NaCl胁迫下小黑杨差异表达基因及其功能分析
|
摘要
为研究小黑杨在不同盐浓度和不同胁迫时间的生理响应,本实验测定0、75、150、250 mM NaCl胁迫下,小黑杨第6小时和第1、2、4、6、8天的SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量及叶绿素相对含量,结果表明：随着胁迫时间的延长和盐浓度的增加,小黑杨叶绿素相对含量逐渐降低,MDA含量升高。POD和SOD的活性则呈现逐渐增强后减弱的趋势。通过对小黑杨叶部形态观察发现,250 mM NaCl胁迫第二天,叶片失水,叶柄变软；随着胁迫的持续进行,叶片萎蔫变黄直至最后变成褐色,卷曲变脆。以上结果表明小黑杨并非强耐盐植物,对低浓度盐有一定耐受性,但高浓度盐则会对其造成伤害。
为进一步研究盐胁迫下小黑杨基因应答机理,以正常生长和盐胁迫下的小黑杨叶片为试材,进行cDNA-AFLP分析。64对引物组合共获得4407条转录基因片段,其中差异片段2027条(其中上调表达996条,下调表达1031条)。回收161条差异条带,成功再扩增与克隆121条差异片段,测序得到107条原始序列,经聚类分析后得到86条唯一序列,Genbank登录号为GW672587-GW672672,其功能涉及转录调控、应激反应、光合作用、信号转导、代谢等10个功能类别。其中功能未知的基因占最高比例,约为18.6%；其次为参与代谢的基因,约占17.44%；参与转录调控的基因约为12.79%,信号转导的基因占11.63%；,与细胞合成相关的基因占10.47%,转运占4.65%,细胞降解占4.65%,参与应激反应的基因占5.81%、发育相关基因占6.98%、光合作用与氧化还原的基因均占6.98%。
环锌指蛋白基因是小黑杨盐胁迫后诱导表达的基因,应用RACE技术克隆出具有完整开放读码框的小黑杨环锌指蛋白(PsnRZF)基因,该基因全长1061 bp,其中5’非翻译区为184 bp,3’非翻译区为82 bp,开放读码框为795 bp,编码264个氨基酸,预测蛋白的分子量为30.25 kDa,理论等电点为8.04。实时定量PCR检测的结果显示：小黑杨PsnRZF基因在不同器官中表达量存在差异,该基因在叶中的表达量最高,其次为茎,在根中的表达量最低。随着胁迫时间的延长,PsnRZF基因在叶和茎中的表达量变化均呈现逐渐升高后降低的趋势,在叶中该基因表达量峰值出现在胁迫后的第6天,在茎中该基因表达量峰值出现在胁迫后的第4天；而在根中,该基因表达量的变化不显著。
为验证小黑杨环锌指蛋白(PsnRZF)基因的功能,构建植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法将小黑杨环锌指蛋白基因导入烟草中。通过对正常生长条件下和盐胁迫条件下,转基因烟草生理指标的检测发现,PsnRZF基因在不同的生长条件下,可能发挥不同的功能。在正常生长条件下,PsnRZF基因的过量表达对植物体来说是有害的；但在盐胁迫条件下,PsnRZF基因的过量表达可以缓解膜脂的过氧化作用。
To study physiological response of Populus simonii×P.nigra to salt stress, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content and relative content of chlorophyll were measured at 6 h,1 d,2 d, 4d,6d,8d under 0,75,150,250 mM NaCl stress. As the salt concentration increased and the stress time continued, POD and SOD activity increased gradually and then decreased. MDA content was increased and chlorophyll content was decreased gradually. By Morphological observation of Populus simonii×P.nigra leaf, it was found that water loss and petiole softening was serious under NaCl sress at the second day. Under continued stress condition, leaf was wilting and yellow, brown, crimping and brittle. This also showed that Populus simonii×P.nigra was not salt-tolerant plant. It had a certain tolerance to low concentrations of salt but high concentration of salt was harmful.
To identify genes involved in salt stress responses, we carried out cDNA-AFLP analysis on leaves under normal growth and NaCl stress. Selective amplifications with 64 primer combinations allowed the visualization of about 4407 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). 2027 of TDFs were differentially expressed.996 TDFs were up-regulated and 1031 TDFs were down-regulated.161 differentially expressed TDFs were excised from gel, eluted and re-amplified.121 TDFs were re-amplified and 107 TDFs sequenced successfully, yielding 86 unique sequence. These TDFs were submitted to the Genbank as accession number of GW672587-GW672672. They were further classified into 10 functional categories based on their putative functions, i.e., unknown protein(18.6%), metabolism(17.44%), regulation of transcription(12.79%), signal transduction(11.63%), cellular biosynthesis(10.47%), transport (4.65%), cellular catabolism(4.65%), response to stress(5.81%), photosynthesis and redox (6.98%), development process(6.98%).
PsnRZF gene was induced in Populus simonii×P.nigra under NaCl stress. The 1061 bp full length cDNA of ring zinc-finger gene was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), including a 184 bp 5'untranslated region, an 82 bp 3'untranslated region and a 795 bp open reading frame encoding 264 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of deduced protein was 30.25 kDa with a theoretical pI of 8.04. Real-time PCR revealed that PsnRZF gene was expressed differentially in roots, stems and leaves. The expression level of PsnRZF gene in leaves and stems was increased gradually. The peak value was appeared at the 6th day in leaves and 4th day in stems under NaCl stress. The expression level of PsnRZF gene in roots was not changed significantly under NaCl stress.
To verify PsnRZF gene function, the plant expression vector with PsnRZF gene was constructed, and transformed tobacco was performed by agrobacterium-mediated method. Physiological analysis showed that PsnRZF gene may play different roles under different growth conditions. Over expression of PsnRZF gene is harmful to plant under normal condition. But over expression of PsnRZF gene under salt stress can relieve the damage of membrane lipid oxidation.
