面向新能源的多端口DC-DC变流器研究
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摘要
当前对清洁可再生能源的研究和开发正在逐步深入,以应对化石能源的短缺及其所产生的环境恶化问题。然而,在构建面向新能源的动力系统时尚存在诸多问题有待进一步研究和解决,例如太阳能、风能系统的间歇性问题,电动汽车用燃料电池的动力性能问题,以及多个能源构成动力系统时的能量管理问题等。
本论文以电动汽车能量管理需求为背景,对通过高频变压器耦合多个能量单元的新型多端口变流器开展研究,并将其应用于电动汽车能量管理系统之中。
论文围绕着电动汽车能量管理需求,论述了多端口变流器对蓄电池、超级电容等能量单元进行协调以提高经济性和动力性能的必要性。在对当前多端口变流器技术现状分析的基础上,对基本DC/DC环节、单向/双向变流器、直流母线耦合和变压器耦合变流器等相关技术基础进行了归纳和讨论。
针对电动汽车能量管理的需求,论文提出了一个变压器耦合三端口电动汽车能量管理变流器拓扑结构,其两个端口为能量输入端口分别连接蓄电池和超级电容,另一端口为能量输出端口用于连接电动车负载。该变流器拓扑结构主要由一个三绕组变压器和三个有源移相桥组成,这不仅能够满足输入端口的低电平、低电流纹波、电气隔离以及软开关运行的需求,而且便于控制和工程实现。
论文主要研究工作概括如下：
(1)分析了所提三端口变流器的工作原理,并深入讨论了三绕组变压器等磁元件的设计方法。
(2)讨论了变流器的软开关条件,并对其进行了仿真验证。
(3)研究了控制器的相关控制策略和控制结构,实现了多端口之间能量流动的解耦控制,获得了良好的动、静态性能,并通过仿真对相关分析和设计进行了验证。
(4)设计并搭建了由上述变流器及其基于DSP的控制器组成的实验系统,相关实验结果验证了理论研究的正确性。
The utilization of clean and renewable energy resources is widely studied and developed nowadays to cope with the shortage of fossil energy resources and environmental problems. However, in the construction of power systems oriented to new energy resources, there are many problems to be studied and solved, such as the random and intermittent characteristics inherited in solar and wind energy, the dynamic performance of fuel cell in electric vehicles, and the energy management problems in a multiple energy power system.
The dissertation aims at the multiport converter that couples multiple energy units via high frequency transformer to meet the needs of electric vehicle's energy management system.
The necessity of a multiport converter that coordinates fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor energy unit to insure the system dynamics and economics is discussed. In the analysis of present status of multiport converter technique, some fundamentals such as basic DC/DC, uni/bi-directional converters, the DC bus-coupled and transformer-coupled multiport converter are summarized and discussed.
According to the demand of the energy management of electric vehicle, a topology of a transformer-coupled three port electric vehicles energy management converter, with two ports repectively connected to battery and supercapacitor, and one port for vehicle's electric load.
The converter is mainly composed of a transformer with three windings and three phase-shift controlled active bridges. The converter can meet not only the requirement of low voltage input, low ripple current, and electrical isolation, but also can meet the needs of soft switching and easy controllability in engineering realization.
The main research works are summarized as follows:
(1) The operation principle of the converter is analyzed in detail, and the design method of magnetic components as three windings transformer is discussed.
(2) The soft-switching conditions for the converter's commutation is analyzed and verified by simulation.
(3) The strategy and structure of the controller are studied, and decoupling control of energy flow among the multiple ports is realized, to achieve good dynamic and static performance, and correlation analysis and design are verified through the simulation.
(4) A prototype system composed of an above-mentioned converter with its DSP-based controller is designed and constructed in the laboratory. The experiments performed on the prototype system verified the results derived from theoretical study.
本论文以电动汽车能量管理需求为背景,对通过高频变压器耦合多个能量单元的新型多端口变流器开展研究,并将其应用于电动汽车能量管理系统之中。
论文围绕着电动汽车能量管理需求,论述了多端口变流器对蓄电池、超级电容等能量单元进行协调以提高经济性和动力性能的必要性。在对当前多端口变流器技术现状分析的基础上,对基本DC/DC环节、单向/双向变流器、直流母线耦合和变压器耦合变流器等相关技术基础进行了归纳和讨论。
针对电动汽车能量管理的需求,论文提出了一个变压器耦合三端口电动汽车能量管理变流器拓扑结构,其两个端口为能量输入端口分别连接蓄电池和超级电容,另一端口为能量输出端口用于连接电动车负载。该变流器拓扑结构主要由一个三绕组变压器和三个有源移相桥组成,这不仅能够满足输入端口的低电平、低电流纹波、电气隔离以及软开关运行的需求,而且便于控制和工程实现。
论文主要研究工作概括如下：
(1)分析了所提三端口变流器的工作原理,并深入讨论了三绕组变压器等磁元件的设计方法。
(2)讨论了变流器的软开关条件,并对其进行了仿真验证。
(3)研究了控制器的相关控制策略和控制结构,实现了多端口之间能量流动的解耦控制,获得了良好的动、静态性能,并通过仿真对相关分析和设计进行了验证。
(4)设计并搭建了由上述变流器及其基于DSP的控制器组成的实验系统,相关实验结果验证了理论研究的正确性。
The utilization of clean and renewable energy resources is widely studied and developed nowadays to cope with the shortage of fossil energy resources and environmental problems. However, in the construction of power systems oriented to new energy resources, there are many problems to be studied and solved, such as the random and intermittent characteristics inherited in solar and wind energy, the dynamic performance of fuel cell in electric vehicles, and the energy management problems in a multiple energy power system.
The dissertation aims at the multiport converter that couples multiple energy units via high frequency transformer to meet the needs of electric vehicle's energy management system.
The necessity of a multiport converter that coordinates fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor energy unit to insure the system dynamics and economics is discussed. In the analysis of present status of multiport converter technique, some fundamentals such as basic DC/DC, uni/bi-directional converters, the DC bus-coupled and transformer-coupled multiport converter are summarized and discussed.
According to the demand of the energy management of electric vehicle, a topology of a transformer-coupled three port electric vehicles energy management converter, with two ports repectively connected to battery and supercapacitor, and one port for vehicle's electric load.
The converter is mainly composed of a transformer with three windings and three phase-shift controlled active bridges. The converter can meet not only the requirement of low voltage input, low ripple current, and electrical isolation, but also can meet the needs of soft switching and easy controllability in engineering realization.
The main research works are summarized as follows:
(1) The operation principle of the converter is analyzed in detail, and the design method of magnetic components as three windings transformer is discussed.
(2) The soft-switching conditions for the converter's commutation is analyzed and verified by simulation.
(3) The strategy and structure of the controller are studied, and decoupling control of energy flow among the multiple ports is realized, to achieve good dynamic and static performance, and correlation analysis and design are verified through the simulation.
(4) A prototype system composed of an above-mentioned converter with its DSP-based controller is designed and constructed in the laboratory. The experiments performed on the prototype system verified the results derived from theoretical study.
引文
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