等离子体荷电喷雾特性研究及圆锥雾喷头设计
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摘要
荷电喷雾技术是降低药液漂移、减少农药对环境污染的有效手段,是高效低污染农药喷洒技术发展的新方向。
本文建立了雾滴荷电的数学模型,从电位、电压、电流、电导率等方面分析荷电特性。结果表明:荷电特性与气体导电过程密切相关,感应荷电工作在欧姆电导区;电晕荷电工作在电流激增区;气体的饱和工作区是感应荷电进入电晕荷电的过渡区。研究发现:由于气体在饱和工作区的时间极短,感应荷电时的极间阻抗比电晕荷电时的大,在过渡区的荷电状态极不稳定,在感应荷电和电晕荷电间波动,产生突变现象,此时电压降低,电流反增,整个荷电过程是一条倒Z形变化的电压——电流关系曲线。理论分析和实验结果还表明:在感应荷电阶段和电晕荷电阶段的荷电电压与荷质比间的关系是线性关系;影响荷电效果的因素有电极的形状和直径、电极间距和极间气体的介电性能以及环境因素;为兼顾装备的安全性和可靠性,合适的静电喷雾工作电压应略高于起晕电压,约在15KV左右,因电极参数和环境等因素而异。
论文同时采用模拟电荷法对该电极诱导电场进行数值计算,建立了诱导电场数学模型;利用matlab软件编制程序进行数值计算,分别得出上述三类电场的电势、场强值及其分布图。计算结果表明:荷电喷雾复合空间电场由高压电极和空间电荷共同作用产生,电极参数和喷嘴类型对空间电场分布起决定性作用。由电极电压V、曲率半径r_0、极径r_1、针状电极根数n以及电极环中心距地面垂直距离H等参数决定。对于空心圆锥喷头,在空心圆锥内部,电势沿y轴即径向逐渐降低、场强逐渐增大;在空心圆锥外部,电势沿径向逐渐增大、场强沿径向逐渐减小。
另外通过理论推导和试验相结合的研究方法,分析了低量圆锥雾喷头的雾化特性以及影响雾化性能的因素,推导出进行低量圆锥雾喷头设计的各种必要计算公式,并在综合考虑各方面影响因素的基础上,完整归纳出低量圆锥雾喷头的设计方法。
Charged technology is to reduce liquid spray drift to reduce pesticide pollution of the effective means of efficient alternative pesticide spraying is the development of new technology direction.
This paper established a droplet charge of the mathematical model, from the potential, voltage, current, conductivity, and other aspects of motor could be justified. The results showed that: conductive charging mechanism and process gas is closely related to sensors in charge of Ohm conductivity; Corona charge in the current surge in the work area; gases in the work area is saturated induction into the corona charging rechargeable transition zone. Study found that: As the gas saturation in the work area a short time, the induction charging a charge of resistance than the corona, the transition zone in the state of charging extremely unstable, and the induction charge fluctuations between the corona charge, a Mutant phenomenon, at lower voltage, current anti-by, the charging process is a Z-shaped inverted changes in voltage - current curve. Theoretical analysis and experimental results also show that: the induction phase of charge and Corona charging phase of the charging voltage than with the Netherlands of the relationship between a linear relationship between the effects of charging impact of factors shape and diameter of the electrode, electrode spacing and a gas The dielectric properties and environmental factors; equipment to take into account the safety and reliability, suitable electrostatic spray voltage should be slightly higher than the voltage from the corona, around about 15 KV, the electrode parameters and environmental factors vary.
Papers at the same time using simulation charge of the electric field induced by the electrode numerical terms, the establishment of a mathematical model of the electric field induced by the use of software programming matlab numerical terms, respectively, that the above-mentioned three categories of electric potential, strong market value and its distribution. The results show that: Charged spray from the high-voltage electric field of space and space charge electrode have a common role, and nozzle type electrode parameters of the space field distribution play a decisive role. By voltage, the radius of curvature, a trail, and the numbers of needle electrodes electrodes Center, the vertical distance from the ground, and other parameters of decision. The hollow cone nozzle, in the internal hollow cone, the potential along the radial axis that is gradually decreased, the field is gradually increasing in the hollow cone outside, along the radial potential is gradually increasing, the field strength along the radial decreased.
In addition, With the basis of the combination of theoretic analyzing and experimenting, relative factors that can influence their atomizing performance are analyzed and all necessary design formulae are also deduced. Based on the overall considerations, the design method of low-flux sprayer heads is also induced here.
