矩叶卫矛和广藿香化学成分及生物活性研究
|
摘要
本论文包括矩叶卫矛茎和广藿香梗的化学成分及其生物活性研究两部分。
矩叶卫矛Euonymus oblongifolius Loes. et Rehd是卫矛科卫矛属植物,是中国的特有植物,分布于浙江、福建、江西、湖南、广东等地。卫矛属植物大多用于治疗跌打损伤、风湿痹痛、活血止血、杀虫消毒等。
到目前为止,对矩叶卫矛化学成分和生物活性的研究报道很少,为了寻找活性化合物,我们对矩叶卫矛茎进行了研究。初期的药理实验结果表明,矩叶卫矛茎95%乙醇提取物具有良好的保肝活性,氯仿部位还表现出醛糖还原酶抑制活性。为了进一步探明药效基础物质,我们对矩叶卫矛茎95%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学成分研究,从中得到42个化合物,鉴定了其中的40个,包括11个二萜,7个倍半萜,7个三萜,13个木脂素,2个酚酸。
采用谱学和化学方法确定其结构为：Euopentone A (1*), Euonipelic acid A (2*), Euonipelic acid B (3*), Euonipelic acid C (4*), Euonipelic acid D (5*), Euonipelic acid E (6*), Euonipelic acid F (7*), Euonabiolic acid A (8*),1β,6α-二乙酰氧基-2β,9a-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9*),2,3-seco-22,29-lactone-oleane-12-ene-2,3-dioic acid (10*),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (11*),(-)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (12*),8β-hydroxy-18-nor-4(5),15-isopimaradien-3-one (13),7a-hydroxy-8(14),15-isopimaradien-19-oic acid (14),6,7-dehydrosandarapimaric acid (15),1β,6α-二乙酰氧基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(16),1β,2β,6α,12-四乙酰氧基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(17),1β,6α,15-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(18),1β,2β,6α-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(19),1β,6α,12-三乙酰氧基-2β,9α-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(20),1β-乙酰氧基-6a-羟基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(21),2α,3α-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (22),3-epi-betulin (23),3β,24-羽扇豆-二醇(24),lup-20(29)-en-3β,30-diol (25), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (26), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (27),5-去甲氧基松脂酚(28),松脂酚(29),丁香脂素(30),4,7,9-三羟基-3,3'-二甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯-9'-醛(31),(+)-(7S,8R,7'E)-4,7,9,9'-四羟基-3,3',5'-三甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯(32),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (33),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (34),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolign an-7",9"-diol (35),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (36),2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,O]octan-6-one (37), threo-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy phenyl)-3-ethoxypropane-l,2-diol (38),4-乙基-苯乙二醇(39),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯丙酮(40)。其中1*-12*为新化合物。
在对单体化合物的体外细胞药理筛选中,新化合物2*,6*,7*表现出较好的抗神经炎活性,在10-5M浓度时,抑制率达到59.0%,62.0%,71.8%。新化合物3*对A549细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,IC50值为2.57×10-6mol/L。
广藿香Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth.是唇形科刺蕊草属植物,是常用芳香化湿中药,有和中止呕、发表解暑的功效。对广藿香梗70%乙醇提取物的体外药理筛选发现其有较强的肝细胞保护和降糖活性。为了探明其发挥药效的物质基础,我们对广藿香梗70%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学成分研究。
从广藿香梗中共得到50个化合物,鉴定了43个,包括有5个倍半萜,10个苯乙醇苷,6个木脂素(苷),5个黄酮,3个单萜,8个芳香小分子化合物,1个生物碱,5个三萜和甾体,1个脂肪酸。单体化合物鉴定为：Patchoulone A(1*), Patchoulone B(2*), Patchoulone C(3*), Patchoulone D(4*), isocrenatoside(5), isoacteoside(6),列当苷(7),3"'-O-methylcrenatoside(8),毛蕊花糖苷(9),leucosceptoside A(10),肉苁蓉苷D(11),β-Oxoacteoside(12), decaffeoyl isocrenatoside(13), decaffeoyl acteoside (14), tortoside F(15),3,3',5,5'-四甲氧基-7,9',7',9-双环氧木脂烷-4-氧-葡萄糖苷(16),(7R,8S)-4,7,9-三羟基-3,3'-二甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯-9'-醛(17),busaliol (18),(7'S,8R, S'R)-4,4',7'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9,9'-epoxy lignan(19), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(20),4-hydroxy-10-epirotundone(21),5,4'-二羟基-7,3'-二甲氧基黄酮(22),商路黄素(23),5,4'-二羟基-3,7,3'-三甲氧基黄酮(24),5-羟基-3,7,3',4'-四甲氧基黄酮(25),(2R)-5,7-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(26),(6S)-dehydrovomifoliol(27),vomifoliol (28),(-)-loliolide (29),4-methyl-6-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrones(30),4-甲基-6-(3-甲基丁基)吡喃酮(31),4-甲基-6-(1-甲基丙基)吡哺酮(32),(+)-R-de-O-methylasiodiplodin(33),(E)-ferulaldehyde (34),3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(35),对羟基苯甲酸(36),4-乙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯甲醛(37),松胞菌素H(38),3β-羟基豆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(39),3β-羟基豆甾-5-烯-7-酮(40),stigmast-4-ene-6α-ol-3-one(41),豆甾-4,22-二烯-6a-羟基-3-酮(42),3β,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(43)。其中1*-4*为新化合物。
在体外药理筛选试验中,广藿香梗提取物和单体均表现出较好的醛糖还原酶抑制活性,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位的抑制率分别达到90.7%和87.9%,单体化合物7,9,10,12的抑制率分别达100%,90.7%,98.9%和92.7%,IC50值分别为0.99×10-7mol/L,3.68×10-7mol/L,7.42×10-7mol/L,8.69×l0-7mol/L。在肝细胞损伤保护活性测试中,单体化合物13,23,26,28,31,34,39-42表现出显著活性。抗流感病毒活性筛选实验结果发现,新化合物1*和3*,以及化合物25,40有一定的抑制感染病毒细胞增殖的活性。
This dissertation contained the studies on the chemical and biological activities of two plants, Euonymus oblongifolius Loes. et Rehd. and Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth.
E. oblongifolius, a specific plant of China, is widely distributed in the southern parts of China, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong, etc. It is a type of genus Euonymus, Celastraceae family, which is commonly used in traditional medicines for regulating blood circulation, relieving pain, eliminating stagnant blood and treating dysmenorrheal.
Previous researches about E. oblongifolius were mainly focused on ecological and plant distribution, but chemical constituents of this plant were seldomly reported. In order to discover active compounds, it is of great significance to investigate its constituents. Preliminary pharmaceutical screening indicated that95%ethanol extracts of the stems of E. oblongifolius displayed potent hepatoprotective activities.To explore the active compounds, systematic phytochemical investigationswere carried out and42compounds were obtained, wherein40compounds were characterized, including11diterpenes,7sesquiterpenes,7triterpenes,13lignans, and2phenolic acids.
The compounds characterized by spectroscopicand chemical methods were: Euopentone A (1*), Euonipelic acid A (2*), Euonipelic acid B (3*), Euonipelic acid C (4*), Euonipelic acid D (5*), Euonipelic acid E (6*), Euonipelic acid F (7*), Euonabiolic acid A (8*),1β,6α-diacetoxy-2β,9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (9*),2,3-seco-22,29-lactone-oleane-12-ene-2,3-dioic acid (10*),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (11*),(-)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(12*),8β-hydroxy-18-nor-4(5),15-isopimaradien-3-one(13),7α-hydroxy-8(14),15-isopimaradien-19-oic acid (14),6,7-dehydrosandarapimaric acid (15),1β,6α-diacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (16),1β,2β,6α,12-tetraacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (17),1β,6α,15-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (18),1β,2β,6α-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (19),1β,6α,12-triacetoxy-2β,9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (20),1β-acetoxy-6α-hydroxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (21),2α,3α-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (22),3-epi-betulin (23),3β,24-lup-diol (24), lup-20(29)-en-3β30-diol (25), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (26), lup-20(29)-en-3a,30-diol (27),5-demethyl pinoresinol (28), pinoresinol (29), syringaresinol (30),4,7, 9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neoligna-7'-ene-9'-aldehyde (31),(+)-(7S,8R, TE)-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8-O-4'-neoligna-7'-ene(32),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (33),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (34),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4'4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (35),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (36),2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,O]octan-6-one(37),threo-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-etho xypropane-1,2-diol (38),4-ethyl-benzoglycols (39),4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone (40).1*-12*were newcompounds.
In in vitro screenings of pure compounds, the new compounds2*,6*, and7*exhibited sound activities against neurophlegmon. Under concentration of10-5M, the inhibition rate reached59.0%,62.0%, and71.8%. New compound3*remarkably inhibited A549cell line growth, with IC50value of2.57×10-6mol/L.
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth., is a member of genus Pogostemon, Lamiaceae family. P. cablinis a traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic function for heat and dampness elimination, nerves smoothness and fatigue alleviation. It was also used as a component of some proprietary Chinese medicines against indigestion, headache, and fever. The in vitro screening toward70%extract of the stems of P. cablin exhibited that it displayed remarkable hepatoprotective and blood sugar decreasing functions. In order to discover the functional substances, we studied the chemical constituents of the extract systematically.
50compounds were isolated and43were elucidated. There were5sesquiterpenes,10phenethanol glycosides,6lignans (glycosides),5flavones,3monoterpenes,8phenolic molecules,1alkanoid,5triterpenes (steroids), and1fatty acid. All the compounds were characterized as:Patchoulone A (1*), Patchoulone B (2*), Patchoulone C (3*), Patchoulone D (4*), isocrenatoside (5), isoacteoside (6), acteoside (7),3"'-O-methylcrenatoside (8), verbascoside (9), leucosceptoside A(10), cistanoside D(11), β-Oxoacteoside (12), decaffeoyl isocrenatoside(13), decaffeoyl acteoside(14), tortoside F(15),3,3',5,5'-dimethoxy-7,9',7',9-diepoxylignane-4-O-glycoside(16),(7R,8S)-4,7,9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7'-ene-9'-aldehyde(17), busaliol(18),(7'S,8R,8'R)-4,4',7'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9,9'-epoxy lignan (19), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol (20),4-hydroxy-10-epirotundone (21),5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavone (22), ombuin (23),5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxy flavone (24), 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone (25),(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy flavonone (26),(6S)-dehydrovomifoliol (27), vomifoliol (28),(-)-loliolide (29),4-methyl-6-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrone (30),4-methyl-6-(3-methylbutyl)pyrone (31),4-methyl-6-(1-methylpropyl) pyrone (32),(+)-R-de-O-methylasiodiplodin (33),(E)-ferulaldehyde (34),3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde (35),p-hydroxybenzoic acid (36),4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxy benzaldehyde (37), cytochalasin H (38),3β-hydroxystigmast-5,22-diene-7-one (39),3β-hydroxystigmast-5-ene-7-one (40), stigmast-4-ene-6α-ol-3-one (41),stigmast-4,22-diene-6a-hydroxy-3-one(42),3β,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (43).1*-4*were new.