为进一步研究盐胁迫下小黑杨基因应答机理,以正常生长和盐胁迫下的小黑杨叶片为试材,进行cDNA-AFLP分析。64对引物组合共获得4407条转录基因片段,其中差异片段2027条(其中上调表达996条,下调表达1031条)。回收161条差异条带,成功再扩增与克隆121条差异片段,测序得到107条原始序列,经聚类分析后得到86条唯一序列,Genbank登录号为GW672587-GW672672,其功能涉及转录调控、应激反应、光合作用、信号转导、代谢等10个功能类别。其中功能未知的基因占最高比例,约为18.6%；其次为参与代谢的基因,约占17.44%；参与转录调控的基因约为12.79%,信号转导的基因占11.63%；,与细胞合成相关的基因占10.47%,转运占4.65%,细胞降解占4.65%,参与应激反应的基因占5.81%、发育相关基因占6.98%、光合作用与氧化还原的基因均占6.98%。
环锌指蛋白基因是小黑杨盐胁迫后诱导表达的基因,应用RACE技术克隆出具有完整开放读码框的小黑杨环锌指蛋白(PsnRZF)基因,该基因全长1061 bp,其中5’非翻译区为184 bp,3’非翻译区为82 bp,开放读码框为795 bp,编码264个氨基酸,预测蛋白的分子量为30.25 kDa,理论等电点为8.04。实时定量PCR检测的结果显示：小黑杨PsnRZF基因在不同器官中表达量存在差异,该基因在叶中的表达量最高,其次为茎,在根中的表达量最低。随着胁迫时间的延长,PsnRZF基因在叶和茎中的表达量变化均呈现逐渐升高后降低的趋势,在叶中该基因表达量峰值出现在胁迫后的第6天,在茎中该基因表达量峰值出现在胁迫后的第4天；而在根中,该基因表达量的变化不显著。
为验证小黑杨环锌指蛋白(PsnRZF)基因的功能,构建植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法将小黑杨环锌指蛋白基因导入烟草中。通过对正常生长条件下和盐胁迫条件下,转基因烟草生理指标的检测发现,PsnRZF基因在不同的生长条件下,可能发挥不同的功能。在正常生长条件下,PsnRZF基因的过量表达对植物体来说是有害的；但在盐胁迫条件下,PsnRZF基因的过量表达可以缓解膜脂的过氧化作用。
To study physiological response of Populus simonii×P.nigra to salt stress, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content and relative content of chlorophyll were measured at 6 h,1 d,2 d, 4d,6d,8d under 0,75,150,250 mM NaCl stress. As the salt concentration increased and the stress time continued, POD and SOD activity increased gradually and then decreased. MDA content was increased and chlorophyll content was decreased gradually. By Morphological observation of Populus simonii×P.nigra leaf, it was found that water loss and petiole softening was serious under NaCl sress at the second day. Under continued stress condition, leaf was wilting and yellow, brown, crimping and brittle. This also showed that Populus simonii×P.nigra was not salt-tolerant plant. It had a certain tolerance to low concentrations of salt but high concentration of salt was harmful.
To identify genes involved in salt stress responses, we carried out cDNA-AFLP analysis on leaves under normal growth and NaCl stress. Selective amplifications with 64 primer combinations allowed the visualization of about 4407 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). 2027 of TDFs were differentially expressed.996 TDFs were up-regulated and 1031 TDFs were down-regulated.161 differentially expressed TDFs were excised from gel, eluted and re-amplified.121 TDFs were re-amplified and 107 TDFs sequenced successfully, yielding 86 unique sequence. These TDFs were submitted to the Genbank as accession number of GW672587-GW672672. They were further classified into 10 functional categories based on their putative functions, i.e., unknown protein(18.6%), metabolism(17.44%), regulation of transcription(12.79%), signal transduction(11.63%), cellular biosynthesis(10.47%), transport (4.65%), cellular catabolism(4.65%), response to stress(5.81%), photosynthesis and redox (6.98%), development process(6.98%).
PsnRZF gene was induced in Populus simonii×P.nigra under NaCl stress. The 1061 bp full length cDNA of ring zinc-finger gene was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), including a 184 bp 5'untranslated region, an 82 bp 3'untranslated region and a 795 bp open reading frame encoding 264 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of deduced protein was 30.25 kDa with a theoretical pI of 8.04. Real-time PCR revealed that PsnRZF gene was expressed differentially in roots, stems and leaves. The expression level of PsnRZF gene in leaves and stems was increased gradually. The peak value was appeared at the 6th day in leaves and 4th day in stems under NaCl stress. The expression level of PsnRZF gene in roots was not changed significantly under NaCl stress.
To verify PsnRZF gene function, the plant expression vector with PsnRZF gene was constructed, and transformed tobacco was performed by agrobacterium-mediated method. Physiological analysis showed that PsnRZF gene may play different roles under different growth conditions. Over expression of PsnRZF gene is harmful to plant under normal condition. But over expression of PsnRZF gene under salt stress can relieve the damage of membrane lipid oxidation.
引文
[1]常玉广.小黑杨花粉植株转抗虫基因的研究.哈尔滨：东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2004
[2]杜荣骞.生物统计学.北京：高等教育出版社,1999：135-145
[3]范海娟,胡春祥,王志英,刘桂丰.转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨对杨扇舟蛾的抗性.昆虫学报,2006,49(5)：780-785
[4]郭志伟.关于小黑杨科研经济效益测算的初步探讨.林业经济,1987,2：33-36
[5]郝建军,刘延吉.植物生理学实验技术.沈阳：辽宁农业科学技术出版社,2001：71-73,144-145,180-181
[6]侯彩霞,汤章城.细胞相溶性物质的生理功能及其作用机制.植物生理学通讯,1999,35(2)：1-7
[7]黄科,余小林,叶纨芝,向殉,卢钢,曹家树.芥蓝不定芽发生过程的基因表达差异分析.细胞生物学杂志,2007,29：153-157
[8]冷春旭,李付广,陈国跃,刘传亮.陆地棉体细胞胚胎发生过程的cDNA-AFLP分析.西北植物学报,2007,27(2)：0233-0237
[9]梁艳荣,胡晓红,张颖力,刘湘平.植物过氧化物酶生理功能研究进展.内蒙古农业大学学报,2003,24(2)：110-113
[10]梁峥,马德饮,汤岚.菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在烟草中的表达.生物工程学报,1997,13(3)：153-159
[11]廖祥儒,贺普超,万怡震.盐胁迫对葡萄离体新梢叶片的伤害作用.果树科学,1996,13(4)：211-214
[12]林杰斌,陈湘,刘明SPSS11.0统计分析实务设计宝典.北京：中国铁道出版社,2002：245-248
[13]刘桂丰,杨传平,蔡智军,程桂兰,詹丽平.转betA基因小黑杨的耐盐性分析及优良转基因株系的选择.林业科学,2006,42(7)：33-36
[14]刘晓麒,曹恩华.脂质过氧化引起的DNA损伤研究进展.生物化学与生物物理进展,1994,21(3)：218-222
[15]刘杏娥,王小青,任海青,费本华.栽植密度对小黑杨边材、湿心材生长量的影响.林业科学研究,2007,20(4)：490-494
[16]刘玉喜,陆志华,詹亚光,李莉,齐立志,张培杲.小黑杨花粉植株过氧化物酶同工酶分析.植物研究,1990,10(4)：113-119
[17]刘玉喜,陆志华,詹亚光,李莉,齐立志,张培杲.小黑杨花粉植株H1株系间变异及其选择利用的研究.遗传学报,1992,19(3)：278-283
[18]刘志明.农田防护林主要树种小黑杨生长规律的研究.林业科技,1988,5：14-16
[19]刘遵春,刘用生.盐胁迫对果树生理生化的影响及耐盐性指标的研究进展.安徽农业科学,2006,34(14)：3273-3274
[20]吕锐,孔爱红.细胞色素P450酶催化反应动力学研究进展.现代生物医学进展,2009,9(9)：1753-1756
[21]吕芝香,乙引.NaCl对小麦苗叶片脯氨酸氧化酶活性和游离脯氨酸累积的影响.植物生理学报,1992,18(4)：376-382
[22]马焕成,王沙生,蒋湘宁.盐胁迫下胡杨的光合和生长响应.西南林学院学报,1998,18(1)：33-41
[23]秘彩莉,张学勇,温小杰,刘旭.利用cDNA-AFLP技术获得小麦耐盐性相关基因TaVHA-C.中国农业科学,2006,39(9)：1736-1742
[24]倪瑞涓.小黑杨花粉植株叶绿体蛋白质组的鉴定与分析.哈尔滨：东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[25]朴志勇,赵存玉,王晓娟,唐翠,朴志焕,梁淑娟.小黑杨引种及山地速生丰产栽培技术.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(4)：9-11
