体育锻炼对大学生社会支持和生命质量的影响研究
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摘要
摘要内容:在现代社会中,体育的健身性以及社会化功能备受社会各界所重视。特别是在改善生活方式与提高生命质量以及提高社会支持程度方面展示了其独特的作用和魅力。关注大学生的生命质量状况,如能有效的提高他们生命质量的总体水平,挖掘群体的总体潜能,无疑将会为国家的建设增加一笔巨大的财富。本研究探讨体育锻炼与社会支持和生命质量之间的关系,以期为通过体育锻炼提高大学生的身心健康水平提供新的理论依据。
本文以体育锻炼和社会支持对大学生生命质量的影响为研究对象。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法。对河北省5个地市,10所普通高等院校,有正式学籍的全日制,年龄18-25岁,文科、理科、体育不同专业类别的男、女大学生进行研究。采用《大学生健康相关生命质量简明问卷》、《大学生接受社会支持评定量表》、《大学生提供社会支持评定量表》和《体育锻炼态度-行为量表》对大学生的生命质量、社会支持和体育锻炼状况进行测评。运用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。
相关分析、协方差分析以及回归分析三种不同方法的研究结果显示,影响被试大学生生命质量的主要体育锻炼因素是行为习惯、行为意向、行为控制和情感体验。行为意向、行为习惯、情感体验和行为控制感是影响被试大学生接受社会支持的主要体育锻炼因素。影响大学生提供社会支持的主要体育锻炼因素是行为意向、行为习惯、行为控制和目标态度。影响大学生生命质量的主要社会支持因素是接受主观支持、提供主观支持和提供支持的主动性。研究结果提示,体育类大学生生命质量和社会支持高于文理、理科大学生,并在部分维度或分量表得分上存在显著性差异。造成这些差异的主要原因是与体育锻炼因素不同有关。体育锻炼的行为态度、目标态度、行为认知、情感体验、主观标准对社会支持和生命质量专业类别差异造成的影响不如行为习惯、行为控制感和行为意向对其产生的影响大。主观上的接受和提供支持以及提供支持的主动性对生命质量影响较大。体育锻炼、社会支持都是影响生命质量的因素,其中体育锻炼对生命质量有促进的作用,同时又是增进社会支持提高生命质量的一种手段。
建议,高校的健康教育与健康促进,要依据大学生的专业特点,在充分发挥他们体育锻炼较高“行为态度”和“目标态度”的基础上,不断激发他们体育锻炼“行为意向”,促使他们培养良好体育锻炼“行为习惯”,为大学生终身体育锻炼奠定基础;高校的体育教育要充分发挥课余体育活动内容的多样性、活动空间的广泛性、活动形式的多样性和活动方法的灵活性等特点,不断提高大学生参与体育锻炼的频数,培养他们的运动特长,提高其正性情感体验,激发他们的锻炼热情;高校的体育教育要树立多维体育观,在重视大学生生理健康和心理健康的同时,还要注重大学生的社会健康。要通过多种途径,积极鼓励学生走出校门,投身到社会的大熔炉中,热心地为社会提供服务,不断激发他们为社会提供支持的主动性,扩大社会支持网络规模;高校体育工作者要充分认识体育锻炼在提高大学生生命质量和改善社会支持程度中的重要作用,转变思想观念,挖掘高校体育的深层次意义。在注重大学生社会支持和生命质量提高的同时,不断增强其社会责任感,提高其生命质量价值度。
Content: In modern society, sports, fitness and social-oriented features of highly valued by the community. Particularly in the way of life and improving the quality of life and raise the level of support in the community demonstrated its unique role and charm.Students concerned about the quality of life conditions, If their overall quality of life can be effectively improved and potentiality can be discovered, it is undutiful a big treasure for the construction of our country.This study investigated the physical exercise and social support, and the relationship between quality of life, with a view to the adoption of physical activity to improve physical and mental health of university students to provide a new theoretical basis.
In this paper, physical exercise and social support on college students affect quality of life study.The thesis will apply literature, surveys, expert interviews, and mathematical statistics and so on. The research aims at those college students, who are from 10 ordinary colleges in 5 cities, 18-25 years old, formally registered and from different majors of arts, science and sports.The life quality, social support and sports exercise status of college students will be evaluated through“Concise Questionnaire for Health-related Life Quality of College Students”,“Students Receiving Social Support Scale”,“Students Providing Social Support Scale”and“Sports Exercise Attitude-behavior Scale”. SPSS11.5 software will be used to analyze the data.