本文建立了雾滴荷电的数学模型,从电位、电压、电流、电导率等方面分析荷电特性。结果表明:荷电特性与气体导电过程密切相关,感应荷电工作在欧姆电导区;电晕荷电工作在电流激增区;气体的饱和工作区是感应荷电进入电晕荷电的过渡区。研究发现:由于气体在饱和工作区的时间极短,感应荷电时的极间阻抗比电晕荷电时的大,在过渡区的荷电状态极不稳定,在感应荷电和电晕荷电间波动,产生突变现象,此时电压降低,电流反增,整个荷电过程是一条倒Z形变化的电压——电流关系曲线。理论分析和实验结果还表明:在感应荷电阶段和电晕荷电阶段的荷电电压与荷质比间的关系是线性关系;影响荷电效果的因素有电极的形状和直径、电极间距和极间气体的介电性能以及环境因素;为兼顾装备的安全性和可靠性,合适的静电喷雾工作电压应略高于起晕电压,约在15KV左右,因电极参数和环境等因素而异。
论文同时采用模拟电荷法对该电极诱导电场进行数值计算,建立了诱导电场数学模型;利用matlab软件编制程序进行数值计算,分别得出上述三类电场的电势、场强值及其分布图。计算结果表明:荷电喷雾复合空间电场由高压电极和空间电荷共同作用产生,电极参数和喷嘴类型对空间电场分布起决定性作用。由电极电压V、曲率半径r_0、极径r_1、针状电极根数n以及电极环中心距地面垂直距离H等参数决定。对于空心圆锥喷头,在空心圆锥内部,电势沿y轴即径向逐渐降低、场强逐渐增大;在空心圆锥外部,电势沿径向逐渐增大、场强沿径向逐渐减小。
另外通过理论推导和试验相结合的研究方法,分析了低量圆锥雾喷头的雾化特性以及影响雾化性能的因素,推导出进行低量圆锥雾喷头设计的各种必要计算公式,并在综合考虑各方面影响因素的基础上,完整归纳出低量圆锥雾喷头的设计方法。
Charged technology is to reduce liquid spray drift to reduce pesticide pollution of the effective means of efficient alternative pesticide spraying is the development of new technology direction.
This paper established a droplet charge of the mathematical model, from the potential, voltage, current, conductivity, and other aspects of motor could be justified. The results showed that: conductive charging mechanism and process gas is closely related to sensors in charge of Ohm conductivity; Corona charge in the current surge in the work area; gases in the work area is saturated induction into the corona charging rechargeable transition zone. Study found that: As the gas saturation in the work area a short time, the induction charging a charge of resistance than the corona, the transition zone in the state of charging extremely unstable, and the induction charge fluctuations between the corona charge, a Mutant phenomenon, at lower voltage, current anti-by, the charging process is a Z-shaped inverted changes in voltage - current curve. Theoretical analysis and experimental results also show that: the induction phase of charge and Corona charging phase of the charging voltage than with the Netherlands of the relationship between a linear relationship between the effects of charging impact of factors shape and diameter of the electrode, electrode spacing and a gas The dielectric properties and environmental factors; equipment to take into account the safety and reliability, suitable electrostatic spray voltage should be slightly higher than the voltage from the corona, around about 15 KV, the electrode parameters and environmental factors vary.
Papers at the same time using simulation charge of the electric field induced by the electrode numerical terms, the establishment of a mathematical model of the electric field induced by the use of software programming matlab numerical terms, respectively, that the above-mentioned three categories of electric potential, strong market value and its distribution. The results show that: Charged spray from the high-voltage electric field of space and space charge electrode have a common role, and nozzle type electrode parameters of the space field distribution play a decisive role. By voltage, the radius of curvature, a trail, and the numbers of needle electrodes electrodes Center, the vertical distance from the ground, and other parameters of decision. The hollow cone nozzle, in the internal hollow cone, the potential along the radial axis that is gradually decreased, the field is gradually increasing in the hollow cone outside, along the radial potential is gradually increasing, the field strength along the radial decreased.
In addition, With the basis of the combination of theoretic analyzing and experimenting, relative factors that can influence their atomizing performance are analyzed and all necessary design formulae are also deduced. Based on the overall considerations, the design method of low-flux sprayer heads is also induced here.
引文
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[4]王荣.植保机械理论与设计[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2002.
[5]熊惠龙,舒朝然,陈国发.静电喷粉效果测试和静电喷粉防治马尾松毛虫试验研究.昆虫与环境-中国昆虫学会2001年学术年会论文集[C].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001:377-381.
[6]刘青.9WCD-25型风送式喷雾机喷雾性能优化实验研究[D].新疆农业大学,2003.
[7]Jae-Duk Moon,Dong-Hyeon Lee,Tae-Gyoung Kang,Kwang-Seok Yon.A capacitive type of electrostatic spraying nozzle[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2003,57:363-379.
[8]徐可英.国内外精确农业发展现状与对策[J].中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(2):53-56.
[9]Naiqian Zhang,Maohua Wang,Ning Wang.Precision agriculture-a worldwide overview[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2002,36:113-132.
[10]杨超珍.农用喷雾机器人基础技术研究[D].江苏大学,2005.
[11]余泳昌,王保华.静电喷雾技术综述[J].农业与技术,2004,24(4):190-195.
[12]王科元.气助式静电喷雾系统理论分析及应用研究[D].石河子大学,2006.
[13]郑加强.农药静电喷雾技术[J].静电,1994,9(2):8-11.
[14]Law S.E,Brown H.D.Effects of liquid Conductivity upon Gaseous Discharge of Droplets[J].IEEE,1989,25(6):1073-1080.
[15]Y.Wu,G.S.P.Castle,I.I.Inculet.Particle size analysis in the study of induction charging of granular materials[J].Journal of Electrostatic,2005,63:189-202.
[16]Splinter W.E.Electrostatic changing of agricultural spray[J].ASAE,1968,11(4):491-495.
[17]浅野和俊.静电散布[J].植物防疫(日本),1986,40(3):12-15.
[18]Law S.E.Embedded-Electrode Electrostatic-Induction Spray-charging Nozzle:Theoretical and Engineering Desigh,ASAE,1978.
[19]Merchant J.A.An Electrostatic Spraying Disc Atomiser,ASAE,1978.
[20]Moser E.Electrostatic Spraying with a Knapsack Sprayer,AMA,1987,16(3).
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