[26]任海青,刘杏娥,江泽慧,汪佑宏,虞华强.栽植密度对小黑杨人工林木材解剖特性的影响.林业科学研究,2006,19(3)：364-369
[27]沙琴,蒋明义,林凡,王金香.水分胁迫诱导的玉米叶片钙调素基因表达及其与ABA和H2O2的关系.南京农业大学学报,2009,32(3)：52-57
[28]宋恭诚.小黑杨林的蒸腾作用及其意义.林业科技,1990,1：20-21
[29]孙兰菊,岳国峰.植物耐盐机制的研究进展.海洋科学,2001,25(4)：28-31
[30]王焘,郑国生.小麦光合午休过程中RUBPCase活性的变化.植物生理学通讯,1996,32(4)：257-260
[31]汪新颖,王波,侯松涛,朱国萍.苹果酸脱氢酶的结构及功能.生物学志,2009,26(4)：69-72
[32]王永勤,曹家树,符庆功,余小林,叶纨芝,向珣.利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析白菜核雄性不育两用系的表达差异.中国农业科学,2003,36(5)：557-560
[33]肖月华,罗明,韦宇拓,侯磊,裴炎.棉花纤维起始期基因表达的cDNA-AFLP分析.农业生物技术学报,2003,11(1)：20-24
[34]徐飞.小黑杨幼龄材和成熟材纸浆造纸性能的比较研究.合肥：安徽农业大学硕士学位论文.2008
[35]许兴,李树华,惠红霞NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响.西北植物报,2002,22(2)：278-284
[36]薛崧,汪沛洪.水分胁迫对冬小麦CO2同化作用的影响.植物生理学报,1992,18(1)：1-7
[37]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老.西北植物学报,2001,21(2)：215-220
[38]曾洪学,王俊.盐害生理与植物抗盐性.生物学通报,2005,40(9)：1-3
[39]张福丽.小黑杨抗真菌病转基因的研究.哈尔滨：东北林业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[40]张学曾,牟长城,冯晓光,郝林奇,魏恩昌.半干旱地区小黑杨密度试验研究初报.吉林林业科技,1990,1：11-13
[41]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导.北京：高等教育出版社,2003：123-124,268-269,274-276
[42]赵福庚,刘友良.胁迫条件下高等植物体内脯氨酸代谢及调节的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(5)：540-546
[43]赵桂媛,魏志刚,刘关君,张凯旋,刘桂丰,杨传平SMART策略构建小黑杨茎形成层全长cDNA文库.北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1)：52-56
[44]赵可夫.植物抗盐生理.北京：中国科学技术出版社,1993
[45]周人纲,李冰,刘宏涛,孙大业.钙-钙调素热激信号转导途径研究进展.自然科学进展,2009,19(5)：482-490
[46]朱洪文,宋力.应用统计.北京：高等教育出版社,2004：188-199
[47]朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(4)：332-338.
[48]Alscher RG, Erturk N, Heath LS. Role of superoxide dismutase(SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1331-1341
[49]Aravind L, Lyer LM, Koonin EV. Scores of RINGs but No PHDs in ubiquitin signaling. Cell Cycle,2003,2 (2):123-126
[50]Bachem CWB, Hoeven RS, Bruijn SM, Vreugdenhil D, Zabeau M, Visser RGF, De Bruijn SM. Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP:analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development. Plant Journal,1996,9:745-753
[51]Bachem CWB, Oomen RJ FJ, Visser R GF. Transcript imaging with cDNA-AFLP:a step-by-step protocol. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,1998,16:157-173
[52]Banjerdkij P, Vattanaviboon P, Mongkolsu S. Exposure to cadmium elevates expression of genes in the OxyR and OhrR regulons and induces cross-resistance to peroxide killing treatment in Xanthomonas campestris. Appl Environ Microbiol,2005,71(4):1843-1849
[53]Bart B, Asun F C, Christian W, Bachem B, Hans Os,Herman J,Richard GFV. A novel method for the construction of genome wide transcriptome maps. Plant J.,2002,31(2): 211-222
[54]Berg JM, Shi YG. The galvanization of biology:a growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science,1996,271:1081-1085
[55]Borden KLB. RING domains:master builders of molecular scaffolds? J Mol Biol,2000, 295:1103-1112
[56]Borden KL, Freemont PS. The RING finger domain:a recent example of a sequence-structure family Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.,1996,6:395-401
[57]Broholm SK, Tahtiharju S, LaitinenRAE, Albert VA, Teeri TH, Elomaa P. A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2008,105(26):9117-9122
[58]Bustin SA. Quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR): trands and problem. J Mol Endocrinol,2002,29:23-39
[59]Chance B, Maehly AC. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol,1955,2: 764-775
[60]Chapple C. Molecular genetics analysis of plant cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,1998,49: 311-343
[61]Chen GH, Huang LT, Yap MN, Lee RH, Huang YJ, Cheng MC, Chen SCG. Molecular characterization of a senescence-associated gene encoding cysteine proteinase and its gene expression during leaf senescence in sweet potato. Plant Cell Physiol,2002,43: 984-991Noctor G, Foyer C H. Ascorbate and glutathione:Keeping active oxygen under control. Annu rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1998,49:249-279
[62]Chris B, Marc V H, Dirk I. Superoxide diamutase and stress tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Pysiol Plant Mol Biol,1992,43:83-116
[63]Damkjaer J T, KereicheS, ohnsonM PJ, KovacsL, Kiss AZ,Boekema E J,Ruban AV, Horton P, Jansson S. The Photosystem Ⅱ Light-Harvesting Protein Lhcb3 Affects theMacrostructure of Photosystem Ⅱ and the Rate of State Transitions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2009,21:3245-3256
[64]Delauney A J,Verma DPS. A soybean gene encoding 1-pyrroline-s-carboxylate reductase was isolated by functional comp lementation in E. coli and is found to be osmo regulated. Mol Gen Gendt,1990,221:299-305
[65]Eisenhaber B, ChumakN, Eisenhaber F, Hauser MT. The ring between ring fingers (RBR) protein family. Genome Biology,2007,8(3):20901-20910
[66]Falkenberg P,Storm AR. Purification and characterization of osmo regulatory betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of E. coli. Biochim Biophys Acta,1990,1034:253-259
[67]Ferrer-Martinez A, Casado FJ,Felipe A,Pastor-Anglada M. Regulation of Na+, K+-ATPase and the Na+/K+/Cl-co-transporter in the renal epithelial cell line NBL-1 under osmotic stress. Biochem.J.,1996,319:337-342
[68]Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. Annu Rev Biochem,1975,44:147-150
[69]Fukuda T,Kido A,Kajino K. Cloning of differentially expressed genes in highly and low metastatic rat Osteosarcomas by a modified cDNA-AFLP method. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1999,261(1):35-40
[70]Gadallah M.A.A. Effects of proline and glycinebetaine on Vicia faba response to salt stress. Biol. Plant.,1999,42:249-257
