临轨SAR干涉测量基准转换及数据融合技术应用于地面沉降研究
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摘要
在全球气候变化、区域经济迅速发展的背景下,超量开采地下水,引发了一系列的区域地面沉降问题。口前,我国有95个城市发生了地面沉降,总面积达到了48655平方千米。地面沉降是一种不可补偿的永久性环境和资源损失,是地质环境系统破坏所导致的区域地质灾害,并可以诱发地面塌陷、地裂缝等系列环境灾害,形成灾害链,对城市基础设施、高速铁路等重大工程产生了严重的威胁,成为制约区域可持续发展的重大环境问题。
合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术是近二十年发展起来的一项新的空间对地观测技术,在监测地面沉降方面具有独特的优势。相对于水准测量等常规监测方法,InSAR技术可以大范围获取高时、空分辨率的地表形变细节信息,有着毫米级监测精度。但是在监测区域地面沉降时,高分辨率SAR幅宽较窄无法满足区域尺度监测要求,同时线状地物(如城际铁路)贯穿于多幅SAR图像,无法在同一轨道SAR影像中完整实现监测结果,需要对相邻轨道SAR数据监测结果进行数据融合,以获得大尺度地面沉降监测信息。
文中以北京市和天津市为典型示范研究区,选取2003-2009年7年间的Envisat卫星ASAR数据,利用基于PS点距离的逐步回归评估分析法和多轨道数据融合系统方程,对临轨SAR数据监测结果进行参考基准点的转换和相邻图幅的正确拼接,融合北京及天津地区2003～2009年间时间序列形变信息,获取京津地区大尺度形变监测结果,并对北京市和天津市地面沉降空间分布特征及成因机制进行初步分析。
In the context of global climate change, regional rapid economic development, dramatic increasing of groundwater exploitation, which induced the series of land subsidence. According to statistics, there are 95 cities which occurred land subsidence in China, the total area reached 48,655 square kilometers. Land subsidence is a non-permanent loss of environment and resources, which is geological disaster caused by the destruction of the geological environment system. It can induce ground subsidence, cracks, and other environmental disasters, which will form disaster chain formation, having a serious threat to urban infrastructure, high-speed railway and other major projects; it will be the major environmental problems restricting the regional sustainable development.
InSAR technology is a new method for earth observation has developed in the past two decades. Compared with other conventional monitoring methods like leveling, InSAR technology has a wide range of high time and space resolution of details of surface deformation and has millimeter-level monitoring accuracy. However, when monitoring the regional land subsidence, high-resolution SAR narrow width (8-10km) can not satisfy the regional scale monitoring requirements. While linear features (such as inter-city rail) throughout the multiple SAR images, can not get fully realized monitoring results in single track. We have to fusion the adjacent track SAR data in order to obtain large-scale land subsidence monitoring information.
This paper takes Beijing and Tianjin as typical demonstration research area, selects the 7 years between 2003-2009 Envisat satellite ASAR data. Using the stepwise regression assessment analysis method and equations of multi-track data fusion system based on the distance of PS points, we transformed the reference point for monitoring results of the adjacent track SAR data and mosaicd the adjacent sheet correctly. Fusion Beijing and Tianjin area deformation information between 2003-2009 time series, obtain Beijing-Tianjin region of large-scale deformation monitoring results, and analysis the spatial distribution characteristics and.genetic mechanismof land subsidence of Beijing and Tianjin.
