川东地区长兴组生物礁储层沉积学研究
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摘要
生物礁滩是一种特殊的碳酸盐岩沉积物,具有独特的油气储集空间,是一种优良的碳酸盐岩储层。礁滩相储层在世界分布广泛,在我国分布也很普遍,如发育于川东地区上二叠统长兴组的一系列生物礁型气藏,但礁相油气藏储层预测一直是油气勘探难点,目前发现的礁型气藏多为随机钻遇,而预测成功的礁型气藏很少,因此,对长兴组礁滩相储层成因和分布规律开展研究,对提高预测成功率具有极其重要的理论和实践意义。
本文以碳酸盐岩沉积学、沉积动力学、储层地质学、地球化学等多学科理论为指导,对川东地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁开展了储层沉积学研究,取得以下主要进展：
建立了川东地区以生物礁为主题内容的碳酸盐台地沉积模式,编制了长兴组沉积相平面展布图,深入讨论了各沉积相带的平面展布特征,突出了生物礁的分布规律和几何形态及其与储层的关系,为进一步的长兴组生物礁储层预测奠定基础。
对川东及邻区长兴组生物礁进行了详细的地质调查,对典型台地边缘生物礁、台内生物礁做了详细解剖,按照生物礁生长位置及发育规模,将研究区生物礁划分为4种类型,系统总结了川东地区长兴组这4种生物礁的生长演化阶段,并各自建立相对应的演化模式图。该研究成果大大丰富了川东地区长兴组生物礁的研究内容。
对川东长兴组生物礁发育的控制因素进行了综合分析,首次提出古地貌格局和区域性同沉积构造是控制生物礁分布的主控因素的观点；古海平面的“升降”控制了生物礁形态及规模；不同性质的海槽与海槽的不同部位决定了台地边缘生物礁类型；提出了二叠纪末海平面频繁快速大幅度升降是二叠纪末生物礁绝灭的重要原因；总结了川东地区长兴组不同类型的生物礁沉积模式。
总结了川东长兴组生物礁在地层中的表现特征,利用礁分布规律和成礁条件,对研究区进行了生物礁滩预测。
对川东长兴组生物礁储集性进行了统计研究,明确了白云石化是川东长兴组生物礁储层发育不可缺少的控制因素,建立了台地边缘生物礁和台内生物礁储层模式图。
Reef-beach is a special type of carbonate sediments, which has peculiar hydrocarbon pore volume and is an excellent carbonate reservoir. Reef-beach reservoirs are widely distributed all over the world, and they are also common in our country. For example, a series of reef gas reservoirs have been founded in Changxing Formation of Upper Permian, eastern Sichuan Basin. However, the prediction of reef-beach reservoirs has always been the difficulty of hydrocarbon exploration. The most reef gas reservoirs so far have been founded by random drilling, while the successful prediction has been few. Therefore, the research on the origin and distribution rule of reef-beach reservoirs in Changxing Formation is of theoretical and practical significance to improving the prediction successs rate.
Guided by the theories of carbonate sedimentology, sedimentary dynamics and reservoir geology, the paper made a sedimentological research on the reefs reservoirs of Upper Permian Changxing Formation in eastern Sichuan, and got the following progress:
A carbonate platform depositional model of the reefs was builded, and the plane distribution of sedimentary facies were drawn. Based on it, the paper made a further study on the distributional characteristics of each sedimentary facies, and got the distribution and geometry of reefs, and its relation with the reservoir.
A detailed geological survey of Changxing reefs was carried out in eastern Sichuan and its adjacent areas, and a detailed analysis was also made of the platform margin reefs and intra-platform reefs. According to the reefs location and the scale of their development, the reefs in the study area were divided into4types. The paper summarized the growth stage of the4reefs types, and respectively builed the corresponding evolutionary model, which greatly enriched the research contents of Changxing reefs in eastern Sichuan.
The paper made a integrated analysis on the controlling factors of reefs development in the study area, and presented for the first time that Paleogeomorphology and regional synsedimentary structures were the main controlling factors of reefs distribution, eustasy change of paleosea-level controlled the shape and scale of reefs, troughs of different natures and positions determined the types of platform margin reefs, and the major cause of reefs extinction was the frequent and rapid eustasy of sea-level on a large scale at the end of the Permian. Besides, different depositional models of the reefs were summarized in Changxing Formation, eastern Sichuan.
Moreover, a statistics research on the reefs reservoir properties was conducted, which made it clear that dolomitization was the essential factor of the reefs reservoir development in Changxing Formation, and then distributive models of platform margin reefs and intra-platform reefs were established.