Correlation analysis, covariance analysis, and three different methods of regression analysis results show that affect the students test the quality of life factors are the main physical activity behavior, behavioral intention, behavior control, and emotional experience. Behavioral intention, behavior habits, sense of control of emotional experience and behavior that affect social support were tested students received a major factor in physical activity.Affect the provision of social support to college students a major factor is the behavior of physical activity intention, behavior habits, behavior control and objective attitude.Affect the quality of life of university students the main factor of social support is to accept subjective support, providing subjective support and support initiative.
The result shows that life quality and social support of sport-major students is higher than those who are majored in arts and science. In addition, obvious differences are shown in some dimensions and subscale scores. The main reason for these differences is related to physical exercise factors. The influence of sports exercise attitude, objective attitude, behavior cognition, emotional experience and subjective criteria on social support and life quality major difference is not as great as the impact of behavior habits, behavior sense of control and behavior intention. Subjective acceptance and activity to provide support impose a great influence on life quality. Both sports exercise and social support have impact on life quality. Sports exercise can foster life quality and, at the same time, helps social support improve life quality.
Suggested that institutions of higher learning health education and health promotion should be based on the professional characteristics of university students, in full play to their physical training high "behavior and attitude," and the "target attitude" on the basis of continuously stimulate their physical training "behavioral intention", prompting them to to develop good physical exercise, "behavior" for the students lay the foundation for lifelong physical activity; Physical education in colleges and universities should give full play to the diversity of the content of after-school sports activities, the breadth of space, activities and methods of the form diversity of the flexibility and other characteristics, and constantly improve college students participate in sports exercise frequency, and develop their movement skills, and enhance their positive emotional experience, to inspire their enthusiasm for exercise; Physical education in colleges and universities to establish a multi-dimensional sports concept, the focus on physical health and mental health of university students, we should also pay attention to the social health of university students.Through a variety of ways to actively encourage students to leave school, join the melting pot of society, the enthusiasm for community service, continue to inspire the community to provide support for their initiative to expand the scale of social support networks; College sports workers must fully understand the physical training in enhancing the quality of life of university students and improve the social support to the important role, changing ideas, digging deeper significance of college sports.While paying attention to social support and quality of life improved, but also constantly enhance their sense of social responsibility to improve their quality of life value of degrees.
本文以体育锻炼和社会支持对大学生生命质量的影响为研究对象。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法。对河北省5个地市,10所普通高等院校,有正式学籍的全日制,年龄18-25岁,文科、理科、体育不同专业类别的男、女大学生进行研究。采用《大学生健康相关生命质量简明问卷》、《大学生接受社会支持评定量表》、《大学生提供社会支持评定量表》和《体育锻炼态度-行为量表》对大学生的生命质量、社会支持和体育锻炼状况进行测评。运用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。
相关分析、协方差分析以及回归分析三种不同方法的研究结果显示,影响被试大学生生命质量的主要体育锻炼因素是行为习惯、行为意向、行为控制和情感体验。行为意向、行为习惯、情感体验和行为控制感是影响被试大学生接受社会支持的主要体育锻炼因素。影响大学生提供社会支持的主要体育锻炼因素是行为意向、行为习惯、行为控制和目标态度。影响大学生生命质量的主要社会支持因素是接受主观支持、提供主观支持和提供支持的主动性。研究结果提示,体育类大学生生命质量和社会支持高于文理、理科大学生,并在部分维度或分量表得分上存在显著性差异。造成这些差异的主要原因是与体育锻炼因素不同有关。体育锻炼的行为态度、目标态度、行为认知、情感体验、主观标准对社会支持和生命质量专业类别差异造成的影响不如行为习惯、行为控制感和行为意向对其产生的影响大。主观上的接受和提供支持以及提供支持的主动性对生命质量影响较大。体育锻炼、社会支持都是影响生命质量的因素,其中体育锻炼对生命质量有促进的作用,同时又是增进社会支持提高生命质量的一种手段。
建议,高校的健康教育与健康促进,要依据大学生的专业特点,在充分发挥他们体育锻炼较高“行为态度”和“目标态度”的基础上,不断激发他们体育锻炼“行为意向”,促使他们培养良好体育锻炼“行为习惯”,为大学生终身体育锻炼奠定基础;高校的体育教育要充分发挥课余体育活动内容的多样性、活动空间的广泛性、活动形式的多样性和活动方法的灵活性等特点,不断提高大学生参与体育锻炼的频数,培养他们的运动特长,提高其正性情感体验,激发他们的锻炼热情;高校的体育教育要树立多维体育观,在重视大学生生理健康和心理健康的同时,还要注重大学生的社会健康。要通过多种途径,积极鼓励学生走出校门,投身到社会的大熔炉中,热心地为社会提供服务,不断激发他们为社会提供支持的主动性,扩大社会支持网络规模;高校体育工作者要充分认识体育锻炼在提高大学生生命质量和改善社会支持程度中的重要作用,转变思想观念,挖掘高校体育的深层次意义。在注重大学生社会支持和生命质量提高的同时,不断增强其社会责任感,提高其生命质量价值度。