[71]Galuszka P., Frebort I., Sebela M., Jacobsen S., and Pavel P. Degradation of cytokinins by cytokinin oxidases in plants. Plant Growth Regulation,2000,32(2-3):315-327
[72]Gamsjaeger R, Liew CK, Loughlin FE, Crossley M, Mackay JP. Sticky fingers:zinc-fingers as protein-recognition motifs. Trends Biochem Sci,2007,32 (2):63-70
[73]Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutase, occurrencein higher plant.Plant Physiol, 1977,59:309-314
[74]Hajibagheri M A,Yeo A R,Flowers T J. Salinity resistance in Zeamays:fluxes of potassium, sodium and chloride, cytoplasmic concentrations and microsomal membrane lipids. Plant Cell and Environment,1989,12:753-757
[75]Hanks S K,Quin A M,Hunter T. The protein kinase family:conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science,1988,241:42-52
[76]Hare PD, Staden J. Cytokinin oxidase:biochemical features and physiological significance. Physiol.Plantarum,1994,91(1):128-136
[77]Harndahl U, Hall RB, Osteryoung KW, Vierling E, Bornman JF, Sundby C.The chloroplast small heat shock protein undergoes oxidation-dependent conformational changes and may protect plants from oxidative stress. Cell Stress & Chaperones,1999,4(2):129-138
[78]Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts:1. Kinetics and stiochiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys,1968,125:189-198
[79]Hmida-Sayari A, Costa A, Leone A, Jaoua S, Gargouri-Bouzid R.Identification of salt stress-induced transcripts in potato leaves by cDNA-AFLP.Molecular biotechnology, 2005,30:31-40
[80]Ho SL, Tong WF, Yu SM. Multiple mode regulation of a cysteine proteinase gene expression in rice.Plant Physiology,2000,122:57-66
[81]Karimi G, Ghorbanli M, Heidari H, Khavarinejad RA, Assare MH. The effects of NaCl on growth,water relations,osmolytes and ion content in Kochia prostrate. Biol. Planta,2005, 49:301-304.
[82]Kishor P, Hong Z, Miao GH, Hu C, Verma D. Overexpression of [delta]-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiol,1995,108:1387-1394
[83]Lapik YR, Kaufman LS. The Arabidopsis Cupin domain protein AtPirinl interacts with the G protein a-subunit GPA1 and regulates seed germination and early seedling development. The Plant Cell,2003,15:1578-1590.
[84]Liu JJ, Ekramoddoullah AK. Identification and characterization of the WRKY transcription factor family in Pinus monticola. Genome,2009,52(1):77-88
[85]Liu Q, Kasuga M, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2 with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two celluar signal transduction pathways in drought and low temperature responsive gene expression,respectively, in Arabidopsis. Plant cell,1998,10:1391-1406
[86]Liu YL,Schiff M,MaratheR,Dinesh-Kumar SP.Tobacco Rar1, EDS1 and NPR1/NIM1 like genes are required for N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The Plant Journal,2002,30(4):415-429
[87]Lorick KL, JensenJP, Fang S, Ong AM, Hatakeyama S,Weissman AM. RING fingers mediate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)-dependent ubiquitination. Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci.USA.,1999,96:11364-11369
[88]Lovering R, Hanson IM, Borden KL, Martin S, O'Reilly NJ, Evan GI, Rahman D, Pappin DJ, Trowsdale J, Freemont PS. Identification and preliminary characterization of a protein motif related to the zinc finger. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,90:2112-2116
[89]Lu CM, VonshakA. Effects of salinity stress on photosystem Ⅱ function incyanobacterial Spirulina platensis cells. Physi Plant,2002,114:405-413
[90]Ma K, Xiao JH, Li XH, Zhang QF, Lian XM. Sequence and expression analysis of the C3HC4-type RING finger gene family in rice. Gene,2009,444:33-45
[91]Marino JH, Cook P, Miller KS. Accurate and statistically verified quantification of relative mRNA abundances using SYBR Green Ⅰ and real-time RT-PCR. J Immun Methods,2003, 283:291-306
[92]Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A. Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor ⅢA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J,1985,4 (6):1609-1614
[93]Moran J F, Becana M. Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants, Planta,1994,94: 346-352
[94]Parka CY, Lee JH, Yoo JH, MoonBC, ChoiMS,KangYH, Lee SM, Kim HS, KangKY, Chung WS, Lim CO, Cho MJ. WRKY group Ⅱd transcription factors interact with calmodulin. FEBS Letters,2005,579:1545-1550
[95]Pickart CM. Ubiquitin in chains. Trends Biochem Sci,2000,25(11):544-548
[96]Poza-Carrion C, Aguilar-Martinez JA, Cubas P. Role of TCP Gene BRANCHED1 in the Control of Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis. Plant Signaling & Behavior,2007,2(6):551-552
[97]Prag G, Misra S, Jones EA, Ghirlando R, Davies BA, Horazdovsky BF, Hurley JH. Mechanism of ubiquitin recognition by the CUE domain of Vps9p. Cell,2003,113:609-620
[98]Roger R L. Pressure regulation of the electrical properies of growing Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs. Plant Physiol,1996,112:1089-1100
[99]Schroda M, Vallon O, Wollman FA, Beck CF. A Chloroplast-Targeted Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70)Contributes to the Photoprotection and Repair of Photosystem Ⅱ during and after Photoinhibition. The Plant Cell,1999,11:1165-1178
[100]Schumann U, Prestele J, O'Geen H, Brueggeman R, Wanner G, Gietl C. Requirement of the C3HC4 zinc RING finger of the Arabidopsis PEX10 for photorespiration and leaf peroxisome contact with chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104 (3):1069-1074
[101]Serrano R, Rodriguez PL. Plant, genes and ions. EMBO reports,2002,3(2):116-119
[102]Sheoran IS, Singal HR, Singh R. Effect of cadmium and nickel on photosynthesis and theenzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle in pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan L.). Photosynth Res,1990, (23):345-351.