Finally, the paper summarized the characteristics of reefs in Changxing Formation, estern Sichuan. And on the basis of reefs distribution and its forming conditions, a prediction of the Reef-beach reservoir in the study area was made.
本文以碳酸盐岩沉积学、沉积动力学、储层地质学、地球化学等多学科理论为指导,对川东地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁开展了储层沉积学研究,取得以下主要进展：
建立了川东地区以生物礁为主题内容的碳酸盐台地沉积模式,编制了长兴组沉积相平面展布图,深入讨论了各沉积相带的平面展布特征,突出了生物礁的分布规律和几何形态及其与储层的关系,为进一步的长兴组生物礁储层预测奠定基础。
对川东及邻区长兴组生物礁进行了详细的地质调查,对典型台地边缘生物礁、台内生物礁做了详细解剖,按照生物礁生长位置及发育规模,将研究区生物礁划分为4种类型,系统总结了川东地区长兴组这4种生物礁的生长演化阶段,并各自建立相对应的演化模式图。该研究成果大大丰富了川东地区长兴组生物礁的研究内容。
对川东长兴组生物礁发育的控制因素进行了综合分析,首次提出古地貌格局和区域性同沉积构造是控制生物礁分布的主控因素的观点；古海平面的“升降”控制了生物礁形态及规模；不同性质的海槽与海槽的不同部位决定了台地边缘生物礁类型；提出了二叠纪末海平面频繁快速大幅度升降是二叠纪末生物礁绝灭的重要原因；总结了川东地区长兴组不同类型的生物礁沉积模式。
总结了川东长兴组生物礁在地层中的表现特征,利用礁分布规律和成礁条件,对研究区进行了生物礁滩预测。
对川东长兴组生物礁储集性进行了统计研究,明确了白云石化是川东长兴组生物礁储层发育不可缺少的控制因素,建立了台地边缘生物礁和台内生物礁储层模式图。
Reef-beach is a special type of carbonate sediments, which has peculiar hydrocarbon pore volume and is an excellent carbonate reservoir. Reef-beach reservoirs are widely distributed all over the world, and they are also common in our country. For example, a series of reef gas reservoirs have been founded in Changxing Formation of Upper Permian, eastern Sichuan Basin. However, the prediction of reef-beach reservoirs has always been the difficulty of hydrocarbon exploration. The most reef gas reservoirs so far have been founded by random drilling, while the successful prediction has been few. Therefore, the research on the origin and distribution rule of reef-beach reservoirs in Changxing Formation is of theoretical and practical significance to improving the prediction successs rate.
Guided by the theories of carbonate sedimentology, sedimentary dynamics and reservoir geology, the paper made a sedimentological research on the reefs reservoirs of Upper Permian Changxing Formation in eastern Sichuan, and got the following progress:
A carbonate platform depositional model of the reefs was builded, and the plane distribution of sedimentary facies were drawn. Based on it, the paper made a further study on the distributional characteristics of each sedimentary facies, and got the distribution and geometry of reefs, and its relation with the reservoir.
A detailed geological survey of Changxing reefs was carried out in eastern Sichuan and its adjacent areas, and a detailed analysis was also made of the platform margin reefs and intra-platform reefs. According to the reefs location and the scale of their development, the reefs in the study area were divided into4types. The paper summarized the growth stage of the4reefs types, and respectively builed the corresponding evolutionary model, which greatly enriched the research contents of Changxing reefs in eastern Sichuan.
The paper made a integrated analysis on the controlling factors of reefs development in the study area, and presented for the first time that Paleogeomorphology and regional synsedimentary structures were the main controlling factors of reefs distribution, eustasy change of paleosea-level controlled the shape and scale of reefs, troughs of different natures and positions determined the types of platform margin reefs, and the major cause of reefs extinction was the frequent and rapid eustasy of sea-level on a large scale at the end of the Permian. Besides, different depositional models of the reefs were summarized in Changxing Formation, eastern Sichuan.
Moreover, a statistics research on the reefs reservoir properties was conducted, which made it clear that dolomitization was the essential factor of the reefs reservoir development in Changxing Formation, and then distributive models of platform margin reefs and intra-platform reefs were established.
Finally, the paper summarized the characteristics of reefs in Changxing Formation, estern Sichuan. And on the basis of reefs distribution and its forming conditions, a prediction of the Reef-beach reservoir in the study area was made.
引文
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