In in vitro bioassays, the extract and some compounds exhibited significant aldose reductase inhibiting function. Thealdose reductase inhibition rate of EtOAc and BuOH parts were90.7%and87.9%, respectively. The inhibition rates of compounds7,9,10,12were100%,90.7%,98.9%, and92.7%, respectively, while the IC50values were0.99×10-7mol/L,3.68×10-7mol/L,7.42×10-7mol/L, and8.69×10-7mol/L, respectively. Compounds13,23,26,28,31,34,39-42exhibited sound activities in the hepatoprotective bioassay. The results of the in vitro anti-influnenza trial disclosed that1*,3*,25,40showed inhibition funcitions against the infected cells.
矩叶卫矛Euonymus oblongifolius Loes. et Rehd是卫矛科卫矛属植物,是中国的特有植物,分布于浙江、福建、江西、湖南、广东等地。卫矛属植物大多用于治疗跌打损伤、风湿痹痛、活血止血、杀虫消毒等。
到目前为止,对矩叶卫矛化学成分和生物活性的研究报道很少,为了寻找活性化合物,我们对矩叶卫矛茎进行了研究。初期的药理实验结果表明,矩叶卫矛茎95%乙醇提取物具有良好的保肝活性,氯仿部位还表现出醛糖还原酶抑制活性。为了进一步探明药效基础物质,我们对矩叶卫矛茎95%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学成分研究,从中得到42个化合物,鉴定了其中的40个,包括11个二萜,7个倍半萜,7个三萜,13个木脂素,2个酚酸。
采用谱学和化学方法确定其结构为：Euopentone A (1*), Euonipelic acid A (2*), Euonipelic acid B (3*), Euonipelic acid C (4*), Euonipelic acid D (5*), Euonipelic acid E (6*), Euonipelic acid F (7*), Euonabiolic acid A (8*),1β,6α-二乙酰氧基-2β,9a-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9*),2,3-seco-22,29-lactone-oleane-12-ene-2,3-dioic acid (10*),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (11*),(-)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (12*),8β-hydroxy-18-nor-4(5),15-isopimaradien-3-one (13),7a-hydroxy-8(14),15-isopimaradien-19-oic acid (14),6,7-dehydrosandarapimaric acid (15),1β,6α-二乙酰氧基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(16),1β,2β,6α,12-四乙酰氧基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(17),1β,6α,15-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(18),1β,2β,6α-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(19),1β,6α,12-三乙酰氧基-2β,9α-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(20),1β-乙酰氧基-6a-羟基-9a-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(21),2α,3α-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (22),3-epi-betulin (23),3β,24-羽扇豆-二醇(24),lup-20(29)-en-3β,30-diol (25), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (26), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (27),5-去甲氧基松脂酚(28),松脂酚(29),丁香脂素(30),4,7,9-三羟基-3,3'-二甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯-9'-醛(31),(+)-(7S,8R,7'E)-4,7,9,9'-四羟基-3,3',5'-三甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯(32),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (33),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (34),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolign an-7",9"-diol (35),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (36),2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,O]octan-6-one (37), threo-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy phenyl)-3-ethoxypropane-l,2-diol (38),4-乙基-苯乙二醇(39),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯丙酮(40)。其中1*-12*为新化合物。
在对单体化合物的体外细胞药理筛选中,新化合物2*,6*,7*表现出较好的抗神经炎活性,在10-5M浓度时,抑制率达到59.0%,62.0%,71.8%。新化合物3*对A549细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,IC50值为2.57×10-6mol/L。
广藿香Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth.是唇形科刺蕊草属植物,是常用芳香化湿中药,有和中止呕、发表解暑的功效。对广藿香梗70%乙醇提取物的体外药理筛选发现其有较强的肝细胞保护和降糖活性。为了探明其发挥药效的物质基础,我们对广藿香梗70%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学成分研究。
从广藿香梗中共得到50个化合物,鉴定了43个,包括有5个倍半萜,10个苯乙醇苷,6个木脂素(苷),5个黄酮,3个单萜,8个芳香小分子化合物,1个生物碱,5个三萜和甾体,1个脂肪酸。单体化合物鉴定为：Patchoulone A(1*), Patchoulone B(2*), Patchoulone C(3*), Patchoulone D(4*), isocrenatoside(5), isoacteoside(6),列当苷(7),3"'-O-methylcrenatoside(8),毛蕊花糖苷(9),leucosceptoside A(10),肉苁蓉苷D(11),β-Oxoacteoside(12), decaffeoyl isocrenatoside(13), decaffeoyl acteoside (14), tortoside F(15),3,3',5,5'-四甲氧基-7,9',7',9-双环氧木脂烷-4-氧-葡萄糖苷(16),(7R,8S)-4,7,9-三羟基-3,3'-二甲氧基-8,4'-氧新木脂烷-7'-烯-9'-醛(17),busaliol (18),(7'S,8R, S'R)-4,4',7'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9,9'-epoxy lignan(19), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(20),4-hydroxy-10-epirotundone(21),5,4'-二羟基-7,3'-二甲氧基黄酮(22),商路黄素(23),5,4'-二羟基-3,7,3'-三甲氧基黄酮(24),5-羟基-3,7,3',4'-四甲氧基黄酮(25),(2R)-5,7-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(26),(6S)-dehydrovomifoliol(27),vomifoliol (28),(-)-loliolide (29),4-methyl-6-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrones(30),4-甲基-6-(3-甲基丁基)吡喃酮(31),4-甲基-6-(1-甲基丙基)吡哺酮(32),(+)-R-de-O-methylasiodiplodin(33),(E)-ferulaldehyde (34),3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(35),对羟基苯甲酸(36),4-乙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯甲醛(37),松胞菌素H(38),3β-羟基豆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(39),3β-羟基豆甾-5-烯-7-酮(40),stigmast-4-ene-6α-ol-3-one(41),豆甾-4,22-二烯-6a-羟基-3-酮(42),3β,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(43)。其中1*-4*为新化合物。
在体外药理筛选试验中,广藿香梗提取物和单体均表现出较好的醛糖还原酶抑制活性,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位的抑制率分别达到90.7%和87.9%,单体化合物7,9,10,12的抑制率分别达100%,90.7%,98.9%和92.7%,IC50值分别为0.99×10-7mol/L,3.68×10-7mol/L,7.42×10-7mol/L,8.69×l0-7mol/L。在肝细胞损伤保护活性测试中,单体化合物13,23,26,28,31,34,39-42表现出显著活性。抗流感病毒活性筛选实验结果发现,新化合物1*和3*,以及化合物25,40有一定的抑制感染病毒细胞增殖的活性。
This dissertation contained the studies on the chemical and biological activities of two plants, Euonymus oblongifolius Loes. et Rehd. and Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth.
E. oblongifolius, a specific plant of China, is widely distributed in the southern parts of China, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong, etc. It is a type of genus Euonymus, Celastraceae family, which is commonly used in traditional medicines for regulating blood circulation, relieving pain, eliminating stagnant blood and treating dysmenorrheal.
Previous researches about E. oblongifolius were mainly focused on ecological and plant distribution, but chemical constituents of this plant were seldomly reported. In order to discover active compounds, it is of great significance to investigate its constituents. Preliminary pharmaceutical screening indicated that95%ethanol extracts of the stems of E. oblongifolius displayed potent hepatoprotective activities.To explore the active compounds, systematic phytochemical investigationswere carried out and42compounds were obtained, wherein40compounds were characterized, including11diterpenes,7sesquiterpenes,7triterpenes,13lignans, and2phenolic acids.
The compounds characterized by spectroscopicand chemical methods were: Euopentone A (1*), Euonipelic acid A (2*), Euonipelic acid B (3*), Euonipelic acid C (4*), Euonipelic acid D (5*), Euonipelic acid E (6*), Euonipelic acid F (7*), Euonabiolic acid A (8*),1β,6α-diacetoxy-2β,9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (9*),2,3-seco-22,29-lactone-oleane-12-ene-2,3-dioic acid (10*),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde (11*),(-)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(12*),8β-hydroxy-18-nor-4(5),15-isopimaradien-3-one(13),7α-hydroxy-8(14),15-isopimaradien-19-oic acid (14),6,7-dehydrosandarapimaric acid (15),1β,6α-diacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (16),1β,2β,6α,12-tetraacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (17),1β,6α,15-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (18),1β,2β,6α-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (19),1β,6α,12-triacetoxy-2β,9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (20),1β-acetoxy-6α-hydroxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (21),2α,3α-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (22),3-epi-betulin (23),3β,24-lup-diol (24), lup-20(29)-en-3β30-diol (25), lup-20(29)-en-3α,30-diol (26), lup-20(29)-en-3a,30-diol (27),5-demethyl pinoresinol (28), pinoresinol (29), syringaresinol (30),4,7, 9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neoligna-7'-ene-9'-aldehyde (31),(+)-(7S,8R, TE)-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8-O-4'-neoligna-7'-ene(32),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (33),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4',4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (34),(-)-(7R,7'R,7"S,8S,8'S,8"S)-4'4"-dihydroxy-3,3',3",5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8"-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7",9"-diol (35),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol (36),2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,O]octan-6-one(37),threo-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-etho xypropane-1,2-diol (38),4-ethyl-benzoglycols (39),4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone (40).1*-12*were newcompounds.