[103]Shih SC, Prag G, Francis SA, Sutanto MA, Hurley JH, Hicke L. A ubiquitin-binding motif required for intramolecular monoubiquitylation, the CUE domain. EMBO J,2003, 22(6):1273-1281
[104]Shih SC, Sloper-Mould KE, Hicke L. Monoubiquitin carries a novel internalization signal that is appended to activated receptors. EMBO J,2000,19:187-198
[105]Simoes-Araujo JL, Rodrigues RL, de A Gerhardt LB, Mondego JM, Alves-Ferreira M, Rumjanek NG, Margis-Pinheiro M. Identification of differentially expressed genes by cDNA-AFLP technique during heat stress in cowpea nodules. FEBS letters,2002,515: 44-50
[106]Singh NK, Bracker CA, Hasegawa PM,Handa AK,Buckel S, Hermodson MA, Pfankoch ED, RegnierFE, Bressan RA. Characterization of osmotin A thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotic adaptation in plant cells. Plant Physiol,1987,85:529-536
[107]Skriver K, Olsen FL, Roger JC. Cis-avting DNA element responsive to gibbereklin and its antagonist abscisic acid. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,1991,88:7266-7270
[108]SneddenW A, Fromm H. Calmodulin as a versatile calcium signal transducer in plants. New Phytol,2001,151:35-66
[109]Stadtman E R. Oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins by radiolysis and by metal catalyzed reactions. Annu Rev Biochem,1993,62:797-821.
[110]Stewart C R. Effect of NaCl on proline synthesis and utilization in exerised barleyleaves. Plant Physiol,1983,72:664-667
[111]Stockinger EJ, Gilmour SJ. Thomashow MF.Arabidopsis thaliana CBF1 encodes an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that binds to the C-repeat/DRE, a cis-acting DNA regulatory element that simulates transcription in response to low temperature and water deficit. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.,1997,94:1035-1040
[112]Stohs S J,Bagchi D. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med.,1995,18(2):321-336
[113]Stone SL, Hauksdottir H, Troy A, Herschleb J, Kraft E, Callis J. Functional analysisof the RING-type ubiquitin ligase family of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,137:13-30
[114]Strogonov B.P. Structure and function of plant cells in saline habitats. Halsted Press New York.1973:57-58
[115]Wang YM, ZhuW, Levy DE. Nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA quantification by SYBR green based real-time RT-PCR. Methods,2006,39:356-362
[116]Wu MS, Gao ZH, Dai J R. Studies on differential gene expression of maize (Zea mays L.) by means of cDNA-AFLP technique. Acta Agronmica Sinica,2001,27 (3):339-342
[117]XueGP, Loveridge CW. HvDRF1 is involved in abscisic acid-mediated gene regulation in barley and produces two forms of AP2 transcriptional activators, nteracting preferably with a CT-rich element. The Plant Journal,2004,37:326-339
[118]Yang Y, Jiang DA, Xu HX, Yan CQ, Hao SR. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is required for adaptation to salt stress in wild soybean species Glycine cyrtolaba ACC547. Biol.Planta,2006,50:586-590
[119]Zeba N, Isbat M, Kwon NJ, Lee MO, Kim SR, Hong CB. Heat-inducible C3HC4 type RING zinc finger protein gene from Capsicum annuum enhances growth of transgenic tobacco. Planta,2009,229:861-871
[120]Zhang JY, Broeckling CD, BlancaflorEB, SledgeMK, Sumner LW, WangZY. Overe'xpression of WXP1, a putative Medicago truncatula AP2 domain-containing transcription factor gene, increases cuticular wax accumulation and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa(Medicago sativa). The Plant Journal,2005,42:689-707
[121]Zhang YH, Shih DS. Isolation of an osmotin-like protein gene from strawberry and analysis of the response of this gene to abiotic stresses. Journal of Plant Physiology,2007, 164:68-77
