VCM硫酸干燥塔的动态模拟
摘要
硫酸体系非常复杂，到目前为止仍然没有合适的数学模型能够准确描述硫酸体系的气液相平衡。但作者采用的活度系数法能够在操作条件内对硫酸体系进行准确预测。
硫酸干燥塔是电石法生产氯乙烯(VCM)工艺中对混合气进行干燥的关键设备，对硫酸干燥塔进行准确的模拟计算，对指导该生产过程的设计和操作有着重要的意义。
对一个干燥过程进行模拟计算，首先要在一定的假设条件下根据一系列守衡原理和物理、化学定律建立描述干燥过程的数学模型，然后在某些约束条件下进行求解，得到气液两相的组成、温度和流率等参数在干燥塔内的分布。从而找出影响这些参数分布的因素。
该工艺过程的特点是流程结构复杂，组分繁多，体系非理想性强。硫酸干燥是本工艺过程中典型的重要分离设备，文中对其进行了深入的分析和论证，建立了严谨的数学模型，并采用适当的数学方法进行了求解。
在汽液平衡计算过程中采用了双层法，即用简化模型动态的逼近严格模型。内层迭代采用克拉伯龙饱和蒸汽压方程计算平衡常数。然后，再调用严谨的热力学进行判敛逼近。此法大大提高了计算效率和稳定性。
整个模拟过程能够很好地反映出装置正常工况时的设备运行情况。对不同操作条件下的设备运行情况进行了模拟计算，模拟结果不仅可以作为操作人员分析生产过程的依据，而且还为改进设计和操作条件以达到提高硫酸干燥塔处理能力和降低能量消耗的目的提供了有价值的参考。
The system of vitriol is very complex and there is no a appropriate mathematical model to veraciously describe the Gas Liquid Equilibrium so far. But the way of activity coefficient which can forecast the Gas Liquid Equilibrium under some conditions was adopted.
The vitriol drying towers are important equipment in the drying process of chloroethylene (VCM) by calcium carbide way, and accurately simulation for vitriol drying tower is significant to instruct both the design and the operation of the production process.
As for simulating process of drying, the first thing to do is to establish a mathematical model under some hypotheses and according to conservation theory and laws of physics and chemistry, by using which the distillation process was described. And then, on the conditions of obligation, the distributions of components, temperature, and flux of vapor and liquid phase in the tower were then calculated. Thus the factors which affected this parameter's distributing could be found out.
The characteristics of the technologic process are the complicated structure, numerous components and the highly non-ideal system. The vitriol drying towers are the typical separating equipments. This paper deeply analyzed and demonstrated them, established a rigorous mathematical model and solves it with proper mathematical method.
In the calculation of Gas Liquid Equilibrium, the two tiered approach is used. That is to approach the rigorous model by simplifying dynamic model. The equilibrium coefficient can be calculated by Clausius-Clapeyron saturated vapor pressure equation in internal iteration. Then strict thermodynamics theory is used in checking convergence. This method increases greatly the computation efficiency and stability.
The whole simulation process could reflect the running of the equipment under normal conditions. We also made a lot of simulation by many kinds of operating conditions. The simulation results not only provided foundation for operators to analyze production process, but also provided technicians with valuable referential materials to improve design and operating conditions, and to increase the process capacity and decrease the energy consumption.
硫酸干燥塔是电石法生产氯乙烯(VCM)工艺中对混合气进行干燥的关键设备，对硫酸干燥塔进行准确的模拟计算，对指导该生产过程的设计和操作有着重要的意义。
对一个干燥过程进行模拟计算，首先要在一定的假设条件下根据一系列守衡原理和物理、化学定律建立描述干燥过程的数学模型，然后在某些约束条件下进行求解，得到气液两相的组成、温度和流率等参数在干燥塔内的分布。从而找出影响这些参数分布的因素。
该工艺过程的特点是流程结构复杂，组分繁多，体系非理想性强。硫酸干燥是本工艺过程中典型的重要分离设备，文中对其进行了深入的分析和论证，建立了严谨的数学模型，并采用适当的数学方法进行了求解。
在汽液平衡计算过程中采用了双层法，即用简化模型动态的逼近严格模型。内层迭代采用克拉伯龙饱和蒸汽压方程计算平衡常数。然后，再调用严谨的热力学进行判敛逼近。此法大大提高了计算效率和稳定性。
整个模拟过程能够很好地反映出装置正常工况时的设备运行情况。对不同操作条件下的设备运行情况进行了模拟计算，模拟结果不仅可以作为操作人员分析生产过程的依据，而且还为改进设计和操作条件以达到提高硫酸干燥塔处理能力和降低能量消耗的目的提供了有价值的参考。
The system of vitriol is very complex and there is no a appropriate mathematical model to veraciously describe the Gas Liquid Equilibrium so far. But the way of activity coefficient which can forecast the Gas Liquid Equilibrium under some conditions was adopted.
The vitriol drying towers are important equipment in the drying process of chloroethylene (VCM) by calcium carbide way, and accurately simulation for vitriol drying tower is significant to instruct both the design and the operation of the production process.
As for simulating process of drying, the first thing to do is to establish a mathematical model under some hypotheses and according to conservation theory and laws of physics and chemistry, by using which the distillation process was described. And then, on the conditions of obligation, the distributions of components, temperature, and flux of vapor and liquid phase in the tower were then calculated. Thus the factors which affected this parameter's distributing could be found out.
The characteristics of the technologic process are the complicated structure, numerous components and the highly non-ideal system. The vitriol drying towers are the typical separating equipments. This paper deeply analyzed and demonstrated them, established a rigorous mathematical model and solves it with proper mathematical method.
In the calculation of Gas Liquid Equilibrium, the two tiered approach is used. That is to approach the rigorous model by simplifying dynamic model. The equilibrium coefficient can be calculated by Clausius-Clapeyron saturated vapor pressure equation in internal iteration. Then strict thermodynamics theory is used in checking convergence. This method increases greatly the computation efficiency and stability.
The whole simulation process could reflect the running of the equipment under normal conditions. We also made a lot of simulation by many kinds of operating conditions. The simulation results not only provided foundation for operators to analyze production process, but also provided technicians with valuable referential materials to improve design and operating conditions, and to increase the process capacity and decrease the energy consumption.
引文
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