In in vitro screenings of pure compounds, the new compounds2*,6*, and7*exhibited sound activities against neurophlegmon. Under concentration of10-5M, the inhibition rate reached59.0%,62.0%, and71.8%. New compound3*remarkably inhibited A549cell line growth, with IC50value of2.57×10-6mol/L.
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth., is a member of genus Pogostemon, Lamiaceae family. P. cablinis a traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic function for heat and dampness elimination, nerves smoothness and fatigue alleviation. It was also used as a component of some proprietary Chinese medicines against indigestion, headache, and fever. The in vitro screening toward70%extract of the stems of P. cablin exhibited that it displayed remarkable hepatoprotective and blood sugar decreasing functions. In order to discover the functional substances, we studied the chemical constituents of the extract systematically.
50compounds were isolated and43were elucidated. There were5sesquiterpenes,10phenethanol glycosides,6lignans (glycosides),5flavones,3monoterpenes,8phenolic molecules,1alkanoid,5triterpenes (steroids), and1fatty acid. All the compounds were characterized as:Patchoulone A (1*), Patchoulone B (2*), Patchoulone C (3*), Patchoulone D (4*), isocrenatoside (5), isoacteoside (6), acteoside (7),3"'-O-methylcrenatoside (8), verbascoside (9), leucosceptoside A(10), cistanoside D(11), β-Oxoacteoside (12), decaffeoyl isocrenatoside(13), decaffeoyl acteoside(14), tortoside F(15),3,3',5,5'-dimethoxy-7,9',7',9-diepoxylignane-4-O-glycoside(16),(7R,8S)-4,7,9-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7'-ene-9'-aldehyde(17), busaliol(18),(7'S,8R,8'R)-4,4',7'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9,9'-epoxy lignan (19), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol (20),4-hydroxy-10-epirotundone (21),5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavone (22), ombuin (23),5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxy flavone (24), 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone (25),(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy flavonone (26),(6S)-dehydrovomifoliol (27), vomifoliol (28),(-)-loliolide (29),4-methyl-6-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrone (30),4-methyl-6-(3-methylbutyl)pyrone (31),4-methyl-6-(1-methylpropyl) pyrone (32),(+)-R-de-O-methylasiodiplodin (33),(E)-ferulaldehyde (34),3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde (35),p-hydroxybenzoic acid (36),4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxy benzaldehyde (37), cytochalasin H (38),3β-hydroxystigmast-5,22-diene-7-one (39),3β-hydroxystigmast-5-ene-7-one (40), stigmast-4-ene-6α-ol-3-one (41),stigmast-4,22-diene-6a-hydroxy-3-one(42),3β,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (43).1*-4*were new.
In in vitro bioassays, the extract and some compounds exhibited significant aldose reductase inhibiting function. Thealdose reductase inhibition rate of EtOAc and BuOH parts were90.7%and87.9%, respectively. The inhibition rates of compounds7,9,10,12were100%,90.7%,98.9%, and92.7%, respectively, while the IC50values were0.99×10-7mol/L,3.68×10-7mol/L,7.42×10-7mol/L, and8.69×10-7mol/L, respectively. Compounds13,23,26,28,31,34,39-42exhibited sound activities in the hepatoprotective bioassay. The results of the in vitro anti-influnenza trial disclosed that1*,3*,25,40showed inhibition funcitions against the infected cells.
引文
[1]Liu Z. L., Jia Z. J., et al. Six New sesquiterpenes from Euonymus nanoides and their antitumor effects [J]. Planta Med,2004,70 (4):353-358.
[2]Liu Z. L., Jia Z. J., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus nanoides [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.,2004,15 (2):197-199.
[3]Jr. C. D., Bazzocchi I. L., et al. New sesquiteroenes from Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2002,50 (2):199-202.
[4]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. New sesquiterpene polyesters from Euonymus Species [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1995,58(8):1192-1199.
[5]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. Isolation and structure elucidation of four new dihydro-β-agarofuran polyesters from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1994,22:3281-3285.
[6]Hohmann J., Gunther G., A novel sesquiterpenoid from Euonymus kiautschovicus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1994,57 (2):320-323.
[7]Hohmann J., Dini Z., et al. Sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus nanus [J]. Phytochemistry,1994,35 (5):1267-1270.
[8]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. A sesquiterpene polyol ester from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,33 (2):503-505.
[9]Rozsa Z., Perjesi A., et al. New sesquiterpene esters and alkaloids from Euonymus japonicus:the'Ejap'series. X-Ray molecular structures of Ejap-2,-3,-4,-5,-6, and-10 [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1989,6:1079-1087.
[10]Begley M. J., Crombie L., et al. New sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus verrucosus:the'Ever'series. X-Ray molecular structure of Ever-1 [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1986,535-539.
[11]Yamada K., Sugiura K. et al. Isolation and structures of euonymine and neoeuonymine, alkaloids from Euonymus Sieboldiana Blume [J]. Tetrahedron,1977, 33(14):1725-1728.
[12]Wang H., Yang L., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus phellomana Loes [J]. Pharmazie,2001,56 (11):889-891.
[13]Wang H., Tian X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus phellomana Loes [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2000,11 (4):331-332.
[14]Wang H., Tian X., et al. A new antitumour sesquiterpene from the Euonymus nanoides [J]. J. Chem. Research.,2003,509-510.
[15]Wang H., Tian X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus nanoides [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2002,13 (11):1063-1066.
[16]Ujita K., Takaishi Y., et al. Euonydin A-1-A-5, sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus sieboldianus [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31 (4):1289-1292.
[17]Ueda K., Matayoshi N., et al. A sesquiterpene polyester from Euonymus tanakae [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,33 (1):230-232.
[18]Tu Y. Q., Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 1990,53 (4):915-919.
[19]Tu Y. Q., Bioactive sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1990,53 (3):603-608.
[20]涂永强,吴大刚等.卫矛科植物化学成分的生物活性研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1992,28(8)：173-176.
[21]Tu Y., Wu D., et al. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastraceae [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31 (4):1281-1283.
[22]Sugiura K., Shizuri Y., et al. Structure of alatol, a hydrolysis product of a sesquiterpene polyester, alatolin from Euonymus alatus forma striatus (Thunb.) Makino, and transformation of evoninol to alatol [J]. Tetrahedron,1982,38 (23): 3465-3469.
[23]Zhu J. B., Wang M. G., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Euonymus species [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61:699-704.
[24]Yamada K., Sugiura K., et al. Isolation and structures of euonymine and neoeuonymine, alkaloids from Euonymus Sieboldiana Blume [J]. Tetrahedron,1977, 33 (14):1725-1728.
[25]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. Two sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3):879-880.
[26]Yamada K., Shizuri Y., et al. Isolation and structures of a new alkaloid alatamine and an insecticidal alkaloid wilfordine from Euonymus alatus forma striatus (thunb.) makino [J]. Tetrahedron,1978,34(13):1915-1920.
[27]Ishiwata H., Shizuri Y., et al. Three sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus alatus forma Striatus [J]. Phytochemistry,1983,22 (12):2839-2841.
[28]Han B. H., Park M. K., et al. Polyester Type Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Euonymus japonica (Structures of euojaponine-D,-F,-G,-J and-K) [J]. Arch. Pharm. Res.,1989,12 (4):306-309.
[29]Han B. H., Ryu J. H., et al. New Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Euonymus japonica: Structures of Euojaponines D, F, J, and K [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1990,53 (4):909-914.
[30]Han B. H., Park M. K., et al. Sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus japonica [J]. Phytochemistry,1990,29 (7):2303-2307.
[31]Crombie L., Ham P. J., et al. New sesquiterpenoid alkaloids from Euonymus europea [J]. Phytochemistry,1973,12 (3):703-705.
[32]Jr. C. D., Bazzocchi I. L., et al. New Sesquiteroenes from Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2002,50 (2):199-202.
[33]Kuo Y.H., Huang H.C., et al.A novel NO-production-inhibiting triterpene and cytotoxicity of known alkaloids from Euonymus laxiflorus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.2003,66 (4):554-557.
[34]毛士龙,桑圣民等.宝兴卫矛中三萜成分研究[J].中草药,2000,31(10)：729.
[35]张振家,石丽霞等.东北卫矛中的三萜化合物研究[J].科研简报Chin Pharm J., 2000,35 (10):700.
[36]徐满珍,阮金兰.绿舒筋化学成分研究[J].医药导报,2008,27(5)：511-512.
[37]瞿发林,丁青龙等.扶芳藤化学成分研究[J].南京军医学院学报,2001,23(4)：221-226.
[38]任宛莉,胡合娇等.常春卫矛中五环三萜成分的研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2006,33(2)：196-199.
[39]方振峰,李占林等.鬼箭羽的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2007,38(6)：810-812.
[40]毛士龙,桑圣民等.宝兴卫矛中甾体成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(5)：14.
[41]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al. New D:A-friedooleananes from Euonymus revolutus(celastraceae) [J]. J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans 1 1985,685-689.
[42]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al.A lupenediol from Euonymus revolutus [J].Phytochemistry,1985,24(6):1337-1340.
[43]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al. Triterpenes from Euonymus revolutus [J]. Phytochemistry,1985,24 (10):2454-2455.
[44]王奎武,三花假卫矛三萜类化学成分的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2008,28(3)：94-96.
[45]Kitanaka S., Takido M., et al. Cytotoxic cardenolides from woods of Euonymus alata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1996,44 (3):615-617.
[46]Baek N. I., Lee Y. H., et al. Euonymoside A:A new cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside from the bark of Euonymus sieboldianus [J]. Planta Med,1994,60:26-29.
[47]王萍,杨炳友等.卫矛抗心肌缺血有效部位的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2008,39(7)：965-967.
[48]Zhao Z., Dong L., et al. Preliminary separation and purification of rutin and quercetin from Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold extracts by macroporous resins [J]. Food Bio Process.2010.
[49]Zhu J. B., Wang M. G., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpenepyridine alkaloids from Euonymus species [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61 (6):699.
[50]陈科,潘德济等.鬼箭羽中的黄烷成分[J].中草药,1986,17(3)：1.
[51]XiaoK.Z., JinH. G., et al. Threenewsesquiterpenesfrom Euonymusschensianus Maxim [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2009,20:952-954.
[52]Tantray M. A., Shawl A. S., et al. Two new coumarins from Euonymus hamiltonianus [J]. Fitoterapia,2008,79:234-235.