[122]Zhang YJ, WangLJ. The WRKY transcription factor superfamily:its origin in eukaryotesand expansion in plants. BMC Evolutionary Biology,2005,5:1-12
[123]Zhu JH, Liu-HL, Tu FZ, Tian WM, Peng SQ. Cloning and molecular characterazation of a RING zinc finger gene of Hevea brasiliensis. J Plant Physiol Mol Biol,2006,32 (6):627-633
[2]杜荣骞.生物统计学.北京：高等教育出版社,1999：135-145
[3]范海娟,胡春祥,王志英,刘桂丰.转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨对杨扇舟蛾的抗性.昆虫学报,2006,49(5)：780-785
[4]郭志伟.关于小黑杨科研经济效益测算的初步探讨.林业经济,1987,2：33-36
[5]郝建军,刘延吉.植物生理学实验技术.沈阳：辽宁农业科学技术出版社,2001：71-73,144-145,180-181
[6]侯彩霞,汤章城.细胞相溶性物质的生理功能及其作用机制.植物生理学通讯,1999,35(2)：1-7
[7]黄科,余小林,叶纨芝,向殉,卢钢,曹家树.芥蓝不定芽发生过程的基因表达差异分析.细胞生物学杂志,2007,29：153-157
[8]冷春旭,李付广,陈国跃,刘传亮.陆地棉体细胞胚胎发生过程的cDNA-AFLP分析.西北植物学报,2007,27(2)：0233-0237
[9]梁艳荣,胡晓红,张颖力,刘湘平.植物过氧化物酶生理功能研究进展.内蒙古农业大学学报,2003,24(2)：110-113
[10]梁峥,马德饮,汤岚.菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在烟草中的表达.生物工程学报,1997,13(3)：153-159
[11]廖祥儒,贺普超,万怡震.盐胁迫对葡萄离体新梢叶片的伤害作用.果树科学,1996,13(4)：211-214
[12]林杰斌,陈湘,刘明SPSS11.0统计分析实务设计宝典.北京：中国铁道出版社,2002：245-248
[13]刘桂丰,杨传平,蔡智军,程桂兰,詹丽平.转betA基因小黑杨的耐盐性分析及优良转基因株系的选择.林业科学,2006,42(7)：33-36
[14]刘晓麒,曹恩华.脂质过氧化引起的DNA损伤研究进展.生物化学与生物物理进展,1994,21(3)：218-222
[15]刘杏娥,王小青,任海青,费本华.栽植密度对小黑杨边材、湿心材生长量的影响.林业科学研究,2007,20(4)：490-494
[16]刘玉喜,陆志华,詹亚光,李莉,齐立志,张培杲.小黑杨花粉植株过氧化物酶同工酶分析.植物研究,1990,10(4)：113-119
[17]刘玉喜,陆志华,詹亚光,李莉,齐立志,张培杲.小黑杨花粉植株H1株系间变异及其选择利用的研究.遗传学报,1992,19(3)：278-283
[18]刘志明.农田防护林主要树种小黑杨生长规律的研究.林业科技,1988,5：14-16
[19]刘遵春,刘用生.盐胁迫对果树生理生化的影响及耐盐性指标的研究进展.安徽农业科学,2006,34(14)：3273-3274
[20]吕锐,孔爱红.细胞色素P450酶催化反应动力学研究进展.现代生物医学进展,2009,9(9)：1753-1756
[21]吕芝香,乙引.NaCl对小麦苗叶片脯氨酸氧化酶活性和游离脯氨酸累积的影响.植物生理学报,1992,18(4)：376-382
[22]马焕成,王沙生,蒋湘宁.盐胁迫下胡杨的光合和生长响应.西南林学院学报,1998,18(1)：33-41
[23]秘彩莉,张学勇,温小杰,刘旭.利用cDNA-AFLP技术获得小麦耐盐性相关基因TaVHA-C.中国农业科学,2006,39(9)：1736-1742
[24]倪瑞涓.小黑杨花粉植株叶绿体蛋白质组的鉴定与分析.哈尔滨：东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[25]朴志勇,赵存玉,王晓娟,唐翠,朴志焕,梁淑娟.小黑杨引种及山地速生丰产栽培技术.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(4)：9-11
[26]任海青,刘杏娥,江泽慧,汪佑宏,虞华强.栽植密度对小黑杨人工林木材解剖特性的影响.林业科学研究,2006,19(3)：364-369
[27]沙琴,蒋明义,林凡,王金香.水分胁迫诱导的玉米叶片钙调素基因表达及其与ABA和H2O2的关系.南京农业大学学报,2009,32(3)：52-57
[28]宋恭诚.小黑杨林的蒸腾作用及其意义.林业科技,1990,1：20-21
[29]孙兰菊,岳国峰.植物耐盐机制的研究进展.海洋科学,2001,25(4)：28-31
[30]王焘,郑国生.小麦光合午休过程中RUBPCase活性的变化.植物生理学通讯,1996,32(4)：257-260
[31]汪新颖,王波,侯松涛,朱国萍.苹果酸脱氢酶的结构及功能.生物学志,2009,26(4)：69-72
[32]王永勤,曹家树,符庆功,余小林,叶纨芝,向珣.利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析白菜核雄性不育两用系的表达差异.中国农业科学,2003,36(5)：557-560
[33]肖月华,罗明,韦宇拓,侯磊,裴炎.棉花纤维起始期基因表达的cDNA-AFLP分析.农业生物技术学报,2003,11(1)：20-24
[34]徐飞.小黑杨幼龄材和成熟材纸浆造纸性能的比较研究.合肥：安徽农业大学硕士学位论文.2008
[35]许兴,李树华,惠红霞NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响.西北植物报,2002,22(2)：278-284
[36]薛崧,汪沛洪.水分胁迫对冬小麦CO2同化作用的影响.植物生理学报,1992,18(1)：1-7
[37]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老.西北植物学报,2001,21(2)：215-220
[38]曾洪学,王俊.盐害生理与植物抗盐性.生物学通报,2005,40(9)：1-3
[39]张福丽.小黑杨抗真菌病转基因的研究.哈尔滨：东北林业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[40]张学曾,牟长城,冯晓光,郝林奇,魏恩昌.半干旱地区小黑杨密度试验研究初报.吉林林业科技,1990,1：11-13
[41]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导.北京：高等教育出版社,2003：123-124,268-269,274-276
[42]赵福庚,刘友良.胁迫条件下高等植物体内脯氨酸代谢及调节的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(5)：540-546
[43]赵桂媛,魏志刚,刘关君,张凯旋,刘桂丰,杨传平SMART策略构建小黑杨茎形成层全长cDNA文库.北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1)：52-56
[44]赵可夫.植物抗盐生理.北京：中国科学技术出版社,1993
[45]周人纲,李冰,刘宏涛,孙大业.钙-钙调素热激信号转导途径研究进展.自然科学进展,2009,19(5)：482-490
[46]朱洪文,宋力.应用统计.北京：高等教育出版社,2004：188-199
[47]朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展.植物学通报,1999,16(4)：332-338.
