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临南洼陷油气成藏动力学系统研究
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摘要
临南洼陷位于惠民凹陷的北西部,是一个典型第三纪断拗型洼陷。该洼陷典型特点是含油气层位多,分布广,构造复杂,油气藏成因复杂。长期以来对油气成藏规律认识深度不够,对开拓新的勘探领域缺少科学依据。本研究针对临南洼陷油气藏存在的理论与生产问题,开展成藏动力学系统研究,取得了如下主要成果与认识:
     1.系统的研究临南洼陷成藏动力学系统内生油岩、储层、盖层、圈闭、孔隙流体压力等成藏要素,并将其划分成四个成藏动力学系统:下部高压自源半封闭成藏动力学子系统;中下部高压自源-它源半封闭成藏动力学子系统;中上部高压-常压它源半封闭成藏动力学子系统;上部常压它源半封闭-开放成藏动力学子系统;
     2.临南洼陷主烃源岩是ES~3_3-ES~2_3,生烃门限对应埋深3000m,主生油阶段对应埋深3500-4000m,主生油期出现在-7—-1Ma;
     3.临南洼陷油气成藏系统的输导系统由下第三系砂层,不整合面,断层和火成岩侵入体四部分组成,油气运移有侧向运移、垂向运移及复合运移三种基本模式,主成藏期出现在-5Ma以后,并一直持续到现在;
     4.在综合的基础上提出了侧向运聚成藏,垂向运聚成藏和复合运聚成藏三种成藏模式。剖析了主要油气藏的成藏作用与特征,提出了下部自源半封闭成藏动力学系统与中下部它源-自源半封闭成藏动力学系统仍具有一定勘探潜力,勘探方向要以寻找隐蔽地层、岩性油气藏为重点。
     本研究成果不仅对于临南洼陷油气评价与勘探具有指导作用,而且对于我国第三纪陆相油气盆地成藏规律的研究具有借鉴与参考价值。
The Ninnan Depression is located at the northern-west part of the Huimin Depression, Bohaiwan Basin. It is a typical fault-folded depression, characterized by multi-petroleum-bearing seams, widely distributed oil source rocks, complicated structures and variable types of petroleum pools. For these reasons, there have been lack of a deep understanding on the petroleum pool formation patterns for a long time and scientific ideas for further exploration in this depression. In this study, a method of dynamics system of petroleum accumulation, which integrates the information from petroleum geology, sequence stratigrapy, organic geochemistry and geophysics, with fluid dynamics, has been applied to investigate the petroleum pool formation conditions and models in this area. The following main results have been obtained:
    (1). The elements of dynamics of petroleum accumulation in the Linnan depression were investigated, including source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks, trapping structures, and pore fluid pressure. On the base of this, four sets of dynamics systems of petroleum accumulation were recognized. There are: lower half closed dynamics systems with high pressure and self-sources; middle lower half closed dynamics systems with high pressure and self or other sources; middle upper half-closed dynamics systems with high-normal pressure and other sources; and upper half- open closed dynamics systems with a normal pressure and other sources .
    (2) The main oil source rocks are ES33-ES23 dark mudstone. The main stage of oil generation of this set of source rocks occurred during -7 Ma to -1 Ma, corresponding to a burial depth of 3500-4000 m.
    (3). The channel system is consisted of faults, sandstone, unconformable surfaces and volcano aggressive rocks. Petroleum migration patterns include side, vertical and mixed direction. The petroleum pools formed after -5 Ma.
    (4). There types of petroleum pool formation models were recognized. They are side migration accumulation model, vertical migration accumulation model and mixed migration accumulation. The lower dynamics systems and middle-lower dynamics systems are believed to have great petroleum prospective. It is suggested that hidden petroleum pools should be main targets for further exploration.
    These results not only give a guide to the petroleum evaluation and exploration in the Linnan Depression, but also provide a case study on dynamics system of petroleum accumulation for the Tertiary petroleum-bearing basins.
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