44]刘连伏,曲光,全煤巷道锚杆支护技术及其应用[ill煤矿开采,2000.3.
[45] .马顺海等,三软煤巷锚、注、索支护技术[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1999(1).
[46] .林崇德,困难条件煤巷锚杆支护原理与支护形式田,山东科技大学学报,2000.6.
[47]孙中辉,深井困难条件下煤巷组合锚杆支护技术因,山东科技大学学报,2000.6.
[48] .温大维,张树功,困难煤层巷道锚杆支护的顶板控制闭,山东科技大学学报,2000 .6 .
[49] .胡方冠等,锚网支护在顺槽施工中的应用明,山东科技大学学报,2000.6
[50] .宋扬,锚杆阻止离层扩展的力学模型[J],山东科技大学学报,2000.6
[51] .陆家梁,软岩巷道支护技术洲』,吉林科学技术出版社,1995.4
[52] .E双锁.,回采巷道围岩控制原理及锚固结构的适应性研究[D],中国矿业大学,
[53] .靖洪文,深部巷道大松动圈围岩位移分析及应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001,
[54] .冀贞文,王怀新,王同吉,深井巷道围岩变形破坏规律及其控制技术[J],煤矿安全,2004,2.
[55]李东勇,综放工作面巷道围岩稳定性研究[D],太原:太原理工大学,2004.
[56]魏锦平,.综放面顶煤压裂规律及成拱机理研究[D],太原:太原理工大学,2004.
[57]董方庭等,巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[58] .蒋金泉,韩继胜,石永奎著,巷道围岩结构稳定性设计[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998,11.
[59] .樊克恭,翟德元著,巷道围岩弱结构破坏失稳分析与非均称控制机理[M),北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[60] .陈宗基,应力释放对开挖工程稳定性的重要影响[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1992,1.
[61] Cruden D. M., The Form of the Creep Law for Rock Under Uniaxial Compression, Int.J. Mech. Sci., Vo1.8(1971),PP105^-126
[62] Kranz R. L.,Crack Growth and Development During Creep of Barre Granite, Int.J.RockMech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 16,pp23一35.
[63] .陈庆敏等,综放沿空巷道矿压显现特征及其控制技术[3],煤炭学报,1998.8 :382-385.
[64]杜计平,苏景春,煤矿深井开采的矿压显现及控制[M],徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000,56-78
[65]钱鸣高,刘听成,矿山压力及其控制[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992,57-77.
[66]侯朝炯,李学华,综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[[J],煤炭学报,,2001,2: 1-7
[67]周保生,综放回采巷道围岩稳定性分类及其支护对策的研究[D].中国科学院武汉岩士研究所,1999.6,15-20.
[68]杨永杰,谭云亮,回采巷道采动影响变形量与护巷煤柱宽度之间关系的研究[J],江苏煤炭,1995.3: 9-10.
[69] .朱川曲,王卫军,施式亮,综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定性分类模型及应用[[J],中国工程科学,2006.3.
[2]刘听成,无煤柱护巷的应用与发展,矿山压力与顶板管理。994(4):2～9
[3]孙恒虎,宋存义著,高水速凝材料及其应用。中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[4]李化敏,顾明等,晋城矿区9号煤沿空留巷试验研究,焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2000(3)90~93,
[5]张东升,茅县彪,马文顶,综放沿空留巷围岩,变形特征的试验研究,岩石力学与公程学报,2002(3)Vol.21,No.2:331～334
[6]赵英利,基于综放沿空留巷的全煤巷锚杆(索)加固技术,矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,Vol.19 No.2:34～38
[7]王继良等,矿井支护论文集,煤炭工业出版社[M]1990:337～350
[8]张俊云,柴敬,沿空留巷中若干问题分析,矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,No.1:38～39
[9]王国臣,王金文,锚杆巷道沿空留巷研究,煤炭技术,2001.3 58～60
[10]孙春东,张珉,刘树刚应用锚杆支护技术进行沿空留巷的实践河北煤炭,2001 3 30～32
[11]李化敏,沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计,岩石力学与工程学报2000 5 651～654
[12]漆泰岳,郭育光,侯朝炯,沿空留巷整体浇注护巷带适应性研究煤炭学报
[13]钱鸣高,刘听成,矿山压力及其控制,修订本[M]北京煤炭工业出版社。1991
[14]孙恒虎,赵炳利著,沿空留巷的理论与实践煤炭工业出版社,1993
[15]陈书宏,赵有功,谢文兵,充填体特性对综放沿空留巷围岩稳定性的影响。矿山压力与顶板管理,2001,No2:60～62
[16]张东升,唐鹏宇,谢文兵,充填体接顶质量对综放沿空留巷围岩变形的影响。矿山压力与顶板管理,2001。No.3 :44～45
[17]郭育光,柏建彪,候朝炯,沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数研究。中国矿业大学学报,1992(12):1～11
[18]冯光明,侯朝炯,邹喜正,ZKD高水灰渣充填材料及其在巷旁充填试验中的应用煤矿设计,1996(6):11～13
[19]涂敏.沿空留巷顶板运动与巷旁支护阻力研究辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1999(8),Vol.18No.4: 347^-351.
[20]黄玉诚,孙恒虎,沿空留巷护巷带参数的设计方法.煤炭学报,1997(4): 127-131.
[21]孙恒虎,吴健,邱运新,沿空留巷矿压显现规律及岩层控制.煤炭学报,1992(1).
