柴达木新生代盆地原型恢复的探讨
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摘要
柴达木盆地位于青藏高原的东北隅,是我国油气勘探的重要基地,同时也是记录新生代高原形成和演化历史的重要场所。因此研究柴达木新生代的盆地原型必定能够促进柴达木盆地油气勘探的发展和完善对青藏高原隆升机制的认识。
本文以柴达木盆地周缘大地构造背景为框架,以包括岩相和厚度变化的原始沉积记录为依据,以通过跨越全盆地的区域构造剖面的平衡恢复为基准,同时,综合性的参考了盆地沉积、盆地构造和相关的探井资料,对于柴达木盆地新生代不同时期的原型进行了恢复,重建了各时期的盆地特征与形态。
研究指出,新生代以来经过沉积相分析、沉积厚度恢复和剖面平衡复原所得到的不同时期盆地原型与同期残余轮廓比较起来具有较大的差异。造成这种差异的原因为晚期的盆地收缩挤压,盆地南缘的活动时期主要为下干柴沟组晚期和狮子沟组沉积后到第四纪两个阶段,其动力学机制为阿尔金山的隆升与东昆仑山的向北挤压。盆地北缘的构造形成时间主要为狮子沟组及第四纪,南祁连山脉的隆升制约着北缘的构造格局。论文对于新生代各阶段盆地原型和残余轮廓的变化幅度进行了计算,并且对于构造演化动力模型进行了初步探讨。
新生代柴达木盆地经历了古近纪早期古新世的(路乐河组—下干柴沟组沉积时)坳陷沉降和新近纪中新世(上干柴沟组沉积后—第四纪)以来的受走滑冲断改造的挤压坳陷沉降过程。新生代以来盆地的构造演化整体表现为内部压扭性构造带的形成和沉降中心自西向东转移的过程。
The Qaidam basin, with an average elevation of～2500m, is the largest petroliferous sedimentary basin in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and surrounded by Altyn Tagh to the northwest, South Qilian Shan to the northeast and Eastern Kunlun Shan to the south. It's also an important place recording the formation and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Research on its Cenozoic Prototypes will provide a new constraint for study on the uplift of Tibetan Plateau.
In this dissertation, we restored Cenozoic Prototypes of the Qaidam basin during various periods, based on analysis of the tectonic settings, original facies and thickness of sedimentary rocks, restoration of balanced cross-sections and related well data.
The original sedimentary ranges of various periods are different from that of the present and much bigger in Qaidam basin, probably resulting from the compressive stress induced by Cenozoic India-Tibetan collision. The southern part of Qaidam basin experienced mainly two stages of tectonic deformations at the end of depositing period of Xiaganchaigou formation (late Eocene -Oligocene) and after the depositing period of Shizigou formation (since Middle Pliocene) respectively, due to the uplift of Altyn Tagh and northward compression of Eastern Kunlun Shan. However, tectonic deformation of the northern part of the basin mainly occurred during the depositing period of Shizigou formation and the Qarternary (since Late Miocene) owing to the uplift of South Qilian Shan.
Qaidam Basin experienced two different evolutional processes during the Cenozoic: a depression during Paleocene-Eocene time (depositing period of Lulehe formation and Xiaganchaigou formation), and a compressional depression altered by strike-slip thrust since the Oligocene time. And the subsiding center of Qaidam basin transferred eastward over time. Finally, the dissertation also discussed the geodynamic model for the Cenozoic evolution.
本文以柴达木盆地周缘大地构造背景为框架,以包括岩相和厚度变化的原始沉积记录为依据,以通过跨越全盆地的区域构造剖面的平衡恢复为基准,同时,综合性的参考了盆地沉积、盆地构造和相关的探井资料,对于柴达木盆地新生代不同时期的原型进行了恢复,重建了各时期的盆地特征与形态。
研究指出,新生代以来经过沉积相分析、沉积厚度恢复和剖面平衡复原所得到的不同时期盆地原型与同期残余轮廓比较起来具有较大的差异。造成这种差异的原因为晚期的盆地收缩挤压,盆地南缘的活动时期主要为下干柴沟组晚期和狮子沟组沉积后到第四纪两个阶段,其动力学机制为阿尔金山的隆升与东昆仑山的向北挤压。盆地北缘的构造形成时间主要为狮子沟组及第四纪,南祁连山脉的隆升制约着北缘的构造格局。论文对于新生代各阶段盆地原型和残余轮廓的变化幅度进行了计算,并且对于构造演化动力模型进行了初步探讨。
新生代柴达木盆地经历了古近纪早期古新世的(路乐河组—下干柴沟组沉积时)坳陷沉降和新近纪中新世(上干柴沟组沉积后—第四纪)以来的受走滑冲断改造的挤压坳陷沉降过程。新生代以来盆地的构造演化整体表现为内部压扭性构造带的形成和沉降中心自西向东转移的过程。
The Qaidam basin, with an average elevation of～2500m, is the largest petroliferous sedimentary basin in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and surrounded by Altyn Tagh to the northwest, South Qilian Shan to the northeast and Eastern Kunlun Shan to the south. It's also an important place recording the formation and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Research on its Cenozoic Prototypes will provide a new constraint for study on the uplift of Tibetan Plateau.