[48]Alscher RG, Erturk N, Heath LS. Role of superoxide dismutase(SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1331-1341
[49]Aravind L, Lyer LM, Koonin EV. Scores of RINGs but No PHDs in ubiquitin signaling. Cell Cycle,2003,2 (2):123-126
[50]Bachem CWB, Hoeven RS, Bruijn SM, Vreugdenhil D, Zabeau M, Visser RGF, De Bruijn SM. Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP:analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development. Plant Journal,1996,9:745-753
[51]Bachem CWB, Oomen RJ FJ, Visser R GF. Transcript imaging with cDNA-AFLP:a step-by-step protocol. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,1998,16:157-173
[52]Banjerdkij P, Vattanaviboon P, Mongkolsu S. Exposure to cadmium elevates expression of genes in the OxyR and OhrR regulons and induces cross-resistance to peroxide killing treatment in Xanthomonas campestris. Appl Environ Microbiol,2005,71(4):1843-1849
[53]Bart B, Asun F C, Christian W, Bachem B, Hans Os,Herman J,Richard GFV. A novel method for the construction of genome wide transcriptome maps. Plant J.,2002,31(2): 211-222
[54]Berg JM, Shi YG. The galvanization of biology:a growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science,1996,271:1081-1085
[55]Borden KLB. RING domains:master builders of molecular scaffolds? J Mol Biol,2000, 295:1103-1112
[56]Borden KL, Freemont PS. The RING finger domain:a recent example of a sequence-structure family Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.,1996,6:395-401
[57]Broholm SK, Tahtiharju S, LaitinenRAE, Albert VA, Teeri TH, Elomaa P. A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2008,105(26):9117-9122
[58]Bustin SA. Quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR): trands and problem. J Mol Endocrinol,2002,29:23-39
[59]Chance B, Maehly AC. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol,1955,2: 764-775
[60]Chapple C. Molecular genetics analysis of plant cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,1998,49: 311-343
[61]Chen GH, Huang LT, Yap MN, Lee RH, Huang YJ, Cheng MC, Chen SCG. Molecular characterization of a senescence-associated gene encoding cysteine proteinase and its gene expression during leaf senescence in sweet potato. Plant Cell Physiol,2002,43: 984-991Noctor G, Foyer C H. Ascorbate and glutathione:Keeping active oxygen under control. Annu rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1998,49:249-279
[62]Chris B, Marc V H, Dirk I. Superoxide diamutase and stress tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Pysiol Plant Mol Biol,1992,43:83-116
[63]Damkjaer J T, KereicheS, ohnsonM PJ, KovacsL, Kiss AZ,Boekema E J,Ruban AV, Horton P, Jansson S. The Photosystem Ⅱ Light-Harvesting Protein Lhcb3 Affects theMacrostructure of Photosystem Ⅱ and the Rate of State Transitions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2009,21:3245-3256
[64]Delauney A J,Verma DPS. A soybean gene encoding 1-pyrroline-s-carboxylate reductase was isolated by functional comp lementation in E. coli and is found to be osmo regulated. Mol Gen Gendt,1990,221:299-305
[65]Eisenhaber B, ChumakN, Eisenhaber F, Hauser MT. The ring between ring fingers (RBR) protein family. Genome Biology,2007,8(3):20901-20910
[66]Falkenberg P,Storm AR. Purification and characterization of osmo regulatory betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of E. coli. Biochim Biophys Acta,1990,1034:253-259
[67]Ferrer-Martinez A, Casado FJ,Felipe A,Pastor-Anglada M. Regulation of Na+, K+-ATPase and the Na+/K+/Cl-co-transporter in the renal epithelial cell line NBL-1 under osmotic stress. Biochem.J.,1996,319:337-342
[68]Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. Annu Rev Biochem,1975,44:147-150
[69]Fukuda T,Kido A,Kajino K. Cloning of differentially expressed genes in highly and low metastatic rat Osteosarcomas by a modified cDNA-AFLP method. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1999,261(1):35-40
[70]Gadallah M.A.A. Effects of proline and glycinebetaine on Vicia faba response to salt stress. Biol. Plant.,1999,42:249-257
[71]Galuszka P., Frebort I., Sebela M., Jacobsen S., and Pavel P. Degradation of cytokinins by cytokinin oxidases in plants. Plant Growth Regulation,2000,32(2-3):315-327
[72]Gamsjaeger R, Liew CK, Loughlin FE, Crossley M, Mackay JP. Sticky fingers:zinc-fingers as protein-recognition motifs. Trends Biochem Sci,2007,32 (2):63-70
[73]Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutase, occurrencein higher plant.Plant Physiol, 1977,59:309-314
[74]Hajibagheri M A,Yeo A R,Flowers T J. Salinity resistance in Zeamays:fluxes of potassium, sodium and chloride, cytoplasmic concentrations and microsomal membrane lipids. Plant Cell and Environment,1989,12:753-757
[75]Hanks S K,Quin A M,Hunter T. The protein kinase family:conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science,1988,241:42-52
[76]Hare PD, Staden J. Cytokinin oxidase:biochemical features and physiological significance. Physiol.Plantarum,1994,91(1):128-136
[77]Harndahl U, Hall RB, Osteryoung KW, Vierling E, Bornman JF, Sundby C.The chloroplast small heat shock protein undergoes oxidation-dependent conformational changes and may protect plants from oxidative stress. Cell Stress & Chaperones,1999,4(2):129-138
[78]Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts:1. Kinetics and stiochiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys,1968,125:189-198
[79]Hmida-Sayari A, Costa A, Leone A, Jaoua S, Gargouri-Bouzid R.Identification of salt stress-induced transcripts in potato leaves by cDNA-AFLP.Molecular biotechnology, 2005,30:31-40
[80]Ho SL, Tong WF, Yu SM. Multiple mode regulation of a cysteine proteinase gene expression in rice.Plant Physiology,2000,122:57-66
[81]Karimi G, Ghorbanli M, Heidari H, Khavarinejad RA, Assare MH. The effects of NaCl on growth,water relations,osmolytes and ion content in Kochia prostrate. Biol. Planta,2005, 49:301-304.
[82]Kishor P, Hong Z, Miao GH, Hu C, Verma D. Overexpression of [delta]-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiol,1995,108:1387-1394
[83]Lapik YR, Kaufman LS. The Arabidopsis Cupin domain protein AtPirinl interacts with the G protein a-subunit GPA1 and regulates seed germination and early seedling development. The Plant Cell,2003,15:1578-1590.