[53]Bishay D. W., Kowalewski Z., et al. Peptide and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from Euonymus europaeus [J]. Phytochemistry,1973,12 (3):693-698.
[54]瞿发林,丁青龙等.扶芳藤化学成分研究(Ⅱ)[J].西南国防医药,2002,12(4)：349-351.
[55]Jeong E. J., Yang H., et al. Inhibitory constituents of Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs on nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia cells [J]. Food Chem. Toxic., 2011,49:1394-1398.
[56]Jeong E. J., Cho J. H., et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by lignans isolated from Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs [J]. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,2011,21: 2283-2286.
[57]Takaishi Y, Ujita K, et al. Inhibitory effect s of dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenes on Epstein-Barr virus activition [J]. Cancer Lett,1992,65 (1):19.
[58]Ujita K, Takaishi Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of triptogolin A21 on 12-O-tet radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-inducedskin tumor promotion [J]. Cancer Lett,1993, 68 (2-3):129.
[59]杨锦南,梁东良等.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇抗脑白血病的作用及机制[J].新乡医学院学报,2002,18(4)：405.
[60]Cha B. Y., Park C. J., et al. Inhibitory effect of methanol extractof Euonymus alatus on matrix metalIoproteinase-9 [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,85 (1): 163-167.
[61]Jin U. H., Lee J. Y., et al. A phenolic compound,5-caffeoylquinicacid (chlorogenic acid), is a new type and strong matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor:Isolation and identification from methanol extract of Euonymus alatus [J]. Life Sciences,2005,77 (22):2760-2769.
[62]Park W. H., Kim S. H., et al. A new matrix metalloproteinase-9inhibitor 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) from methanol extract of Euonymusalatus: isolation and structure determination [J]. Toxicology,2005,207 (3):383-390.
[63]Seo U. K., Lee Y. J., et al. Large-scale and effective screening ofKorean medicinal plants for inhibitory activity on matrix metalloproteinase-9 [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,97 (1):101-106.
[64]Chung H. S., Jeong H. J., et al. Activation of inducible nitricoxide synthase by Euonymus alatus in mouse peritoneal macrophages [J]. Clinica Chimica Acta,2002, 318(1-2):113-120.
[65]Kim C.H., Kim D.I., et al.Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb inducesapoptosis via mitochondrial pathway as prooxidant in human uterine leiomyomal smoothmuscle cells [J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer,2006,16:843-848.
[66]Lee T. K., Lee J.Y., et al. Differential regulation of protein kinase Cactivity by modulating factors and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb in human myometrial anduterine leiomyomal smooth muscle cells [J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer,2005,15: 349-358.
[67]宋春华,张训桓等.绿舒筋对小鼠巨噬细胞Fc和C3b受体活性的影响[J].皖南医学院学报,1991,10(3)：157-160.
[68]叶嗣颖,黄庆华等.绿舒筋对实体型肝癌小鼠脾自然杀伤细胞活性的调节作用[J].同济医科大学学报,1998,27(2)：113-115.
[69]韩平戌,刘忠北等.中药绿舒筋对癌细胞DNA合成的影响[J].癌症,1990,9(6)：475-477.
[70]Kumarasamy P. J., Cox M. et al. Biological activity of Euonymus europaeus [J]. Fitoterapia,2003,74 (3):305-307.
[71]Sunil Kumar KC, Klaus Miiller. Medicinal plants from Nepal; Ⅱ.Evaluation as inhibitors oflipid peroxidation in biological membranes [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,1999,64 (2):135-139.
[72]Park S. H., Ko S. K., et al.Euonymus alatus prevents thehyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in ICR mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,102 (3):326-335.
[73]Duane R Schultz, Patricia I Arnold., et al. Effect of sequential glycolysis of the lectin ofEuonymus europaeus on activation of the classical complement pathway in normal humanserum [J]. Molecular Immunology,1982,19(12):1681-1689.
[74]D. R. Schultz, P. I. Arnold. Mechanism of activation of the classical complement pathway inhuman serum by a lectin from Euonymus europeus [J].Molecular Immunology,1982,19(11):1401.
[75]Karolien P. B. Van den Bergh, Paul Proost, et al. Five disulfide bridgesstabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (Euonymuseuropaeus L.) [J]. FEBS Lett,2002,530 (1-3):181-185.
[76]谢宗万,范崔生等.全国中草药汇编(下册)[M].第2版,北京：人民卫生出版社,1996.57.
[77]张为式.卫矛对小鼠心肌摄取131-铯的影响[J].药学通报,1981,16(7)：3.
[78]董陆陆,申凤玉等.鬼箭羽微量元素的分析[J].中医药信息,2000,17(2)：16.
[79]Yamada K, Shizuri Y, et al. Isolation and structures of anew alkaloid alatamine and an insecticidal alkaloid wilfordinefrom Euonymus alatus forma striatus (Thunb.) Makino [J]. Tetrahedron,1978,34 (13):1915.
[80]王巍,王晋桦等.鸡血藤、鬼箭羽和土鳖虫调脂作用的比较[J].中国中药杂志,1991,16(5)：299.
[1]Hideji Itokawa, Keiichi Suto, et al. Studies on a novel p-coumaroyl glucoside of apigenin and on other flavonoids isolated from Patchouli (Labiatae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.1981,29 (1):254-256.
[2]王大海,殷志琦,叶文才等.广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(20)：2704-2707.
[3]Mitsuo Miyazawa, Yoshiharu Okuno, et al. Antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from Pogostemon cablin [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem.,2000,48:642-647.
[4]E. Trifilieff. Isolation of the postulated precursor of nor-patchoulenol in Patchouli leaves [J]. Phytochemistry,1980,19(11):2467.
[5]Eun Jung Park, Hae Ran Park, et al. Licochalcone A:an inducer of cell differentiation and cytotoxic agent from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Planta Medica. 1998,64:464-466.
[6]丁文兵,林立东等.广藿香大极性化学成分的研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2009,17(6)：610-616.
[7]黄烈军,郝小江等.中药广藿香非挥发性成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4)：410-413.
[8]Anil P. Phadnis, Sarita A. Patwardhan, et al. Stemonolone, a new sesquiterpenoid from Pogostemon plectranthoides (Desf) [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Pekin Trans. I,1984: 937-939.
[9]G. Marti-Mestres et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007,331,139-144.
[10]G. Buchi, I. M. Goldman, et al. The structures of two alkaloids from Patchouli Oil [J].J.A.C.S.,1966,88:13
[11]Hiroshi Hikino, Kunio Ito, et al. Structure of Pogostol [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1968, 16(8):1608-1610.
[12]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005版一部[S].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：30.
[13]张英,张金超等.广藿香生药、化学及药理学的研究进展[J].中草药,2006,37(5)：786-790.
[14]张强,李章万等.广藿香挥发油成分的分析[J].华西药学杂志,1996,11(4)：249-250.
[15]Tsai Y. C., Hsu H. C., et al. a-Bulnesene, a PAF inhibitor isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin [J]. Fitoterapia,2007,78 (1):7-11.
[16]Zhou L., Xu M., et al. New patchoulol-type sesquiterpenoids from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta.,2011,94 (2):218-223.
[17]Terhune S. J., Hogg J. W., et al. Cycloseychellene, a new tetracyclic sesquiterpene from pogostemon cablin [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,1973,14 (47):4705-4706.
[18]Henderson W., Hart J. W., et al. Chemical and morphological studies on sites of sesquiterpene accumulation in Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) [J]. Phytochemistry, 1970,9(6):1219-1228.
[19]Wolff G., Ourisson G. et al. Le seychellene:Isolement et structure [J]. Tetrahedron, 1969,25 (19):4903-4914.
[20]Fumiyuki Kiuchi, Kenji Matsuo, et al. New sesquiterpene hydroperoxides with trypanocidal activity from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2004,52 (12):1495-1496.
[21]Nanda B., Patwardhan S. A., et al. Epoxyparvinolide, a secocaryophyllanolide from Pogostemon parviflorus [J]. Phytochemistry,1985,24 (11):2735-2736.
[22]Patwardhan S. A., Gtipta A. S., et al. An octamethoxyflavone from Pogostemon purpurascens [J]. Phytochemistry,1981,20 (6):1458-1459.
[23]Falak A. Hussaini, Sunita Agarwal., et al. Novel Cleistanthane Diterpenoids from Pogostemon auricularis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1988,51(2):212-216.
[24]关玲等.广藿香化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(6)：355-356.
[25]Lie-Chwen Lin, Yea-Hwey Wang, et al. The inhibitory effect of phenylpropanoid glycosides and iridoid glucosides on free radical production and (32 integrin expression in human leucocytes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,2006,58:129-135.
[26]张广文,广藿香中的黄酮类化合物[J].中草药,2001,32(10)：870-874.
[27]莫小路,蔡岳文等.两种广藿香精油的抗菌作用研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9)：34-36.
[28]张广文,蓝文健等.广藿香精油化学成分分析及其抗菌活性Ⅱ[J].中草药,2002,33(3)：210-212.
[29]杨得坡,Jean-Pierre C., et al.藿香和广藿香挥发油对皮肤癣菌和条件致病真菌的抑制作用[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(1)：9-11.
[30]罗超坤,广藿香水提物的抗菌实验研究[J].中药材,2005,28(8)：700-701.
[31]刘琥琥,罗集鹏等.广东高要与吴川产广藿香提取物对肠道致病菌抗菌作用的比较研究[J].中药材,1999,22(8)：408-411.
[32]杨得坡,Jean-Pierre C., et al.藿香和广藿香挥发油的抗皮肤细菌活性与化学成分的研究[J].微生物学杂志,1998,18(4)：1-5.
[33]Kongkathip N., Sam-ang P., et al. Development of patchouli extraction with quality control and isolation of active compounds with antibacterial activity [J]. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 2009,43:519-525.
[34]Li Yu Cui, Liang Hai Chun, et al. Anti-Candida albicans activity and pharmacokinetics of pogostone isolated from Pogostemonis Herba [J]. Phytomedicine,2012,20 (1):77-83.
[35]高相雷,熊盛等.广藿香三种有效部位体外抗柯萨奇病毒B3作用的初步研究[J].中药材,2009,32(5)：761-764.
[36]Lu T. C., Liao J. C., et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from Pogostemon cablin [J]. eCAM2009,1-9.