[22]张农,高明仕,许兴亮,煤巷预拉力支护体系及其工程应用〔J〕.矿山压力与顶板管理.2002,19(4):1～4.
[23]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林等岩层控制的关键层理论〔M〕.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[24]郑雨天,朱浮声,预应力锚杆体系—锚杆支护技术发展的新阶段〔J〕.矿山压力与顶板管理.1995,12(1):2～7
[25]周华强,侯朝炯,王承焕,高水充填材料的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,1992,17(1):25-36.
[26]郭育光,柏建彪,侯朝炯,沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,23(2):1-11.
[27]侯朝炯,马念杰,煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的探讨[J].煤炭学报, 1989,14(4):21-29.
[28]蒋金泉,采场围岩应力与运动[M].北京:煤炭工业版社,1993.
[29] ]Itasca consulting Group Inc. FLAC2D User Manuals, version 5.0. Minneapolis, Minnesota 2002,
[30] Sang-Hwan Kim. Interaction behaviors between parallel tunnels in soft ground. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 2004 Vo1.19
[31] [土]C.庇隆,E阿里欧格卢.矿井支护设计[M],北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1991, 70-82
[32] Int J,Rock Mech,Min,Sci,Vol.35, No 22.pp 123-134,1998, Published in Britain
[33] Tang, C A Numerical simulation of rock failure process, in proceeding of the second, Youth Symposium on Rock Mechanics in China, 1995, pp 1-8
[34] Jaeger, J C and Cook N G W, Fundamentals, of Rock Mechanics Methuen, London 1969, pp:1-6
[35] K Hurt New Developments of Rock Bolting In U K ,Colliery Guardian ,1994.7
[36] P.Wllians, Developments of Rock Bolting In U K Coal Mines[J] ,Mining Engineering 1994.5
[37] N.Conley,S.D.Priest. Tests Make the Case for "Plastic" Roof Bolts[J],Colliery Guardian, 1992.3
[38] N.J.Halison.Design of the Roof Bolting System[J],Colliery Guardian,1 987
[39] Franclss F O. Weak Rock Tunneling Rotlerdam, A A Balkema Press 1992
[40] .鞠文君,锚杆支护巷道顶板离层机理与监测田,煤炭学报,2000.12.
[41] .鞠文君,刘东才,锚杆支护巷道顶板离层界限确定方法[J],煤炭科学技术,2001 .4 .
[42] .杨德林,锚杆支护在N类围岩巷道中的矿压显现研究[J],河北煤炭,2001(3).
[43] .王同旭,巷道围岩的内外层结构分析[J],山东矿业学院学报,1997.3.
[44]刘连伏,曲光,全煤巷道锚杆支护技术及其应用[ill煤矿开采,2000.3.
[45] .马顺海等,三软煤巷锚、注、索支护技术[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1999(1).
[46] .林崇德,困难条件煤巷锚杆支护原理与支护形式田,山东科技大学学报,2000.6.
[47]孙中辉,深井困难条件下煤巷组合锚杆支护技术因,山东科技大学学报,2000.6.
[48] .温大维,张树功,困难煤层巷道锚杆支护的顶板控制闭,山东科技大学学报,2000 .6 .
[49] .胡方冠等,锚网支护在顺槽施工中的应用明,山东科技大学学报,2000.6
[50] .宋扬,锚杆阻止离层扩展的力学模型[J],山东科技大学学报,2000.6
[51] .陆家梁,软岩巷道支护技术洲』,吉林科学技术出版社,1995.4
[52] .E双锁.,回采巷道围岩控制原理及锚固结构的适应性研究[D],中国矿业大学,
[53] .靖洪文,深部巷道大松动圈围岩位移分析及应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001,
[54] .冀贞文,王怀新,王同吉,深井巷道围岩变形破坏规律及其控制技术[J],煤矿安全,2004,2.
[55]李东勇,综放工作面巷道围岩稳定性研究[D],太原:太原理工大学,2004.
[56]魏锦平,.综放面顶煤压裂规律及成拱机理研究[D],太原:太原理工大学,2004.
[57]董方庭等,巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[58] .蒋金泉,韩继胜,石永奎著,巷道围岩结构稳定性设计[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998,11.
[59] .樊克恭,翟德元著,巷道围岩弱结构破坏失稳分析与非均称控制机理[M),北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[60] .陈宗基,应力释放对开挖工程稳定性的重要影响[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1992,1.
[61] Cruden D. M., The Form of the Creep Law for Rock Under Uniaxial Compression, Int.J. Mech. Sci., Vo1.8(1971),PP105^-126
[62] Kranz R. L.,Crack Growth and Development During Creep of Barre Granite, Int.J.RockMech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 16,pp23一35.
[63] .陈庆敏等,综放沿空巷道矿压显现特征及其控制技术[3],煤炭学报,1998.8 :382-385.
[64]杜计平,苏景春,煤矿深井开采的矿压显现及控制[M],徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000,56-78
[65]钱鸣高,刘听成,矿山压力及其控制[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992,57-77.
[66]侯朝炯,李学华,综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[[J],煤炭学报,,2001,2: 1-7
[67]周保生,综放回采巷道围岩稳定性分类及其支护对策的研究[D].中国科学院武汉岩士研究所,1999.6,15-20.
[68]杨永杰,谭云亮,回采巷道采动影响变形量与护巷煤柱宽度之间关系的研究[J],江苏煤炭,1995.3: 9-10.
[69] .朱川曲,王卫军,施式亮,综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定性分类模型及应用[[J],中国工程科学,2006.3.