PVC聚合反应器及其控制系统动态仿真
摘要
本文针对悬浮法氯乙烯聚合生产装置的动态流程模拟进行了系统研究，并重点研究了PVC聚合反应器。根据物料、能量及动量守恒方程等建立了生产装置的机理模型，根据模型形式和特点选择了适当的数值计算方法并编制了动态模拟程序。实际应用效果证明了模型、算法和软件的正确性与精确性。
聚合反应器采用间歇式全混反应器，用EHP催化剂，循环水冷却。氯乙烯和脱盐水在反应器内充分混合，在一定温度和压力下聚合成聚氯乙烯。根据反应过程，建立了动态全混釜模型，应用合适的算法，筛选了适当的动力学方程，并根据工业数据对动力学参数加以修正，从而使之满足生产装置的需要。在动态模拟时，对整个系统采用动态序贯模块法，把各个子系统模型模块依流程顺序连成整体模型，进行统调，构成整个装置的数学模型。
该聚合工艺采用了批量处理工艺(批量处理工艺：是工艺包中针对间歇操作进行控制操作的工艺)，整体自动化程度很高，对操作员和DCS厂家都提出了新的要求。控制系统实现了流程控制自动化；在应对突发问题时，操作人员可以随时中断流程，来处理突发事件，从而实现了较强的人机交互；可人为的制造停水停电等事故，来考察系统面对突发事故的稳定性；整套系统有20个聚合釜，这20个聚合釜在统一在调度室进行协调工作，彼此之间既有联系又相对独立。为在PC机上实现批量处理过程，控制程序采用多线程，每条线程对应一个聚合釜。经过长时间的编程调试，最终在仿真机上实现了工业自动化控制。
在上述工作基础上，开发了PVC工艺动态模拟系统软件，该软件已经用于PVC工艺操作规程的优化编制和操作技术人员的操作技能培训，同时，该软件对于PVC聚合工艺的辅助优化设计也有相当的积极作用。
The simulation of the PVC process has been studied systemically in this world, and the polymerize reactor is the main object of the study. We developed the mechanism model of the unit according to the equilibrium of mass, energy and momentum, and chose the suitable numerical method and made dynamic simulation program according the form and characteristics of the model. The really applied results proved that all of the model, algorithm and software are correct.
The polymeric reactor is batch CSTR, and using EHP as the catalyzer of this reactor, well choosing the water as the refrigerant. VCM and DMW mixed in the reactor adequately, polymerizing to be PVC. On the base of the process in this system, we developed CSTR model and calculated them, selected suitable dynamics equations and improved their parameter in order to meet the requirement of the PVC process. For the dynamic simulation system, all modules are connected together and become a whole mathematics module by sequential model method.
The polymeric technics adopt the technics named as "batch control" (Batch control is the programme that aim to the chemical engineer batch operation), the holistic automatization is advanced, so it will advance the DCS' operation and the operators' ability. The control system we have made can achieve the process' automatization, and the operator can interrupt the process whenever some suddenness happens. And the man-machine conversation in this system can be realized very well. The whole system has 20 polymeric kettles, and they are all submit to one control center, and they are not only independent but also contacted with each other. To meat with this request, we import the "batch control programme", which adopts threads-programme. And one thread and one kettle are corresponding. We have debugged for a long time, and realized the automatization on the emluator.
We have developed the dynamic simulation system software of PVC process on the base of the work upon. And it have been used to train the operators. We also did many optimization works for both the process and the control system using the system software.
聚合反应器采用间歇式全混反应器，用EHP催化剂，循环水冷却。氯乙烯和脱盐水在反应器内充分混合，在一定温度和压力下聚合成聚氯乙烯。根据反应过程，建立了动态全混釜模型，应用合适的算法，筛选了适当的动力学方程，并根据工业数据对动力学参数加以修正，从而使之满足生产装置的需要。在动态模拟时，对整个系统采用动态序贯模块法，把各个子系统模型模块依流程顺序连成整体模型，进行统调，构成整个装置的数学模型。
该聚合工艺采用了批量处理工艺(批量处理工艺：是工艺包中针对间歇操作进行控制操作的工艺)，整体自动化程度很高，对操作员和DCS厂家都提出了新的要求。控制系统实现了流程控制自动化；在应对突发问题时，操作人员可以随时中断流程，来处理突发事件，从而实现了较强的人机交互；可人为的制造停水停电等事故，来考察系统面对突发事故的稳定性；整套系统有20个聚合釜，这20个聚合釜在统一在调度室进行协调工作，彼此之间既有联系又相对独立。为在PC机上实现批量处理过程，控制程序采用多线程，每条线程对应一个聚合釜。经过长时间的编程调试，最终在仿真机上实现了工业自动化控制。
在上述工作基础上，开发了PVC工艺动态模拟系统软件，该软件已经用于PVC工艺操作规程的优化编制和操作技术人员的操作技能培训，同时，该软件对于PVC聚合工艺的辅助优化设计也有相当的积极作用。
The simulation of the PVC process has been studied systemically in this world, and the polymerize reactor is the main object of the study. We developed the mechanism model of the unit according to the equilibrium of mass, energy and momentum, and chose the suitable numerical method and made dynamic simulation program according the form and characteristics of the model. The really applied results proved that all of the model, algorithm and software are correct.
The polymeric reactor is batch CSTR, and using EHP as the catalyzer of this reactor, well choosing the water as the refrigerant. VCM and DMW mixed in the reactor adequately, polymerizing to be PVC. On the base of the process in this system, we developed CSTR model and calculated them, selected suitable dynamics equations and improved their parameter in order to meet the requirement of the PVC process. For the dynamic simulation system, all modules are connected together and become a whole mathematics module by sequential model method.
The polymeric technics adopt the technics named as "batch control" (Batch control is the programme that aim to the chemical engineer batch operation), the holistic automatization is advanced, so it will advance the DCS' operation and the operators' ability. The control system we have made can achieve the process' automatization, and the operator can interrupt the process whenever some suddenness happens. And the man-machine conversation in this system can be realized very well. The whole system has 20 polymeric kettles, and they are all submit to one control center, and they are not only independent but also contacted with each other. To meat with this request, we import the "batch control programme", which adopts threads-programme. And one thread and one kettle are corresponding. We have debugged for a long time, and realized the automatization on the emluator.
We have developed the dynamic simulation system software of PVC process on the base of the work upon. And it have been used to train the operators. We also did many optimization works for both the process and the control system using the system software.
引文
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