[37]赵书策,贾强等.广藿香提取物的抗炎、镇痛药理研究[J].中成药,2007,29(2)：285-287.
[38]Li, Y. C., Xian, Y. F., et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models [J]. Fitoterapia,2011,82 (8): 1295-1301.
[39]曾冬琴,彭映辉等.广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(4)：335-338..
[40]曾庆钱,蔡岳文等.广藿香精油的杀虫作用及其活性成分分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(3)：21-25.
[41]Roman P., Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76 (7-8):691-696.
[42]隋在云,吕丽莉等.广藿香挥发油对抗青蒿酯钠伯氏疟原虫膜脂质流动性的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,S1.
[43]刘爱如,于宗渊等.广藿香挥发油对抗青蒿酯钠伯氏疟原虫的选择性抗疟作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,S1,126-127.
[44]刘爱如,于宗渊等.广藿香挥发油对青蒿酯钠抗伯氏疟原虫的增效作用[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2000,18(2)：76-78.
[45]Y. Kinoshita, K. Koyama, et al. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth [J]. Phytomedicine,1999,6 (2):89-93.
[46]Kinoshita K., Kawai T., et al. Anti-emetic principles of Inula linariaefolia flowers and Forsythia suspensa fruits [J]. Phytomedicine,1996,3 (1):51-58.
[47]谢肄聪,唐方等.广藿香对肢体缺血-再灌注大鼠肠上皮细胞膜流动性的保护作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2009,29(7)：639-641.
[48]Kim H. W., Cho S. J., et al. Pogostemon cablin as ROS scavenger in oxidant-induced cell death of human neuroglioma cells [J]. eCAM2008,7 (2): 239-247.
[49]黄晓舞,刘睿婷等.广藿香醇对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆功能的影响[J].中草药,2009,40(9)：1431-1433.
[50]任守忠,张俊清等.广藿香醇的急性毒性实验[J].海南医学院学报,2009,15(12)：1503-1504.
[1]Dinan L., Savchenko T., et al. On the distribution of phytoecdysteroids in plants [J].Cell. Mol. Life Sci.,2001,58:1121-1132.
[2]Tokuoka T., Tobe H., et al. Phylogenetic analyses of malpighiales using plastid and nuclear DN A sequences, with particular reference to the embryology of Euphorbiaceae sens. str. [J]. J Plant Res,2006,119:599-616.
[3]Jeong E. J., Yang H., et al. Inhibitory constituents of Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs on nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia cells [J]. Food Chem. Toxic.,2011,49: 1394-1398.
[4]Sun H.D., Li S.H..Diterpenoids chemistry [M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2012:131.
[5]Zhu Y. D., Miao Z.H., et al. Cytotoxic Dihydroagarofuranoid Sesquiterpenes from the Seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1005-1010.
[6]Duan H.Q., Takaishi Y., et al. Immunosuppressive terpenoids from extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii [J]. Tetrahedron,2001,57:8413-8424.
[7]Xiong L., Zhu C. G., et al. Lignans and neolignans from Sinocalamus affinis and their absolute configurations [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2011,74:1188-1200.
[8]Li C. X., Li B., et al. A new norditerpenoid from Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. [J]. Nat. Prod. Res.,2012:1-6.
[9]Mihashi S., Yanagisawa I., et al. Further study on the diterpenes of Aralia spp. [J]. Tetrahedron Lett.,1969:1683-1686.
[10]Kuo Y. H., Chen W. C., et al. Four new terpenes from the pericarp of Platycladus orientalis [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2000,48(6):766-768.
[11]Yoshihisa T., Syunji O., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus stephanotiifolius with potential tumor-promotion inhibitory activity [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1993,56 (6):815-824.
[12]Tu Y.Q., Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 1990,53 (4):915-919.
[13]王明安,刘军等.刺南蛇藤倍半萜的研究[J].药学学报,1997,32(5)：368-372.
[14]Yoshihisa T., Kazuko T., et al. Sesquiterpene Polyol Esters from Tripterygium wilfordiivar Regelii. Phytochemistry,1991,30 (5):1567-1572.
[15]Muniru K. T., Ahmed H., et al. Mutangin, a dihydroagarofuranoid sesquiterpene insect antifreedant from Elagodendron buchananii [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3): 665-667.
[16]Zhu Y. D., Miao Z. H., et al. Cytotoxic dihydroagarofuranoid sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1005-1010.
[17]Chen I. H., Du Y. C., et al. Lupane-type triterpenoids from Microtropis fokienensis and Perrottetia arisanensis and the apoptotic effect of 28-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20 (29)-en-30-al [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1352-1357.
[18]M. Abdel-Mogib. A lupane triterpenoid from Maerua oblongifolia [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,51:445-448.
[19]Nisar U., Zaheer A., et al. A pentacyclic triterpene from Daphne oleoides [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,50:839-841.
[20]Winston F. T., Lynn C. B., et al. Lupane triterpenoids of salacia cordata [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1992,55 (3):395-398.
[21]古海峰,陈若芸等.香青兰化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3)：232-234.
[22]Zhang X., Xu J. K., et al. Antioxidant phenanthrenes and lignans from Dendrobium nobile [J]. J. Chin. Pharm. Sci.,2008,17:314-318.
[23]Lee D. Y., Song M. C., et al. Lignans from the fruits of Cornus kousaBurg and their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines [J]. Arch Pharm Res,2007,30 (4):402-407.
[24]Liao S. G., Yue J. M., et al., Lignans from Wikstroemia hainanensis [J]. Helvetica Chimica Acta,2006,89 (1):73-80.
[25]Keiji M., Takashi T., et al. Lignans of Larix leptolepis [J]. Phytochemistry,1980, 19:449-453.
[26]Yang X. W., Zhao P. J., et al. Mixed lignan-neolignans from Tarenna attenuata [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2007,70:521-525.
[27]金向群,徐东铭等.浙贝素的结构测定[J].药学学报,1993,28(3)：212-215.
[28]Lee T. H., Kuo Y. C., et al. Five new phenolics from the roots of Ficus beecheyana [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2002,65:1497-1500.
[29]Jin H., Li Z. Y.yi, et al. Enantioselective hydrolysis of various substituted styrene oxides with Aspergillus Niger CGMCC [J]. Org. Biomol. Chem.,2004,2:408-414.
[30]Ito J., Chang F. R., et al. Anti-AIDS Agent.48.1 Anti-HIV activity of moronic acid derivatives and the new melliferone-related triterpenoids isolated from Brazilian propolis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2001,64:1278-1281.
[31]黄烈军,穆淑珍等.中药广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4)：410-413.
[32]Toshio M., Akira K., et al. Studies on the acyl glycosides from Leucoseptrum japonicum (MIQ.) Kitamura et Murata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1982,30 (8):2732-2737.
[33]Li C. Q., Li B. G., et al. Three cyclooctapeptides and one glycoside from Microtoena prainiana [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2004,67:978-982.
[34]Andary C, Wylde R. et al. Structures of verbascoside and orobanchoside caffeic acid sugar esters from Orobanche rapum-genistae [J]. Phytochemistry,1982,21 (5): 1123-1127.
[35]刘晓明,姜勇等.肉苁蓉化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志,2011,46(14)：1053-1058.
[36]Nishibe S., Sasahara M., et al. Phenylethanoid glycosides from Plantago depressa [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,32 (4):975-977.
[37]Noriko S., Toshio M. et al. Phenylethanoid glycosides of Sesamum indicum [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3):729-732.
[38]Hiroaki N., Hiroshi S., et al. Six glycosides from Rehmannia Glutinosa. Pwprrea[J] Phytochemistry,1990,29 (10):3303-3306.
[39]Wang C. Z., Jia Z. J., et al. Lignan, phenylpropanoid and iridoid glycosides from Pedicularis Torta [J]. Phytochemistry,1997,45 (1):159-166.
[40]Shahat A. A., Abdel-Azim N. S., et al. Isolation and NMR spectra of syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside from Cressa cretica [J]. Fitoterapia,2004,75:771-773.
[41]A. Estevez-Braun, R. Estevez-Reyes, et al. Busaliol and busalicifol, two new tetrahydrofuran lignans from Bupleurum salicifolium [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1995,58 (6): 887-892.
[42]Yamauchi S., Hayashi Y., et al. Effect of benzylic oxygen on the antioxidant activity of phenolic lignans [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2005,68:1459-1470.
[43]Shi C., Xu M. J., et al. Phenolic compounds and their anti-oxidative properties and protein kinase inhibition from the Chinese mangrove plant Laguncularia racemosa [J]. Phytochemistry,2010,71:435-442.
[44]Achenbach H., Benirschke G.. et al. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps [J]. Phytochemistry,1997,45:149-157.
[45]Wagner H., Chari V. M., et al.13C-NMR-Spertren naturlich vorkommender flavonoide [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,1976,21:1799-1802.
[46]Itokawa H., Suto K., et al. Studies on a novel p-coumaroyl glycoside of apigenin and on other flavonoids isolated from Patchouli (Labiatae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1981,29 (1):254-256.
[47]Amalia G. V. Methylated flavonols in Larrea cuneifolia [J]. Phytochemistry,1972, 11:2821-2826.
[48]Wiley R. H., Esterle J. G.2-Pyrones. XXVII.4-methyl-6-alkyl-2-pyrones [J]. J. Org. Chem.1957,10:1257-1259.
[49]Knapp H.r, Weigand C. et al.2-Hydroxy-2,6,10,10-tetramethyl-l-oxaspiro [4.5] dec-6-en-8-one:Precursor of 8,9-Dehydrotheaspirone in White-Fleshed Nectarines [J]. J. Agric. Food. Chem,1997,45:1309-1313.
[50]Yamano Y., Ito M., et al. Synthesis of optically active vomifoliol and roseoside stereoisomers [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2005,53 (5):541-546.
[51]李燕,李春兰等.铁皮石斛化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(13)：1715-1719.
[52]Dieter R. K., Fishpaugh J. R., et al. Regioselective alkylation of 4, 6-dialkyl-substituted 2H-Pyran-2-ones [J]. J. Org. Chem.1987,52:923-926.
[53]Rudiyansyah, Mary J Garson. Secondary metabolites from the wood bark of Durio zibethinus and Durio kutejensis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2006,69:1218-1221.