Content: In modern society, sports, fitness and social-oriented features of highly valued by the community. Particularly in the way of life and improving the quality of life and raise the level of support in the community demonstrated its unique role and charm.Students concerned about the quality of life conditions, If their overall quality of life can be effectively improved and potentiality can be discovered, it is undutiful a big treasure for the construction of our country.This study investigated the physical exercise and social support, and the relationship between quality of life, with a view to the adoption of physical activity to improve physical and mental health of university students to provide a new theoretical basis.
In this paper, physical exercise and social support on college students affect quality of life study.The thesis will apply literature, surveys, expert interviews, and mathematical statistics and so on. The research aims at those college students, who are from 10 ordinary colleges in 5 cities, 18-25 years old, formally registered and from different majors of arts, science and sports.The life quality, social support and sports exercise status of college students will be evaluated through“Concise Questionnaire for Health-related Life Quality of College Students”,“Students Receiving Social Support Scale”,“Students Providing Social Support Scale”and“Sports Exercise Attitude-behavior Scale”. SPSS11.5 software will be used to analyze the data.
Correlation analysis, covariance analysis, and three different methods of regression analysis results show that affect the students test the quality of life factors are the main physical activity behavior, behavioral intention, behavior control, and emotional experience. Behavioral intention, behavior habits, sense of control of emotional experience and behavior that affect social support were tested students received a major factor in physical activity.Affect the provision of social support to college students a major factor is the behavior of physical activity intention, behavior habits, behavior control and objective attitude.Affect the quality of life of university students the main factor of social support is to accept subjective support, providing subjective support and support initiative.
The result shows that life quality and social support of sport-major students is higher than those who are majored in arts and science. In addition, obvious differences are shown in some dimensions and subscale scores. The main reason for these differences is related to physical exercise factors. The influence of sports exercise attitude, objective attitude, behavior cognition, emotional experience and subjective criteria on social support and life quality major difference is not as great as the impact of behavior habits, behavior sense of control and behavior intention. Subjective acceptance and activity to provide support impose a great influence on life quality. Both sports exercise and social support have impact on life quality. Sports exercise can foster life quality and, at the same time, helps social support improve life quality.
Suggested that institutions of higher learning health education and health promotion should be based on the professional characteristics of university students, in full play to their physical training high "behavior and attitude," and the "target attitude" on the basis of continuously stimulate their physical training "behavioral intention", prompting them to to develop good physical exercise, "behavior" for the students lay the foundation for lifelong physical activity; Physical education in colleges and universities should give full play to the diversity of the content of after-school sports activities, the breadth of space, activities and methods of the form diversity of the flexibility and other characteristics, and constantly improve college students participate in sports exercise frequency, and develop their movement skills, and enhance their positive emotional experience, to inspire their enthusiasm for exercise; Physical education in colleges and universities to establish a multi-dimensional sports concept, the focus on physical health and mental health of university students, we should also pay attention to the social health of university students.Through a variety of ways to actively encourage students to leave school, join the melting pot of society, the enthusiasm for community service, continue to inspire the community to provide support for their initiative to expand the scale of social support networks; College sports workers must fully understand the physical training in enhancing the quality of life of university students and improve the social support to the important role, changing ideas, digging deeper significance of college sports.While paying attention to social support and quality of life improved, but also constantly enhance their sense of social responsibility to improve their quality of life value of degrees.
引文
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