In this dissertation, we restored Cenozoic Prototypes of the Qaidam basin during various periods, based on analysis of the tectonic settings, original facies and thickness of sedimentary rocks, restoration of balanced cross-sections and related well data.
The original sedimentary ranges of various periods are different from that of the present and much bigger in Qaidam basin, probably resulting from the compressive stress induced by Cenozoic India-Tibetan collision. The southern part of Qaidam basin experienced mainly two stages of tectonic deformations at the end of depositing period of Xiaganchaigou formation (late Eocene -Oligocene) and after the depositing period of Shizigou formation (since Middle Pliocene) respectively, due to the uplift of Altyn Tagh and northward compression of Eastern Kunlun Shan. However, tectonic deformation of the northern part of the basin mainly occurred during the depositing period of Shizigou formation and the Qarternary (since Late Miocene) owing to the uplift of South Qilian Shan.
Qaidam Basin experienced two different evolutional processes during the Cenozoic: a depression during Paleocene-Eocene time (depositing period of Lulehe formation and Xiaganchaigou formation), and a compressional depression altered by strike-slip thrust since the Oligocene time. And the subsiding center of Qaidam basin transferred eastward over time. Finally, the dissertation also discussed the geodynamic model for the Cenozoic evolution.
引文
Butler R W H.Thrust sequences[J].Journal of Geological Society.London,1987,144:857-634.
Jolivet M.,Brunel M.,Seward D.,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau:fission-track constraints[J].Tectonophysics,2001,343(1-2):111-134.
Wang Liang,Xiao Ancheng,Gong Qinglin,Liu Dong,Wu Lie,Zhou Suping,Shen Zhongyan,Lou Qianqian,Sun Xiaowen.Finding of the unconformity in Miocene sequence,the western Qaidam basin and its tectonic significance[J].Science in China Series D,2009:accepted.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294(23):1671-1675.
Yin,A.,Dang,Y.Q.,Wang,L.C.,Zhou,S.P.,Chen,X.H.,George E.Gehrels and Michael W.McRivette.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 1):The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and northern Qaidam basin,Geological Society of America Bulletin[J],GSA Bulletin,2008,7(8):P813-846.
Yin,A.,Dang,Y.Q.,Zhang M.,Chen,X.H.,Michael W.McRivette.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 3):Structural geology,sedimentation,and regional tectonic reconstruction[J],GSA Bulletin,2008,7(8):P847-876.
曹国强.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系沉积相研究[D].2005
戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地构造样式的类型和展布[J].西北地质科学,2000,21(2):57-63.
狄恒恕,王松贵.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨[J].地球科学,1991,16(6):533-539.
葛肖虹,张梅生,刘永江,等.阿尔金断裂研究的科学问题与研究思路[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):295-301.
何登发,白武明,孟庆任.塔里木盆地地球动力学演化与含油气系统旋回[J].地球物理学报,1998,4(s1):77-87.
何登发,贾承造,李德生等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成于演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.
何登发,贾承造,童晓光等.叠合盆地概念辨析[J].石油勘探与开发,31(1):1-7.
黄汉纯,周显强.柴达木盆地构造演化与石油富集规律[J].地质论评,1989,5(4):314-323.
金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展[J].中国科学D辑,2004.34(SI):1-12
金之钧,中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展(之一)[J].石油与天然气地质,2005.26(5):553-562.
刘池阳,青藏-喜马拉雅构造域及其演化-影响的时空坐标,第四届全国构造会议论文摘要集[M],2008,P93-94.
吕宝凤,赵小花,周莉,段生盛,柴达木盆地新生代沉积转移及其动力学意义[J],沉积学报,2008,26(4):552-558.
倪金龙,汪劲草,周莉,等.中-新生代东昆仑造山带构造事件及柴西南盆地原型研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(3):505-510.
汤良杰,金之钧,戴俊生等,柴达木盆地及相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J],地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):P676-682.
童晓光,何登发.油气勘探原理与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.37-41.
王步清,柴达木盆地新生代构造演化与沉积特征[J],新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):670-672.
王国灿,向树元,王岸,等.东昆仑及相邻地区中生代-新生代早期构造过程的热年代学记录[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(5):605-614.
王鸿桢,刘本培,李思田,等.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[M].北京:中国地质大学,1990.
王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,刘东,沈中延,周苏平,吴磊,楼谦谦,孙晓文.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学(D),2009:已接受
王亮.柴达木盆地新生代不整合的发现对阿尔金断裂研究的启示[D].2009
吴光大,葛肖虹,刘永江等,柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制[J],世界地质,2006,25(4):P411-417.