合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术是近二十年发展起来的一项新的空间对地观测技术,在监测地面沉降方面具有独特的优势。相对于水准测量等常规监测方法,InSAR技术可以大范围获取高时、空分辨率的地表形变细节信息,有着毫米级监测精度。但是在监测区域地面沉降时,高分辨率SAR幅宽较窄无法满足区域尺度监测要求,同时线状地物(如城际铁路)贯穿于多幅SAR图像,无法在同一轨道SAR影像中完整实现监测结果,需要对相邻轨道SAR数据监测结果进行数据融合,以获得大尺度地面沉降监测信息。
文中以北京市和天津市为典型示范研究区,选取2003-2009年7年间的Envisat卫星ASAR数据,利用基于PS点距离的逐步回归评估分析法和多轨道数据融合系统方程,对临轨SAR数据监测结果进行参考基准点的转换和相邻图幅的正确拼接,融合北京及天津地区2003～2009年间时间序列形变信息,获取京津地区大尺度形变监测结果,并对北京市和天津市地面沉降空间分布特征及成因机制进行初步分析。
In the context of global climate change, regional rapid economic development, dramatic increasing of groundwater exploitation, which induced the series of land subsidence. According to statistics, there are 95 cities which occurred land subsidence in China, the total area reached 48,655 square kilometers. Land subsidence is a non-permanent loss of environment and resources, which is geological disaster caused by the destruction of the geological environment system. It can induce ground subsidence, cracks, and other environmental disasters, which will form disaster chain formation, having a serious threat to urban infrastructure, high-speed railway and other major projects; it will be the major environmental problems restricting the regional sustainable development.
InSAR technology is a new method for earth observation has developed in the past two decades. Compared with other conventional monitoring methods like leveling, InSAR technology has a wide range of high time and space resolution of details of surface deformation and has millimeter-level monitoring accuracy. However, when monitoring the regional land subsidence, high-resolution SAR narrow width (8-10km) can not satisfy the regional scale monitoring requirements. While linear features (such as inter-city rail) throughout the multiple SAR images, can not get fully realized monitoring results in single track. We have to fusion the adjacent track SAR data in order to obtain large-scale land subsidence monitoring information.
This paper takes Beijing and Tianjin as typical demonstration research area, selects the 7 years between 2003-2009 Envisat satellite ASAR data. Using the stepwise regression assessment analysis method and equations of multi-track data fusion system based on the distance of PS points, we transformed the reference point for monitoring results of the adjacent track SAR data and mosaicd the adjacent sheet correctly. Fusion Beijing and Tianjin area deformation information between 2003-2009 time series, obtain Beijing-Tianjin region of large-scale deformation monitoring results, and analysis the spatial distribution characteristics and.genetic mechanismof land subsidence of Beijing and Tianjin.
引文
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[2]廖明生,田馨,赵卿.FerraSAR_X_TanDEM_X雷达遥感计划及其应用[J].测绘信息与工程,2007,32(2)：44-46
[3]罗小军.久散射体雷达差分干涉理论及在上海地面沉降监测中的应[D].2007
[4]Gabriel A.K., Zebker H.A.Crossed orbit interferometry:Theory and experimental results from SIR-B [J].Int Remote Sens,1988,9:857-872
[5]Ferretti, C. Prati and F. Rocca, Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci [J]. Remote Sensing,38(5):2202-2212,2000.
[6]Hooper. A., H. Zebker, P. Segall and B. Kampes. A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (23),5,2004.
[7]Galloway, D.L., K.W. Hudnut, S.E. Ingebritsen, S.P. Phillips, G. Peltzer, F. Rogez, and P.A. Rosen. Detection of aquifer system compaction and land subsidence using interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California, [J], Water Resources Research, v.34, p.2573-2585, 1998.
[8]Buurgmann, Roland, Hilley et al., Resolving vertical tectonics in the San Francisco Bay Area from permanent scatterer InSAR and GPS analysis [J]. Geology, Mar 2006,34(3):221-224.
[9]Ferretti, A., Savio, G., Barzaghi, R, Borghi, A, Musazzi, S., Novali, F., Prati, C, Rocca, F., Submillimeter Accuracy of InSAR Time Series[M]:Experimental Validation, GeoRS(45), No.5, May 2007, pp.1142-1153.
[10]李德仁,廖明生,王艳.永久散射体雷达干涉测量技术[J].武汉大学学报,2004,29(8)：664-668.
[11]王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[12]汤益先,张红,王超.基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量的苏州地区沉降研究[J].自然科学进展2006,16(8)：1015-1020.
[13]吴涛,张红,王超,汤益先,吴宏安.多基线距D-InSAR技术反演城市地表缓慢形变[J]科学通报,2008(15)：1849-1857.
[14]葛大庆,王艳,郭小方,范景辉,刘圣伟.利用短基线差分干涉纹图集监测地表形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,P225.1,28(2),2008.
