超宽带无线通信系统及若干关键技术研究
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摘要
超宽带(UWB)技术是近年发展很快的一种无线通信新技术，根据美国联邦通信委员会的定义，超宽带是指信号的-10dB相对带宽超过20％或绝对带宽超过500MHz。超宽带系统具有许多优点，这使其被视作短距离、高(低)速无线通信最具开发潜力的物理层技术之一。超宽带无线通信系统具有广泛的应用前景，将成为未来无线泛在网络的重要组成部分。目前，UWB在商业多媒体设备、无线传感器网络、无线定位、家庭和个人网络、智能交通系统等诸多领域的应用前景已得到了专业界的普遍认可。因此，建立和完善超宽带无线通信系统的基本理论，解决其关键技术，是具有非常重要的科学意义和现实意义的。本论文主要对超宽带无线通信系统中的关键技术及UWB后续演进问题进行了研究，可以归纳为以下三个方面的内容：(1)UWB脉冲波形优化设计；(2)认知超宽带(CUWB)无线通信系统分析及架构设计；(3)CUWB系统的自适应脉冲波形设计。
本论文共分为6章，其主要内容如下：
第1章为绪论，介绍了课题研究的背景，对UWB系统的概念、特点、应用前景以及关键技术进行了简介，并对本文的研究重点和创新点进行了说明。
第2章对UWB脉冲波形设计进行了概述。介绍了UWB-IR系统的基本原理，通过对典型脉冲信号的功率谱分析说明了UWB脉冲波形设计的重要性，根据已有的文献总结出了超宽带成形脉冲设计的一般要求及评价指标，并探讨了几种典型的超宽带成形脉冲。
第3章主要介绍了一种基于扁长椭球波函数(PSWFs)的超宽带成形脉冲优化设计算法。首先，指出了当前脉冲优化设计中存在的一些不足之处，并介绍了与本算法相关的理论基础，主要涉及了PSWFs的相关概念、特性及其近似求解法。接着，从满足特定辐射掩蔽规定和提高频谱利用效率的角度出发，基于PSWFs的完备正交特性，详细地阐述了一种应用有限项PSWFs脉冲基的正交综合来优化设计UWB成形脉冲的新算法，并通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。
第4章主要阐述了一种被称为认知超宽带无线通信系统的新型智能无线系统。首先，对认知无线电进行了概述，简单地介绍了认知无线电的基本概念、典型的认知循环模型及其主要的功能特性。接着，分析了认知无线电技术与超宽带技术相结合进行研究的必要性及可行性，给出了认知超宽带无线通信系统的定义，阐述了CUWB系统的基本工作原理，描述了其认知过程，给出了简化的系统认知循环处理模型，并指出了CUWB系统应具有的功能特性。然后，针对这些功能特性，对CUWB系统的核心功能与关键技术进行了详细分析。最后，采用分层功能抽象和跨层联合设计相结合的方法对CUWB系统的整个结构框架进行了研究设计。
第5章主要介绍了一种基于干扰温度的测量来实现CUWB系统自适应脉冲波形的设计算法。首先对干扰温度的概念及其谱估计方法进行了简单的介绍，接着从自适应频谱环境和兼容FCC频谱模板的角度出发，建立了基于干扰温度测量来动态构建CUWB系统自适应辐射掩蔽的机制。然后，利用PSWFs函数的特性，提出了一种基于多频带的扁长椭球波函数基的加权线性组合来设计CUWB自适应脉冲波形的算法。仿真结果表明，该算法所产生的脉冲波形不仅能满足CUWB系统特定频谱模板的要求，而且能自适应模板的动态变化。
第6章对全文进行了总结，并指出了后续进一步的研究工作。
Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio is a novel wireless communication technology, which has been speed up to develop in recent years. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) UWB rulings, the signal is recognized as UWB if the -10dB fractional bandwidth of the signal is greater than 20% or the absolute bandwidth of the signal is greater than 500MHz. UWB system has many benefits, which made UWB the most potential physical layer technology for short distance and high or low speed wireless communication. Ultra Wideband wireless communication system has an extensive perspective of application, and will become an important part of future wireless ubiquitous network. At present, UWB has been an excellent candidate for a variety of applications such as commerce multimedia equipment, wireless sensor network, wireless positioning, wireless home or personal network, as well as intelligent traffic system. As a result, it's of all-important significance of science and reality to establish and consummate the basic theory of UWB wireless communication system and resolve the key techniques. This dissertation mainly discusses the key techniques and continuous evolution issues of UWB communication technology. The issues can be divided into three parts: optimal UWB pulse waveform design, system analysis and architecture design of Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) wireless communication system, and adaptive pulse waveform design for CUWB system.
