牵引变电所电能质量治理测试与分析
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摘要
随着近年来我国电气化铁道的迅速发展,由电力牵引引起的电能质量问题越来越引起人们的关注。电力牵引是指在电气化铁路上行驶的电力机车,它是单相大功率非线性负荷。相对于电力系统其它负荷,电力机车由于存在功率大、分布广、冲击性强、三相不对称等特性,因此在其沿铁路移动用电过程中必然会有较大的负序电流和高次谐波注入电网,从而影响电网电能质量。
京沪线安定和南翔牵引变电所是铁道部电气化铁道电能质量治理试点工程,其中安定采取了“固定补偿(FC)+TCR”型SVC方案,南翔牵引变电所采用“固定补偿(FC)+SVG”方案。两个变电所的方案是针对无功补偿而设计的,能兼顾滤波。南翔的“固定补偿(FC)+SVG”方案在解决无功补偿和谐波问题的同时还能兼顾解决负序问题,这在国内尚属首次,因此对上述方案进行测试分析对未来我国电气化铁路电能质量治理具有积极的指导意义。
为了掌握第一手数据资料,本人分别于2008年7月和2009年4月份对两个牵引变电所进行了实地测试。本文根据课题需要,开发了电能质量分析系统,利用Delphi语言编写程序,完成相关数据的采集和分析,以得到电能质量相关指标的统计结果。通过对不同运行方式的对比分析,得到牵引供电系统量化的电能质量技术指标数据。本文针对当前国网公司考核较为严格的谐波含量、电压畸变率、三相不平衡度、功率因数等指标进行了重点分析,评价电网和牵引供电系统的供电质量,验证SVC和SVG的电能质量治理效果,提出了一些不足,结合目前我国电气化铁路的实际情况提出了合理的建议,为今后我国电气化铁道的电能质量治理提供参考。
With rapid development of electrified railway in China, Power quality problems caused by electric traction have attracted more and more attention. Electric traction, which is the electric locomotive running on the electrified railway, is a kind of load that is single-phase, high-power and nonlinear. Compared with other load in power system, while the locomotive is moving on the rail and feeding current, it brings in larger negative current and higher harmonic to the power net as a result of its characteristics, high power, wide distribution, strongly impulse and so on, thus the power quality is affected badly.
An-ding and Nan-xiang traction substations of Beijing-Shanghai electrified railway line is pilot projections of power quality improvement by Ministry of Railway. The scheme of fixed compensation (FC) + TCR is adopted in An-ding substation and FC+SVG in Nan-xiang. They are aiming at the reactive power compensation, filtering is also considered. The improvement scheme in Nan-xiang can also solve the negative sequence problem. It is first time of be used in China. It will be active guiding significance to test and analyze the schemes to the further improvement of power quality in electrified railway in China.
In order to get the firsthand data, we did the field test to the substations in July in 2008 and April in 2009. To meet the requirement of the subject, power quality analysis system is developed by Delphi language for data acquisition and analysis which are used to get the relative statistical results of power quality indices. The data of power quality's quantization technical index in traction power supply system is obtained through the comparative analysis of different operation mode. The paper emphatically analyzed the power quality indices which are strict examined by state grid corporation, such as harmonic content, voltage distortion rate, triphase unbalance degree and power factor and so on. The power qualities of grid and traction power supply system are evaluated and the regulation effects of SVC and SVG for power quality are verified. Based on the actual situation of electric railway in china present, reasonable proposals are given for regulation effects' disadvantages of the two kind compensation devices, which can provide regulation reference for power quality in our country's electric railway in the future.