[54]Barakat H. H., Nawwar M. A. M., et al. Niloticol, a phenolic glyceride and two phenolic aldehyde from the roots of Tamarix nilotica [J]. Phytochemistry,1987,26 (6): 1837-1838.
[55]Laurent P., Tahiri S.. et al. Hypervalent iodine-mediated oxygenative phenol dearomatization reactions [J]. Tetrahedron,2010,66:5908-5917.
[56]Goda Y, Shibuya M., et al. Inhibitions of prostaglandin biosynthesis from Mucuna birdwoodiana [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1987,35:2675-2677.
[57]Cresp T. M., Sargent M. V., et al. Formylation and bromination ortho to the hydroxy-group of 2-carbonyl-substituted phenols in the presence of titanium chloride [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1973:340-345.
[58]Tom S. C., George A. D., et al. Microbial transformation of L-696,474, a novel cytochalasin as an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1993,56 (5):755-761.
[59]尚小雅,王若兰等.紫红曲代谢产物中的甾体成分[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(14)：1809-1891.
[60]王紫娟,赵勤实等.菜厥的化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2009,21：960-962.
[61]Thuong P. T., Lee C. H., et al. Triterpenoids from the leaves of diospyros kaki (Persimmon) and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1775-1778.
[62]Erica H. G., Fernando C., et al. Monoglycerides and fatty acids from Ibervillea sonorae Root:Isolation and hypoglycemic activity [J]. Planta Med,2007,73:236-240.
[2]Liu Z. L., Jia Z. J., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus nanoides [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.,2004,15 (2):197-199.
[3]Jr. C. D., Bazzocchi I. L., et al. New sesquiteroenes from Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2002,50 (2):199-202.
[4]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. New sesquiterpene polyesters from Euonymus Species [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1995,58(8):1192-1199.
[5]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. Isolation and structure elucidation of four new dihydro-β-agarofuran polyesters from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1994,22:3281-3285.
[6]Hohmann J., Gunther G., A novel sesquiterpenoid from Euonymus kiautschovicus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1994,57 (2):320-323.
[7]Hohmann J., Dini Z., et al. Sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus nanus [J]. Phytochemistry,1994,35 (5):1267-1270.
[8]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. A sesquiterpene polyol ester from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,33 (2):503-505.
[9]Rozsa Z., Perjesi A., et al. New sesquiterpene esters and alkaloids from Euonymus japonicus:the'Ejap'series. X-Ray molecular structures of Ejap-2,-3,-4,-5,-6, and-10 [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1989,6:1079-1087.
[10]Begley M. J., Crombie L., et al. New sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus verrucosus:the'Ever'series. X-Ray molecular structure of Ever-1 [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1986,535-539.
[11]Yamada K., Sugiura K. et al. Isolation and structures of euonymine and neoeuonymine, alkaloids from Euonymus Sieboldiana Blume [J]. Tetrahedron,1977, 33(14):1725-1728.
[12]Wang H., Yang L., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus phellomana Loes [J]. Pharmazie,2001,56 (11):889-891.
[13]Wang H., Tian X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus phellomana Loes [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2000,11 (4):331-332.
[14]Wang H., Tian X., et al. A new antitumour sesquiterpene from the Euonymus nanoides [J]. J. Chem. Research.,2003,509-510.
[15]Wang H., Tian X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Euonymus nanoides [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2002,13 (11):1063-1066.
[16]Ujita K., Takaishi Y., et al. Euonydin A-1-A-5, sesquiterpene esters from Euonymus sieboldianus [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31 (4):1289-1292.
[17]Ueda K., Matayoshi N., et al. A sesquiterpene polyester from Euonymus tanakae [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,33 (1):230-232.
[18]Tu Y. Q., Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 1990,53 (4):915-919.
[19]Tu Y. Q., Bioactive sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1990,53 (3):603-608.
[20]涂永强,吴大刚等.卫矛科植物化学成分的生物活性研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1992,28(8)：173-176.
[21]Tu Y., Wu D., et al. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastraceae [J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31 (4):1281-1283.
[22]Sugiura K., Shizuri Y., et al. Structure of alatol, a hydrolysis product of a sesquiterpene polyester, alatolin from Euonymus alatus forma striatus (Thunb.) Makino, and transformation of evoninol to alatol [J]. Tetrahedron,1982,38 (23): 3465-3469.
[23]Zhu J. B., Wang M. G., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Euonymus species [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61:699-704.
[24]Yamada K., Sugiura K., et al. Isolation and structures of euonymine and neoeuonymine, alkaloids from Euonymus Sieboldiana Blume [J]. Tetrahedron,1977, 33 (14):1725-1728.
[25]Hohmann J., Nagy G., et al. Two sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Euonymus sachalinensis [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3):879-880.
[26]Yamada K., Shizuri Y., et al. Isolation and structures of a new alkaloid alatamine and an insecticidal alkaloid wilfordine from Euonymus alatus forma striatus (thunb.) makino [J]. Tetrahedron,1978,34(13):1915-1920.
[27]Ishiwata H., Shizuri Y., et al. Three sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus alatus forma Striatus [J]. Phytochemistry,1983,22 (12):2839-2841.
[28]Han B. H., Park M. K., et al. Polyester Type Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Euonymus japonica (Structures of euojaponine-D,-F,-G,-J and-K) [J]. Arch. Pharm. Res.,1989,12 (4):306-309.
[29]Han B. H., Ryu J. H., et al. New Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Euonymus japonica: Structures of Euojaponines D, F, J, and K [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1990,53 (4):909-914.
[30]Han B. H., Park M. K., et al. Sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus japonica [J]. Phytochemistry,1990,29 (7):2303-2307.
[31]Crombie L., Ham P. J., et al. New sesquiterpenoid alkaloids from Euonymus europea [J]. Phytochemistry,1973,12 (3):703-705.
[32]Jr. C. D., Bazzocchi I. L., et al. New Sesquiteroenes from Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2002,50 (2):199-202.
[33]Kuo Y.H., Huang H.C., et al.A novel NO-production-inhibiting triterpene and cytotoxicity of known alkaloids from Euonymus laxiflorus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.2003,66 (4):554-557.
[34]毛士龙,桑圣民等.宝兴卫矛中三萜成分研究[J].中草药,2000,31(10)：729.
[35]张振家,石丽霞等.东北卫矛中的三萜化合物研究[J].科研简报Chin Pharm J., 2000,35 (10):700.
[36]徐满珍,阮金兰.绿舒筋化学成分研究[J].医药导报,2008,27(5)：511-512.
[37]瞿发林,丁青龙等.扶芳藤化学成分研究[J].南京军医学院学报,2001,23(4)：221-226.
[38]任宛莉,胡合娇等.常春卫矛中五环三萜成分的研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2006,33(2)：196-199.
[39]方振峰,李占林等.鬼箭羽的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2007,38(6)：810-812.
[40]毛士龙,桑圣民等.宝兴卫矛中甾体成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(5)：14.
[41]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al. New D:A-friedooleananes from Euonymus revolutus(celastraceae) [J]. J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans 1 1985,685-689.
[42]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al.A lupenediol from Euonymus revolutus [J].Phytochemistry,1985,24(6):1337-1340.
[43]Kumar N. S., Muthukuda P. M., et al. Triterpenes from Euonymus revolutus [J]. Phytochemistry,1985,24 (10):2454-2455.
[44]王奎武,三花假卫矛三萜类化学成分的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2008,28(3)：94-96.
[45]Kitanaka S., Takido M., et al. Cytotoxic cardenolides from woods of Euonymus alata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1996,44 (3):615-617.
[46]Baek N. I., Lee Y. H., et al. Euonymoside A:A new cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside from the bark of Euonymus sieboldianus [J]. Planta Med,1994,60:26-29.
[47]王萍,杨炳友等.卫矛抗心肌缺血有效部位的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2008,39(7)：965-967.
[48]Zhao Z., Dong L., et al. Preliminary separation and purification of rutin and quercetin from Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold extracts by macroporous resins [J]. Food Bio Process.2010.
[49]Zhu J. B., Wang M. G., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpenepyridine alkaloids from Euonymus species [J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61 (6):699.
[50]陈科,潘德济等.鬼箭羽中的黄烷成分[J].中草药,1986,17(3)：1.
[51]XiaoK.Z., JinH. G., et al. Threenewsesquiterpenesfrom Euonymusschensianus Maxim [J]. Chin. Chem. Lett.2009,20:952-954.
[52]Tantray M. A., Shawl A. S., et al. Two new coumarins from Euonymus hamiltonianus [J]. Fitoterapia,2008,79:234-235.
[53]Bishay D. W., Kowalewski Z., et al. Peptide and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from Euonymus europaeus [J]. Phytochemistry,1973,12 (3):693-698.
[54]瞿发林,丁青龙等.扶芳藤化学成分研究(Ⅱ)[J].西南国防医药,2002,12(4)：349-351.
[55]Jeong E. J., Yang H., et al. Inhibitory constituents of Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs on nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia cells [J]. Food Chem. Toxic., 2011,49:1394-1398.
[56]Jeong E. J., Cho J. H., et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by lignans isolated from Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs [J]. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,2011,21: 2283-2286.
[57]Takaishi Y, Ujita K, et al. Inhibitory effect s of dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenes on Epstein-Barr virus activition [J]. Cancer Lett,1992,65 (1):19.
[58]Ujita K, Takaishi Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of triptogolin A21 on 12-O-tet radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-inducedskin tumor promotion [J]. Cancer Lett,1993, 68 (2-3):129.
[59]杨锦南,梁东良等.二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇抗脑白血病的作用及机制[J].新乡医学院学报,2002,18(4)：405.
[60]Cha B. Y., Park C. J., et al. Inhibitory effect of methanol extractof Euonymus alatus on matrix metalIoproteinase-9 [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003,85 (1): 163-167.
[61]Jin U. H., Lee J. Y., et al. A phenolic compound,5-caffeoylquinicacid (chlorogenic acid), is a new type and strong matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor:Isolation and identification from methanol extract of Euonymus alatus [J]. Life Sciences,2005,77 (22):2760-2769.
[62]Park W. H., Kim S. H., et al. A new matrix metalloproteinase-9inhibitor 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) from methanol extract of Euonymusalatus: isolation and structure determination [J]. Toxicology,2005,207 (3):383-390.