This dissertation includes 6 chapters. The main content and innovation can be summarized as following:
Chapter 1 is the introduction. In the chapter, the notion, the characteristics, prospect of deployment, and the key techniques of UWB system are introduced. Then, the main research content and innovation of this dissertation are summarized.
In chapter 2, the general issues of UWB pulse waveform design are described. The basic principle of UWB-IR system is introduced. The power spectrum analysis of classic pulse signal shows the importance of UWB pulse waveform design. Finally, the common requirement and estimate target of UWB shaping pulse design are summarized based on the work of pioneer researchers, moreover, several typical UWB shaping pulse are introduced.
In chapter 3, a novel optimal UWB shaping pulse design algorithm based on prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) is described. Firstly, some shortage of UWB pulse design at present is pointed out. The theoretical groundwork of PSWFs related with the algorithm is introduced, including the definition, the characteristics and approximate numerical solution of PSWFs. Then, a novel UWB pulse design algorithm based on the complete orthogonality of PSWFs was presented to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency and conform the special emission mask constraint. UWB pulse could be obtained by orthogonal synthesis of finite number of PSWFs pulse basis, which matching FCC emission mask. The simulation results show the validity of this algorithm.
In chapter 4, a novel intelligent wireless system which is called Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) wireless communication system is expatiated. Firstly, Cognitive radio is simply introduced, mainly including the concept, the typical cognitive cycle model and the main functional characteristics. Then, essentiality and feasibility of the research combined ultra wideband with cognitive radio is analysed. Furthermore, the chapter gives the notion of CUWB, expounds the operating fundament of CUWB, describes the system cognitive cycle, presents a simple system cognitive cycle processing model and analyzes the core functions and key techniques of CUWB system in detail. Finally, the architecture of CUWB system is established by applying the design methods combined ISO layer design with cross-layer design.
In chapter 5, a novel adaptive pulse waveform design algorithm based on measurement of interference temperature for CUWB system is presented. Firstly, the concept and the power spectrum estimate method of interference temperature are introduced. Then, this chapter gives a scheme of dynamically obtaining adaptive emission mask based on measurement of interference temperature to adapt to spectrum environment and be compatible with FCC spectral mask. Finally, a method to generate adaptive CUWB shaping pulse is proposed based on weight combination of PSWFs matching UWB multiple sub-band spectral mask. The simulation results show that the pulse waveforms shaped by this method conform the spectral mask constraint for CUWB, adapt to dynamical variety of the spectral mask.
In the last chapter, we conclude the whole dissertation and point out succeeding works in the future researches.
本论文共分为6章，其主要内容如下：
第1章为绪论，介绍了课题研究的背景，对UWB系统的概念、特点、应用前景以及关键技术进行了简介，并对本文的研究重点和创新点进行了说明。
第2章对UWB脉冲波形设计进行了概述。介绍了UWB-IR系统的基本原理，通过对典型脉冲信号的功率谱分析说明了UWB脉冲波形设计的重要性，根据已有的文献总结出了超宽带成形脉冲设计的一般要求及评价指标，并探讨了几种典型的超宽带成形脉冲。
第3章主要介绍了一种基于扁长椭球波函数(PSWFs)的超宽带成形脉冲优化设计算法。首先，指出了当前脉冲优化设计中存在的一些不足之处，并介绍了与本算法相关的理论基础，主要涉及了PSWFs的相关概念、特性及其近似求解法。接着，从满足特定辐射掩蔽规定和提高频谱利用效率的角度出发，基于PSWFs的完备正交特性，详细地阐述了一种应用有限项PSWFs脉冲基的正交综合来优化设计UWB成形脉冲的新算法，并通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。
第4章主要阐述了一种被称为认知超宽带无线通信系统的新型智能无线系统。首先，对认知无线电进行了概述，简单地介绍了认知无线电的基本概念、典型的认知循环模型及其主要的功能特性。接着，分析了认知无线电技术与超宽带技术相结合进行研究的必要性及可行性，给出了认知超宽带无线通信系统的定义，阐述了CUWB系统的基本工作原理，描述了其认知过程，给出了简化的系统认知循环处理模型，并指出了CUWB系统应具有的功能特性。然后，针对这些功能特性，对CUWB系统的核心功能与关键技术进行了详细分析。最后，采用分层功能抽象和跨层联合设计相结合的方法对CUWB系统的整个结构框架进行了研究设计。
第5章主要介绍了一种基于干扰温度的测量来实现CUWB系统自适应脉冲波形的设计算法。首先对干扰温度的概念及其谱估计方法进行了简单的介绍，接着从自适应频谱环境和兼容FCC频谱模板的角度出发，建立了基于干扰温度测量来动态构建CUWB系统自适应辐射掩蔽的机制。然后，利用PSWFs函数的特性，提出了一种基于多频带的扁长椭球波函数基的加权线性组合来设计CUWB自适应脉冲波形的算法。仿真结果表明，该算法所产生的脉冲波形不仅能满足CUWB系统特定频谱模板的要求，而且能自适应模板的动态变化。
第6章对全文进行了总结，并指出了后续进一步的研究工作。
Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio is a novel wireless communication technology, which has been speed up to develop in recent years. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) UWB rulings, the signal is recognized as UWB if the -10dB fractional bandwidth of the signal is greater than 20% or the absolute bandwidth of the signal is greater than 500MHz. UWB system has many benefits, which made UWB the most potential physical layer technology for short distance and high or low speed wireless communication. Ultra Wideband wireless communication system has an extensive perspective of application, and will become an important part of future wireless ubiquitous network. At present, UWB has been an excellent candidate for a variety of applications such as commerce multimedia equipment, wireless sensor network, wireless positioning, wireless home or personal network, as well as intelligent traffic system. As a result, it's of all-important significance of science and reality to establish and consummate the basic theory of UWB wireless communication system and resolve the key techniques. This dissertation mainly discusses the key techniques and continuous evolution issues of UWB communication technology. The issues can be divided into three parts: optimal UWB pulse waveform design, system analysis and architecture design of Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) wireless communication system, and adaptive pulse waveform design for CUWB system.
This dissertation includes 6 chapters. The main content and innovation can be summarized as following:
Chapter 1 is the introduction. In the chapter, the notion, the characteristics, prospect of deployment, and the key techniques of UWB system are introduced. Then, the main research content and innovation of this dissertation are summarized.
In chapter 2, the general issues of UWB pulse waveform design are described. The basic principle of UWB-IR system is introduced. The power spectrum analysis of classic pulse signal shows the importance of UWB pulse waveform design. Finally, the common requirement and estimate target of UWB shaping pulse design are summarized based on the work of pioneer researchers, moreover, several typical UWB shaping pulse are introduced.
In chapter 3, a novel optimal UWB shaping pulse design algorithm based on prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) is described. Firstly, some shortage of UWB pulse design at present is pointed out. The theoretical groundwork of PSWFs related with the algorithm is introduced, including the definition, the characteristics and approximate numerical solution of PSWFs. Then, a novel UWB pulse design algorithm based on the complete orthogonality of PSWFs was presented to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency and conform the special emission mask constraint. UWB pulse could be obtained by orthogonal synthesis of finite number of PSWFs pulse basis, which matching FCC emission mask. The simulation results show the validity of this algorithm.
In chapter 4, a novel intelligent wireless system which is called Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) wireless communication system is expatiated. Firstly, Cognitive radio is simply introduced, mainly including the concept, the typical cognitive cycle model and the main functional characteristics. Then, essentiality and feasibility of the research combined ultra wideband with cognitive radio is analysed. Furthermore, the chapter gives the notion of CUWB, expounds the operating fundament of CUWB, describes the system cognitive cycle, presents a simple system cognitive cycle processing model and analyzes the core functions and key techniques of CUWB system in detail. Finally, the architecture of CUWB system is established by applying the design methods combined ISO layer design with cross-layer design.
In chapter 5, a novel adaptive pulse waveform design algorithm based on measurement of interference temperature for CUWB system is presented. Firstly, the concept and the power spectrum estimate method of interference temperature are introduced. Then, this chapter gives a scheme of dynamically obtaining adaptive emission mask based on measurement of interference temperature to adapt to spectrum environment and be compatible with FCC spectral mask. Finally, a method to generate adaptive CUWB shaping pulse is proposed based on weight combination of PSWFs matching UWB multiple sub-band spectral mask. The simulation results show that the pulse waveforms shaped by this method conform the spectral mask constraint for CUWB, adapt to dynamical variety of the spectral mask.
In the last chapter, we conclude the whole dissertation and point out succeeding works in the future researches.
引文
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