京沪线安定和南翔牵引变电所是铁道部电气化铁道电能质量治理试点工程,其中安定采取了“固定补偿(FC)+TCR”型SVC方案,南翔牵引变电所采用“固定补偿(FC)+SVG”方案。两个变电所的方案是针对无功补偿而设计的,能兼顾滤波。南翔的“固定补偿(FC)+SVG”方案在解决无功补偿和谐波问题的同时还能兼顾解决负序问题,这在国内尚属首次,因此对上述方案进行测试分析对未来我国电气化铁路电能质量治理具有积极的指导意义。
为了掌握第一手数据资料,本人分别于2008年7月和2009年4月份对两个牵引变电所进行了实地测试。本文根据课题需要,开发了电能质量分析系统,利用Delphi语言编写程序,完成相关数据的采集和分析,以得到电能质量相关指标的统计结果。通过对不同运行方式的对比分析,得到牵引供电系统量化的电能质量技术指标数据。本文针对当前国网公司考核较为严格的谐波含量、电压畸变率、三相不平衡度、功率因数等指标进行了重点分析,评价电网和牵引供电系统的供电质量,验证SVC和SVG的电能质量治理效果,提出了一些不足,结合目前我国电气化铁路的实际情况提出了合理的建议,为今后我国电气化铁道的电能质量治理提供参考。
With rapid development of electrified railway in China, Power quality problems caused by electric traction have attracted more and more attention. Electric traction, which is the electric locomotive running on the electrified railway, is a kind of load that is single-phase, high-power and nonlinear. Compared with other load in power system, while the locomotive is moving on the rail and feeding current, it brings in larger negative current and higher harmonic to the power net as a result of its characteristics, high power, wide distribution, strongly impulse and so on, thus the power quality is affected badly.
An-ding and Nan-xiang traction substations of Beijing-Shanghai electrified railway line is pilot projections of power quality improvement by Ministry of Railway. The scheme of fixed compensation (FC) + TCR is adopted in An-ding substation and FC+SVG in Nan-xiang. They are aiming at the reactive power compensation, filtering is also considered. The improvement scheme in Nan-xiang can also solve the negative sequence problem. It is first time of be used in China. It will be active guiding significance to test and analyze the schemes to the further improvement of power quality in electrified railway in China.
In order to get the firsthand data, we did the field test to the substations in July in 2008 and April in 2009. To meet the requirement of the subject, power quality analysis system is developed by Delphi language for data acquisition and analysis which are used to get the relative statistical results of power quality indices. The data of power quality's quantization technical index in traction power supply system is obtained through the comparative analysis of different operation mode. The paper emphatically analyzed the power quality indices which are strict examined by state grid corporation, such as harmonic content, voltage distortion rate, triphase unbalance degree and power factor and so on. The power qualities of grid and traction power supply system are evaluated and the regulation effects of SVC and SVG for power quality are verified. Based on the actual situation of electric railway in china present, reasonable proposals are given for regulation effects' disadvantages of the two kind compensation devices, which can provide regulation reference for power quality in our country's electric railway in the future.
引文
[1]韩英铎,严干贵,姜齐荣.信息电力与FACTS及DFACTS技术.电力系统自动化,2000
[2]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会.电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准引用手[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[3]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚,朱子述.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[4]谭秀炳,刘向阳.交流电气化铁道牵引供电系统[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2002
[5]曹建猷.电气化铁道供电系统[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[6]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1998
[7]任强.SVC补偿原理及其应用[J].电力电容器,2001
[8]易兆林,胥军.SVC及其TCR电抗器设计[J].智能仪器仪表,2006
[9]R.Mohan Mathur,Rajiv K.Varma.Thyristor-based facts controllers for electrical transmission systems[M].CHINA MACHINE PRESS,2005
[10]李智明,王卫安,张定华.牵引变电站SVC控制系统设计[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2007
[11]陈建业,蒋晓华,于歆杰诸旭.电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[12]朱金奇.TCR+FC型SVC原理及应用.电力系统自动化第3期第29卷,2007年
[13]李力,左丽,陈立松.牵引变电所采用SVG实现无功和负序综合补偿方法[J].现代电力,2001
[14]大容量ASVG(静止无功发生器)的概述[J].河南电力,1994
[15]国家电网公司建设运行部,中国电力科学研究院.灵活交流输电技术在国家骨干电网中的工程应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[16]刘俊丰.补偿三相不对称负荷的SVC控制方法的研究[硕士论文].西安:西安理工大学.2005
[17]徐春侠,李庚银,赵成勇,王勇,侯进峰,郝剑欣.韶山IV型电力机车谐波分析[J].华北电力大学学报,1998
[18]陈浩,李战鹰.SS-8型电力机车的谐波分析.广东电力,2004
[19]周勇.电力机车负荷注入电网的负序和谐波.郑州工学院学报.