[63]Seo U. K., Lee Y. J., et al. Large-scale and effective screening ofKorean medicinal plants for inhibitory activity on matrix metalloproteinase-9 [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,97 (1):101-106.
[64]Chung H. S., Jeong H. J., et al. Activation of inducible nitricoxide synthase by Euonymus alatus in mouse peritoneal macrophages [J]. Clinica Chimica Acta,2002, 318(1-2):113-120.
[65]Kim C.H., Kim D.I., et al.Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb inducesapoptosis via mitochondrial pathway as prooxidant in human uterine leiomyomal smoothmuscle cells [J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer,2006,16:843-848.
[66]Lee T. K., Lee J.Y., et al. Differential regulation of protein kinase Cactivity by modulating factors and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb in human myometrial anduterine leiomyomal smooth muscle cells [J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer,2005,15: 349-358.
[67]宋春华,张训桓等.绿舒筋对小鼠巨噬细胞Fc和C3b受体活性的影响[J].皖南医学院学报,1991,10(3)：157-160.
[68]叶嗣颖,黄庆华等.绿舒筋对实体型肝癌小鼠脾自然杀伤细胞活性的调节作用[J].同济医科大学学报,1998,27(2)：113-115.
[69]韩平戌,刘忠北等.中药绿舒筋对癌细胞DNA合成的影响[J].癌症,1990,9(6)：475-477.
[70]Kumarasamy P. J., Cox M. et al. Biological activity of Euonymus europaeus [J]. Fitoterapia,2003,74 (3):305-307.
[71]Sunil Kumar KC, Klaus Miiller. Medicinal plants from Nepal; Ⅱ.Evaluation as inhibitors oflipid peroxidation in biological membranes [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,1999,64 (2):135-139.
[72]Park S. H., Ko S. K., et al.Euonymus alatus prevents thehyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in ICR mice [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2005,102 (3):326-335.
[73]Duane R Schultz, Patricia I Arnold., et al. Effect of sequential glycolysis of the lectin ofEuonymus europaeus on activation of the classical complement pathway in normal humanserum [J]. Molecular Immunology,1982,19(12):1681-1689.
[74]D. R. Schultz, P. I. Arnold. Mechanism of activation of the classical complement pathway inhuman serum by a lectin from Euonymus europeus [J].Molecular Immunology,1982,19(11):1401.
[75]Karolien P. B. Van den Bergh, Paul Proost, et al. Five disulfide bridgesstabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (Euonymuseuropaeus L.) [J]. FEBS Lett,2002,530 (1-3):181-185.
[76]谢宗万,范崔生等.全国中草药汇编(下册)[M].第2版,北京：人民卫生出版社,1996.57.
[77]张为式.卫矛对小鼠心肌摄取131-铯的影响[J].药学通报,1981,16(7)：3.
[78]董陆陆,申凤玉等.鬼箭羽微量元素的分析[J].中医药信息,2000,17(2)：16.
[79]Yamada K, Shizuri Y, et al. Isolation and structures of anew alkaloid alatamine and an insecticidal alkaloid wilfordinefrom Euonymus alatus forma striatus (Thunb.) Makino [J]. Tetrahedron,1978,34 (13):1915.
[80]王巍,王晋桦等.鸡血藤、鬼箭羽和土鳖虫调脂作用的比较[J].中国中药杂志,1991,16(5)：299.
[1]Hideji Itokawa, Keiichi Suto, et al. Studies on a novel p-coumaroyl glucoside of apigenin and on other flavonoids isolated from Patchouli (Labiatae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.1981,29 (1):254-256.
[2]王大海,殷志琦,叶文才等.广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(20)：2704-2707.
[3]Mitsuo Miyazawa, Yoshiharu Okuno, et al. Antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from Pogostemon cablin [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem.,2000,48:642-647.
[4]E. Trifilieff. Isolation of the postulated precursor of nor-patchoulenol in Patchouli leaves [J]. Phytochemistry,1980,19(11):2467.
[5]Eun Jung Park, Hae Ran Park, et al. Licochalcone A:an inducer of cell differentiation and cytotoxic agent from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Planta Medica. 1998,64:464-466.
[6]丁文兵,林立东等.广藿香大极性化学成分的研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2009,17(6)：610-616.
[7]黄烈军,郝小江等.中药广藿香非挥发性成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4)：410-413.
[8]Anil P. Phadnis, Sarita A. Patwardhan, et al. Stemonolone, a new sesquiterpenoid from Pogostemon plectranthoides (Desf) [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Pekin Trans. I,1984: 937-939.
[9]G. Marti-Mestres et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007,331,139-144.
[10]G. Buchi, I. M. Goldman, et al. The structures of two alkaloids from Patchouli Oil [J].J.A.C.S.,1966,88:13
[11]Hiroshi Hikino, Kunio Ito, et al. Structure of Pogostol [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1968, 16(8):1608-1610.
[12]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005版一部[S].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：30.
[13]张英,张金超等.广藿香生药、化学及药理学的研究进展[J].中草药,2006,37(5)：786-790.
[14]张强,李章万等.广藿香挥发油成分的分析[J].华西药学杂志,1996,11(4)：249-250.
[15]Tsai Y. C., Hsu H. C., et al. a-Bulnesene, a PAF inhibitor isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin [J]. Fitoterapia,2007,78 (1):7-11.
[16]Zhou L., Xu M., et al. New patchoulol-type sesquiterpenoids from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta.,2011,94 (2):218-223.
[17]Terhune S. J., Hogg J. W., et al. Cycloseychellene, a new tetracyclic sesquiterpene from pogostemon cablin [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,1973,14 (47):4705-4706.
[18]Henderson W., Hart J. W., et al. Chemical and morphological studies on sites of sesquiterpene accumulation in Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) [J]. Phytochemistry, 1970,9(6):1219-1228.
[19]Wolff G., Ourisson G. et al. Le seychellene:Isolement et structure [J]. Tetrahedron, 1969,25 (19):4903-4914.
[20]Fumiyuki Kiuchi, Kenji Matsuo, et al. New sesquiterpene hydroperoxides with trypanocidal activity from Pogostemon cablin [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2004,52 (12):1495-1496.
[21]Nanda B., Patwardhan S. A., et al. Epoxyparvinolide, a secocaryophyllanolide from Pogostemon parviflorus [J]. Phytochemistry,1985,24 (11):2735-2736.
[22]Patwardhan S. A., Gtipta A. S., et al. An octamethoxyflavone from Pogostemon purpurascens [J]. Phytochemistry,1981,20 (6):1458-1459.
[23]Falak A. Hussaini, Sunita Agarwal., et al. Novel Cleistanthane Diterpenoids from Pogostemon auricularis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1988,51(2):212-216.
[24]关玲等.广藿香化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(6)：355-356.
[25]Lie-Chwen Lin, Yea-Hwey Wang, et al. The inhibitory effect of phenylpropanoid glycosides and iridoid glucosides on free radical production and (32 integrin expression in human leucocytes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,2006,58:129-135.
[26]张广文,广藿香中的黄酮类化合物[J].中草药,2001,32(10)：870-874.
[27]莫小路,蔡岳文等.两种广藿香精油的抗菌作用研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9)：34-36.
[28]张广文,蓝文健等.广藿香精油化学成分分析及其抗菌活性Ⅱ[J].中草药,2002,33(3)：210-212.
[29]杨得坡,Jean-Pierre C., et al.藿香和广藿香挥发油对皮肤癣菌和条件致病真菌的抑制作用[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(1)：9-11.
[30]罗超坤,广藿香水提物的抗菌实验研究[J].中药材,2005,28(8)：700-701.
[31]刘琥琥,罗集鹏等.广东高要与吴川产广藿香提取物对肠道致病菌抗菌作用的比较研究[J].中药材,1999,22(8)：408-411.
[32]杨得坡,Jean-Pierre C., et al.藿香和广藿香挥发油的抗皮肤细菌活性与化学成分的研究[J].微生物学杂志,1998,18(4)：1-5.
[33]Kongkathip N., Sam-ang P., et al. Development of patchouli extraction with quality control and isolation of active compounds with antibacterial activity [J]. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 2009,43:519-525.
[34]Li Yu Cui, Liang Hai Chun, et al. Anti-Candida albicans activity and pharmacokinetics of pogostone isolated from Pogostemonis Herba [J]. Phytomedicine,2012,20 (1):77-83.
[35]高相雷,熊盛等.广藿香三种有效部位体外抗柯萨奇病毒B3作用的初步研究[J].中药材,2009,32(5)：761-764.
[36]Lu T. C., Liao J. C., et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from Pogostemon cablin [J]. eCAM2009,1-9.
[37]赵书策,贾强等.广藿香提取物的抗炎、镇痛药理研究[J].中成药,2007,29(2)：285-287.
[38]Li, Y. C., Xian, Y. F., et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models [J]. Fitoterapia,2011,82 (8): 1295-1301.
[39]曾冬琴,彭映辉等.广藿香精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(4)：335-338..
[40]曾庆钱,蔡岳文等.广藿香精油的杀虫作用及其活性成分分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(3)：21-25.
[41]Roman P., Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis [J]. Fitoterapia,2005,76 (7-8):691-696.
[42]隋在云,吕丽莉等.广藿香挥发油对抗青蒿酯钠伯氏疟原虫膜脂质流动性的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,S1.
[43]刘爱如,于宗渊等.广藿香挥发油对抗青蒿酯钠伯氏疟原虫的选择性抗疟作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,S1,126-127.
[44]刘爱如,于宗渊等.广藿香挥发油对青蒿酯钠抗伯氏疟原虫的增效作用[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2000,18(2)：76-78.
[45]Y. Kinoshita, K. Koyama, et al. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth [J]. Phytomedicine,1999,6 (2):89-93.
[46]Kinoshita K., Kawai T., et al. Anti-emetic principles of Inula linariaefolia flowers and Forsythia suspensa fruits [J]. Phytomedicine,1996,3 (1):51-58.
[47]谢肄聪,唐方等.广藿香对肢体缺血-再灌注大鼠肠上皮细胞膜流动性的保护作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2009,29(7)：639-641.
[48]Kim H. W., Cho S. J., et al. Pogostemon cablin as ROS scavenger in oxidant-induced cell death of human neuroglioma cells [J]. eCAM2008,7 (2): 239-247.