[84]Liu JJ, Ekramoddoullah AK. Identification and characterization of the WRKY transcription factor family in Pinus monticola. Genome,2009,52(1):77-88
[85]Liu Q, Kasuga M, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2 with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two celluar signal transduction pathways in drought and low temperature responsive gene expression,respectively, in Arabidopsis. Plant cell,1998,10:1391-1406
[86]Liu YL,Schiff M,MaratheR,Dinesh-Kumar SP.Tobacco Rar1, EDS1 and NPR1/NIM1 like genes are required for N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The Plant Journal,2002,30(4):415-429
[87]Lorick KL, JensenJP, Fang S, Ong AM, Hatakeyama S,Weissman AM. RING fingers mediate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)-dependent ubiquitination. Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci.USA.,1999,96:11364-11369
[88]Lovering R, Hanson IM, Borden KL, Martin S, O'Reilly NJ, Evan GI, Rahman D, Pappin DJ, Trowsdale J, Freemont PS. Identification and preliminary characterization of a protein motif related to the zinc finger. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,90:2112-2116
[89]Lu CM, VonshakA. Effects of salinity stress on photosystem Ⅱ function incyanobacterial Spirulina platensis cells. Physi Plant,2002,114:405-413
[90]Ma K, Xiao JH, Li XH, Zhang QF, Lian XM. Sequence and expression analysis of the C3HC4-type RING finger gene family in rice. Gene,2009,444:33-45
[91]Marino JH, Cook P, Miller KS. Accurate and statistically verified quantification of relative mRNA abundances using SYBR Green Ⅰ and real-time RT-PCR. J Immun Methods,2003, 283:291-306
[92]Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A. Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor ⅢA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J,1985,4 (6):1609-1614
[93]Moran J F, Becana M. Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants, Planta,1994,94: 346-352
[94]Parka CY, Lee JH, Yoo JH, MoonBC, ChoiMS,KangYH, Lee SM, Kim HS, KangKY, Chung WS, Lim CO, Cho MJ. WRKY group Ⅱd transcription factors interact with calmodulin. FEBS Letters,2005,579:1545-1550
[95]Pickart CM. Ubiquitin in chains. Trends Biochem Sci,2000,25(11):544-548
[96]Poza-Carrion C, Aguilar-Martinez JA, Cubas P. Role of TCP Gene BRANCHED1 in the Control of Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis. Plant Signaling & Behavior,2007,2(6):551-552
[97]Prag G, Misra S, Jones EA, Ghirlando R, Davies BA, Horazdovsky BF, Hurley JH. Mechanism of ubiquitin recognition by the CUE domain of Vps9p. Cell,2003,113:609-620
[98]Roger R L. Pressure regulation of the electrical properies of growing Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs. Plant Physiol,1996,112:1089-1100
[99]Schroda M, Vallon O, Wollman FA, Beck CF. A Chloroplast-Targeted Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70)Contributes to the Photoprotection and Repair of Photosystem Ⅱ during and after Photoinhibition. The Plant Cell,1999,11:1165-1178
[100]Schumann U, Prestele J, O'Geen H, Brueggeman R, Wanner G, Gietl C. Requirement of the C3HC4 zinc RING finger of the Arabidopsis PEX10 for photorespiration and leaf peroxisome contact with chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104 (3):1069-1074
[101]Serrano R, Rodriguez PL. Plant, genes and ions. EMBO reports,2002,3(2):116-119
[102]Sheoran IS, Singal HR, Singh R. Effect of cadmium and nickel on photosynthesis and theenzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle in pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan L.). Photosynth Res,1990, (23):345-351.
[103]Shih SC, Prag G, Francis SA, Sutanto MA, Hurley JH, Hicke L. A ubiquitin-binding motif required for intramolecular monoubiquitylation, the CUE domain. EMBO J,2003, 22(6):1273-1281
[104]Shih SC, Sloper-Mould KE, Hicke L. Monoubiquitin carries a novel internalization signal that is appended to activated receptors. EMBO J,2000,19:187-198
[105]Simoes-Araujo JL, Rodrigues RL, de A Gerhardt LB, Mondego JM, Alves-Ferreira M, Rumjanek NG, Margis-Pinheiro M. Identification of differentially expressed genes by cDNA-AFLP technique during heat stress in cowpea nodules. FEBS letters,2002,515: 44-50
[106]Singh NK, Bracker CA, Hasegawa PM,Handa AK,Buckel S, Hermodson MA, Pfankoch ED, RegnierFE, Bressan RA. Characterization of osmotin A thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotic adaptation in plant cells. Plant Physiol,1987,85:529-536
[107]Skriver K, Olsen FL, Roger JC. Cis-avting DNA element responsive to gibbereklin and its antagonist abscisic acid. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,1991,88:7266-7270
[108]SneddenW A, Fromm H. Calmodulin as a versatile calcium signal transducer in plants. New Phytol,2001,151:35-66
[109]Stadtman E R. Oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins by radiolysis and by metal catalyzed reactions. Annu Rev Biochem,1993,62:797-821.
[110]Stewart C R. Effect of NaCl on proline synthesis and utilization in exerised barleyleaves. Plant Physiol,1983,72:664-667
[111]Stockinger EJ, Gilmour SJ. Thomashow MF.Arabidopsis thaliana CBF1 encodes an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that binds to the C-repeat/DRE, a cis-acting DNA regulatory element that simulates transcription in response to low temperature and water deficit. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.,1997,94:1035-1040
[112]Stohs S J,Bagchi D. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med.,1995,18(2):321-336
[113]Stone SL, Hauksdottir H, Troy A, Herschleb J, Kraft E, Callis J. Functional analysisof the RING-type ubiquitin ligase family of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,137:13-30
[114]Strogonov B.P. Structure and function of plant cells in saline habitats. Halsted Press New York.1973:57-58
[115]Wang YM, ZhuW, Levy DE. Nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA quantification by SYBR green based real-time RT-PCR. Methods,2006,39:356-362
[116]Wu MS, Gao ZH, Dai J R. Studies on differential gene expression of maize (Zea mays L.) by means of cDNA-AFLP technique. Acta Agronmica Sinica,2001,27 (3):339-342
[117]XueGP, Loveridge CW. HvDRF1 is involved in abscisic acid-mediated gene regulation in barley and produces two forms of AP2 transcriptional activators, nteracting preferably with a CT-rich element. The Plant Journal,2004,37:326-339
[118]Yang Y, Jiang DA, Xu HX, Yan CQ, Hao SR. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is required for adaptation to salt stress in wild soybean species Glycine cyrtolaba ACC547. Biol.Planta,2006,50:586-590
[119]Zeba N, Isbat M, Kwon NJ, Lee MO, Kim SR, Hong CB. Heat-inducible C3HC4 type RING zinc finger protein gene from Capsicum annuum enhances growth of transgenic tobacco. Planta,2009,229:861-871
[120]Zhang JY, Broeckling CD, BlancaflorEB, SledgeMK, Sumner LW, WangZY. Overe'xpression of WXP1, a putative Medicago truncatula AP2 domain-containing transcription factor gene, increases cuticular wax accumulation and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa(Medicago sativa). The Plant Journal,2005,42:689-707
[121]Zhang YH, Shih DS. Isolation of an osmotin-like protein gene from strawberry and analysis of the response of this gene to abiotic stresses. Journal of Plant Physiology,2007, 164:68-77
[122]Zhang YJ, WangLJ. The WRKY transcription factor superfamily:its origin in eukaryotesand expansion in plants. BMC Evolutionary Biology,2005,5:1-12
[123]Zhu JH, Liu-HL, Tu FZ, Tian WM, Peng SQ. Cloning and molecular characterazation of a RING zinc finger gene of Hevea brasiliensis. J Plant Physiol Mol Biol,2006,32 (6):627-633