[20]韩柳,谈顺涛.电气化铁路对电网的影响及策略[J].江苏电机工程,2005
[21]Chung,C.Y.;Tse,C.T.;Cheung,C.K.;Yu,C.W.;Wang,K.W.;"New approach for static Var compensator controller design",Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,2000.Proceedings.DRPT2000.International Conference on 4-7 April 2000
[22]郭知彼.电气化铁路电能质量的综合治理[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2006
[23]李彦哲,胡彦奎,王果,张蕊萍.电气化铁道供电技术与设计[M].兰州大学出版社,2006
[24]吴命利,范瑜.星形延边三角形接线平衡变压器的阻抗匹配与数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2003
[25]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T15543-2008.电能质量三相电压不平衡,2008
[26]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T14549-93.电能质量公用电网谐波,1993
[27]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T15945-2008.电能质量电力系统频率偏差,2008
[28]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T12325-2008.电能质量供电电压偏差,2008
[29]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T12326-2008.电能质量电压波动和闪变,2008
[30]IEEE Std 1459-2000,IEEE Trial-Use Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal,Nonsinusoidal,Balanced,or Unbalanced Conditions,2000
[2]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会.电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准引用手[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[3]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚,朱子述.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[4]谭秀炳,刘向阳.交流电气化铁道牵引供电系统[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2002
[5]曹建猷.电气化铁道供电系统[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[6]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1998
[7]任强.SVC补偿原理及其应用[J].电力电容器,2001
[8]易兆林,胥军.SVC及其TCR电抗器设计[J].智能仪器仪表,2006
[9]R.Mohan Mathur,Rajiv K.Varma.Thyristor-based facts controllers for electrical transmission systems[M].CHINA MACHINE PRESS,2005
[10]李智明,王卫安,张定华.牵引变电站SVC控制系统设计[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2007
[11]陈建业,蒋晓华,于歆杰诸旭.电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[12]朱金奇.TCR+FC型SVC原理及应用.电力系统自动化第3期第29卷,2007年
[13]李力,左丽,陈立松.牵引变电所采用SVG实现无功和负序综合补偿方法[J].现代电力,2001
[14]大容量ASVG(静止无功发生器)的概述[J].河南电力,1994
[15]国家电网公司建设运行部,中国电力科学研究院.灵活交流输电技术在国家骨干电网中的工程应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[16]刘俊丰.补偿三相不对称负荷的SVC控制方法的研究[硕士论文].西安:西安理工大学.2005
[17]徐春侠,李庚银,赵成勇,王勇,侯进峰,郝剑欣.韶山IV型电力机车谐波分析[J].华北电力大学学报,1998
[18]陈浩,李战鹰.SS-8型电力机车的谐波分析.广东电力,2004
[19]周勇.电力机车负荷注入电网的负序和谐波.郑州工学院学报.
[20]韩柳,谈顺涛.电气化铁路对电网的影响及策略[J].江苏电机工程,2005
[21]Chung,C.Y.;Tse,C.T.;Cheung,C.K.;Yu,C.W.;Wang,K.W.;"New approach for static Var compensator controller design",Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,2000.Proceedings.DRPT2000.International Conference on 4-7 April 2000
[22]郭知彼.电气化铁路电能质量的综合治理[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2006
[23]李彦哲,胡彦奎,王果,张蕊萍.电气化铁道供电技术与设计[M].兰州大学出版社,2006
[24]吴命利,范瑜.星形延边三角形接线平衡变压器的阻抗匹配与数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2003
[25]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T15543-2008.电能质量三相电压不平衡,2008
[26]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T14549-93.电能质量公用电网谐波,1993
[27]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T15945-2008.电能质量电力系统频率偏差,2008
[28]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T12325-2008.电能质量供电电压偏差,2008
[29]国家技术监督局.中华人民共和国标准GB/T12326-2008.电能质量电压波动和闪变,2008
[30]IEEE Std 1459-2000,IEEE Trial-Use Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal,Nonsinusoidal,Balanced,or Unbalanced Conditions,2000
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