[49]黄晓舞,刘睿婷等.广藿香醇对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆功能的影响[J].中草药,2009,40(9)：1431-1433.
[50]任守忠,张俊清等.广藿香醇的急性毒性实验[J].海南医学院学报,2009,15(12)：1503-1504.
[1]Dinan L., Savchenko T., et al. On the distribution of phytoecdysteroids in plants [J].Cell. Mol. Life Sci.,2001,58:1121-1132.
[2]Tokuoka T., Tobe H., et al. Phylogenetic analyses of malpighiales using plastid and nuclear DN A sequences, with particular reference to the embryology of Euphorbiaceae sens. str. [J]. J Plant Res,2006,119:599-616.
[3]Jeong E. J., Yang H., et al. Inhibitory constituents of Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs on nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia cells [J]. Food Chem. Toxic.,2011,49: 1394-1398.
[4]Sun H.D., Li S.H..Diterpenoids chemistry [M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2012:131.
[5]Zhu Y. D., Miao Z.H., et al. Cytotoxic Dihydroagarofuranoid Sesquiterpenes from the Seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1005-1010.
[6]Duan H.Q., Takaishi Y., et al. Immunosuppressive terpenoids from extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii [J]. Tetrahedron,2001,57:8413-8424.
[7]Xiong L., Zhu C. G., et al. Lignans and neolignans from Sinocalamus affinis and their absolute configurations [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2011,74:1188-1200.
[8]Li C. X., Li B., et al. A new norditerpenoid from Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. [J]. Nat. Prod. Res.,2012:1-6.
[9]Mihashi S., Yanagisawa I., et al. Further study on the diterpenes of Aralia spp. [J]. Tetrahedron Lett.,1969:1683-1686.
[10]Kuo Y. H., Chen W. C., et al. Four new terpenes from the pericarp of Platycladus orientalis [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2000,48(6):766-768.
[11]Yoshihisa T., Syunji O., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus stephanotiifolius with potential tumor-promotion inhibitory activity [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1993,56 (6):815-824.
[12]Tu Y.Q., Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 1990,53 (4):915-919.
[13]王明安,刘军等.刺南蛇藤倍半萜的研究[J].药学学报,1997,32(5)：368-372.
[14]Yoshihisa T., Kazuko T., et al. Sesquiterpene Polyol Esters from Tripterygium wilfordiivar Regelii. Phytochemistry,1991,30 (5):1567-1572.
[15]Muniru K. T., Ahmed H., et al. Mutangin, a dihydroagarofuranoid sesquiterpene insect antifreedant from Elagodendron buchananii [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3): 665-667.
[16]Zhu Y. D., Miao Z. H., et al. Cytotoxic dihydroagarofuranoid sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1005-1010.
[17]Chen I. H., Du Y. C., et al. Lupane-type triterpenoids from Microtropis fokienensis and Perrottetia arisanensis and the apoptotic effect of 28-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20 (29)-en-30-al [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1352-1357.
[18]M. Abdel-Mogib. A lupane triterpenoid from Maerua oblongifolia [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,51:445-448.
[19]Nisar U., Zaheer A., et al. A pentacyclic triterpene from Daphne oleoides [J]. Phytochemistry,1999,50:839-841.
[20]Winston F. T., Lynn C. B., et al. Lupane triterpenoids of salacia cordata [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1992,55 (3):395-398.
[21]古海峰,陈若芸等.香青兰化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3)：232-234.
[22]Zhang X., Xu J. K., et al. Antioxidant phenanthrenes and lignans from Dendrobium nobile [J]. J. Chin. Pharm. Sci.,2008,17:314-318.
[23]Lee D. Y., Song M. C., et al. Lignans from the fruits of Cornus kousaBurg and their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines [J]. Arch Pharm Res,2007,30 (4):402-407.
[24]Liao S. G., Yue J. M., et al., Lignans from Wikstroemia hainanensis [J]. Helvetica Chimica Acta,2006,89 (1):73-80.
[25]Keiji M., Takashi T., et al. Lignans of Larix leptolepis [J]. Phytochemistry,1980, 19:449-453.
[26]Yang X. W., Zhao P. J., et al. Mixed lignan-neolignans from Tarenna attenuata [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2007,70:521-525.
[27]金向群,徐东铭等.浙贝素的结构测定[J].药学学报,1993,28(3)：212-215.
[28]Lee T. H., Kuo Y. C., et al. Five new phenolics from the roots of Ficus beecheyana [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2002,65:1497-1500.
[29]Jin H., Li Z. Y.yi, et al. Enantioselective hydrolysis of various substituted styrene oxides with Aspergillus Niger CGMCC [J]. Org. Biomol. Chem.,2004,2:408-414.
[30]Ito J., Chang F. R., et al. Anti-AIDS Agent.48.1 Anti-HIV activity of moronic acid derivatives and the new melliferone-related triterpenoids isolated from Brazilian propolis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2001,64:1278-1281.
[31]黄烈军,穆淑珍等.中药广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(4)：410-413.
[32]Toshio M., Akira K., et al. Studies on the acyl glycosides from Leucoseptrum japonicum (MIQ.) Kitamura et Murata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1982,30 (8):2732-2737.
[33]Li C. Q., Li B. G., et al. Three cyclooctapeptides and one glycoside from Microtoena prainiana [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2004,67:978-982.
[34]Andary C, Wylde R. et al. Structures of verbascoside and orobanchoside caffeic acid sugar esters from Orobanche rapum-genistae [J]. Phytochemistry,1982,21 (5): 1123-1127.
[35]刘晓明,姜勇等.肉苁蓉化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志,2011,46(14)：1053-1058.
[36]Nishibe S., Sasahara M., et al. Phenylethanoid glycosides from Plantago depressa [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,32 (4):975-977.
[37]Noriko S., Toshio M. et al. Phenylethanoid glycosides of Sesamum indicum [J]. Phytochemistry,1993,34 (3):729-732.
[38]Hiroaki N., Hiroshi S., et al. Six glycosides from Rehmannia Glutinosa. Pwprrea[J] Phytochemistry,1990,29 (10):3303-3306.
[39]Wang C. Z., Jia Z. J., et al. Lignan, phenylpropanoid and iridoid glycosides from Pedicularis Torta [J]. Phytochemistry,1997,45 (1):159-166.
[40]Shahat A. A., Abdel-Azim N. S., et al. Isolation and NMR spectra of syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside from Cressa cretica [J]. Fitoterapia,2004,75:771-773.
[41]A. Estevez-Braun, R. Estevez-Reyes, et al. Busaliol and busalicifol, two new tetrahydrofuran lignans from Bupleurum salicifolium [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1995,58 (6): 887-892.
[42]Yamauchi S., Hayashi Y., et al. Effect of benzylic oxygen on the antioxidant activity of phenolic lignans [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2005,68:1459-1470.
[43]Shi C., Xu M. J., et al. Phenolic compounds and their anti-oxidative properties and protein kinase inhibition from the Chinese mangrove plant Laguncularia racemosa [J]. Phytochemistry,2010,71:435-442.
[44]Achenbach H., Benirschke G.. et al. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps [J]. Phytochemistry,1997,45:149-157.
[45]Wagner H., Chari V. M., et al.13C-NMR-Spertren naturlich vorkommender flavonoide [J]. Tetrahedron Letters,1976,21:1799-1802.
[46]Itokawa H., Suto K., et al. Studies on a novel p-coumaroyl glycoside of apigenin and on other flavonoids isolated from Patchouli (Labiatae) [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1981,29 (1):254-256.
[47]Amalia G. V. Methylated flavonols in Larrea cuneifolia [J]. Phytochemistry,1972, 11:2821-2826.
[48]Wiley R. H., Esterle J. G.2-Pyrones. XXVII.4-methyl-6-alkyl-2-pyrones [J]. J. Org. Chem.1957,10:1257-1259.
[49]Knapp H.r, Weigand C. et al.2-Hydroxy-2,6,10,10-tetramethyl-l-oxaspiro [4.5] dec-6-en-8-one:Precursor of 8,9-Dehydrotheaspirone in White-Fleshed Nectarines [J]. J. Agric. Food. Chem,1997,45:1309-1313.
[50]Yamano Y., Ito M., et al. Synthesis of optically active vomifoliol and roseoside stereoisomers [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,2005,53 (5):541-546.
[51]李燕,李春兰等.铁皮石斛化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(13)：1715-1719.
[52]Dieter R. K., Fishpaugh J. R., et al. Regioselective alkylation of 4, 6-dialkyl-substituted 2H-Pyran-2-ones [J]. J. Org. Chem.1987,52:923-926.
[53]Rudiyansyah, Mary J Garson. Secondary metabolites from the wood bark of Durio zibethinus and Durio kutejensis [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2006,69:1218-1221.
[54]Barakat H. H., Nawwar M. A. M., et al. Niloticol, a phenolic glyceride and two phenolic aldehyde from the roots of Tamarix nilotica [J]. Phytochemistry,1987,26 (6): 1837-1838.
[55]Laurent P., Tahiri S.. et al. Hypervalent iodine-mediated oxygenative phenol dearomatization reactions [J]. Tetrahedron,2010,66:5908-5917.
[56]Goda Y, Shibuya M., et al. Inhibitions of prostaglandin biosynthesis from Mucuna birdwoodiana [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull.,1987,35:2675-2677.
[57]Cresp T. M., Sargent M. V., et al. Formylation and bromination ortho to the hydroxy-group of 2-carbonyl-substituted phenols in the presence of titanium chloride [J]. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1,1973:340-345.
[58]Tom S. C., George A. D., et al. Microbial transformation of L-696,474, a novel cytochalasin as an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,1993,56 (5):755-761.
[59]尚小雅,王若兰等.紫红曲代谢产物中的甾体成分[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(14)：1809-1891.
[60]王紫娟,赵勤实等.菜厥的化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2009,21：960-962.
[61]Thuong P. T., Lee C. H., et al. Triterpenoids from the leaves of diospyros kaki (Persimmon) and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B [J]. J. Nat. Prod.,2008,71:1775-1778.
[62]Erica H. G., Fernando C., et al. Monoglycerides and fatty acids from Ibervillea sonorae Root:Isolation and hypoglycemic activity [J]. Planta Med,2007,73:236-240.