[15]李志伟.Modeling Atmospheric Effects on Repeat-pass InSAR Measurements [D]. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2004
[16]宫辉力,基于永久散射体雷达十涉测量技术的北京地区地面沉降研究[J],自然科学进展,2009,19(11)：1261-1266
[17]何庆成,方志雷,李志明,刘文波.InSAR技术及其在沧州地面沉降监测中应用[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京)；北京大学),2006,13(1)：179-184
[18]胡俊,丁晓利,朱建军.基JCRInSAR和kalman滤波的监测地表三维形变的研究[J].测绘科学,Vol·34 No·2 Mar.
[19]Fialko Y,David Sandwell,Mark Simons,Paul Rosen.Three-dimensional deformation caused by theBam,Iran,earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit.Nature,435(7040),295-299
[20]Fialko Y.,M. Simons, and D. Agnew. The complete(3-D)surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(16):3063-3066.
[21]Tim J. Wright, Cindy Ebinger, Juliet Biggs. Magma-maintained rift segmentation at continental rupture in the 2005 Afar dyking episode. Vol 44220 July 2006
[22]Noa B D Bechor, Howard A Zebker. Measuring two-dimensional movements using a single InSAR pair [J]. Geophys Res Lett,2006.
[23]Alex Hay-Man Ng, Hsing-Chung Chang, Kui Zhang. Deformation mapping in three dimensions for underground mining using InSAR-Southern highland coal field in New South Wales, Australia [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol.00, No.00, DD Month 2009,1-26.
[24]Noel Gourmelen, Falk Amelung, Francesco Casu. Mining-related ground deformation in Crescent Valley, Nevada:Implications for sparse GPS networks. Geophysical Research Letters, VOL.34, L09309, doi:10.1029/2007GL029427,2007
[25]Daniele Perissin,Claudio Prati. Identifying urban SAR Permanent Scatterers for motion interpretation and multi-track data fusion [J]. Rivista italiana di Telerilevamento-2008,40 (2):115-121
[26]Gini Ketelaar, Freek van Leijen, Petar Marinkovic and Ramon Hanssen. MULTI-TRACK PS-INSAR: DATUM CONNECTION AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT[J]. Proc.'Envisat Symposium 2007'.Montreux, Switzerland23-27 April 2007 (ESA SP-636, July 2007)
[27]Gini Ketelaar, Freek van Leijen, Petar Marinkovic and Ramon Hanssen.Multi-track PS-InSAR datum connection[J],2007
[28]Daniele Perissin,D. Perissin, F. Rocca. High accuracy urban DEM using Permanent Scatterers [J]. IEEE TGARS,2006,44(11):3338-3347
[29]Daniele Perissin, Claudio Prati, Fabio Rocca, Deren Li, Mingsheng Liao. Multi-Track PS Analysis in Shanghai[C], Proc., ENVISAT Symposium 2007, Montreux, Switzerland,2007
[30]查显杰,傅容珊,戴志阳.用D-InSAR技术测量地面形变位移三分量[J]地球物理学进展.2005,12.997-1002
[31]任小冲,汤井田,李志伟,佟国功,胡丹.干涉合成孔径雷达三维地表形变监测[J].海洋测绘.2008,28(5).
[32]黄秀铭等,1975,新生代地堑构造基本特征(华北地区新生代地堑构造及其地震活动)[J].地震战线,3期.
[33]黄秀铭、汪良谋等,北京地区新构造运动特征[J].地震地质,13(1)：43-51,1991
[34]焦青,邱泽华,《北京平原地区主要活动断裂带研究进展》[C].地壳构造与地壳应力论文集(18)：72-842006.
[35]焦青,邱泽华,范国胜,北京地区八宝山-黄庄-高丽营断裂的活动与地震[J].大地测量与地球动力学,25(4)：50-54,2005
[36]北京地质灾害[M],中国大地出版社,北京2008.
[37]天津市国土与规划资源局《天津市地下水资源及地下水环境评价》[R],2002.
[38]北京地下水[M],中国大地出版社,北京,2008.
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