吴珍汉,叶培盛,赵文津,等.东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造系统[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):448-456.
向树元,王国灿,邓中林.东昆仑东段新生代高原隆升重大事件的沉积响应[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(6):615-620.
肖安成,陈志勇,程晓敢,马达德,王亮,陈元忠,覃素华.新生代的阿尔金断裂与柴达木盆地的构造耦合分析[J].地学前缘,2009:已接受.
徐凤银,尹成明,巩庆林等,柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制,石油地质,2006,P9-37
袁万明,张雪亭,董金泉,等.东昆仑隆升作用的裂变径迹研究[J].原子能科学技术,2004,38(2):166-168.
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地力油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
张明山,陈发景.平衡剖面技术应用的条件及实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):532-540.
张渝昌,中国含油气盆地原型分析[M].南京:南京大学出版社.1997
赵文智,靳久强,薛良清等,中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地形成与演化.北京:石油工业出版社.2000,67-68
朱夏,陈焕疆.论中国油气的盆地构造演化[M].第26界国际地质会议能源讨论会报告集.1980.
朱夏,中新生代油气盆地.构造地质学进展[M].北京:科学出版社,1982,113-124.
Jolivet M.,Brunel M.,Seward D.,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau:fission-track constraints[J].Tectonophysics,2001,343(1-2):111-134.
Wang Liang,Xiao Ancheng,Gong Qinglin,Liu Dong,Wu Lie,Zhou Suping,Shen Zhongyan,Lou Qianqian,Sun Xiaowen.Finding of the unconformity in Miocene sequence,the western Qaidam basin and its tectonic significance[J].Science in China Series D,2009:accepted.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294(23):1671-1675.
Yin,A.,Dang,Y.Q.,Wang,L.C.,Zhou,S.P.,Chen,X.H.,George E.Gehrels and Michael W.McRivette.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 1):The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and northern Qaidam basin,Geological Society of America Bulletin[J],GSA Bulletin,2008,7(8):P813-846.
Yin,A.,Dang,Y.Q.,Zhang M.,Chen,X.H.,Michael W.McRivette.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 3):Structural geology,sedimentation,and regional tectonic reconstruction[J],GSA Bulletin,2008,7(8):P847-876.
曹国强.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系沉积相研究[D].2005
戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地构造样式的类型和展布[J].西北地质科学,2000,21(2):57-63.
狄恒恕,王松贵.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代构造演化探讨[J].地球科学,1991,16(6):533-539.
葛肖虹,张梅生,刘永江,等.阿尔金断裂研究的科学问题与研究思路[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):295-301.
何登发,白武明,孟庆任.塔里木盆地地球动力学演化与含油气系统旋回[J].地球物理学报,1998,4(s1):77-87.
何登发,贾承造,李德生等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成于演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.
何登发,贾承造,童晓光等.叠合盆地概念辨析[J].石油勘探与开发,31(1):1-7.
黄汉纯,周显强.柴达木盆地构造演化与石油富集规律[J].地质论评,1989,5(4):314-323.
金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展[J].中国科学D辑,2004.34(SI):1-12
金之钧,中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展(之一)[J].石油与天然气地质,2005.26(5):553-562.
刘池阳,青藏-喜马拉雅构造域及其演化-影响的时空坐标,第四届全国构造会议论文摘要集[M],2008,P93-94.
吕宝凤,赵小花,周莉,段生盛,柴达木盆地新生代沉积转移及其动力学意义[J],沉积学报,2008,26(4):552-558.
倪金龙,汪劲草,周莉,等.中-新生代东昆仑造山带构造事件及柴西南盆地原型研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(3):505-510.
汤良杰,金之钧,戴俊生等,柴达木盆地及相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J],地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):P676-682.
童晓光,何登发.油气勘探原理与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.37-41.
王步清,柴达木盆地新生代构造演化与沉积特征[J],新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):670-672.
王国灿,向树元,王岸,等.东昆仑及相邻地区中生代-新生代早期构造过程的热年代学记录[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(5):605-614.
王鸿桢,刘本培,李思田,等.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[M].北京:中国地质大学,1990.
王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,刘东,沈中延,周苏平,吴磊,楼谦谦,孙晓文.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学(D),2009:已接受
王亮.柴达木盆地新生代不整合的发现对阿尔金断裂研究的启示[D].2009
吴光大,葛肖虹,刘永江等,柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制[J],世界地质,2006,25(4):P411-417.
吴珍汉,叶培盛,赵文津,等.东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造系统[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):448-456.
向树元,王国灿,邓中林.东昆仑东段新生代高原隆升重大事件的沉积响应[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2003,28(6):615-620.
肖安成,陈志勇,程晓敢,马达德,王亮,陈元忠,覃素华.新生代的阿尔金断裂与柴达木盆地的构造耦合分析[J].地学前缘,2009:已接受.
徐凤银,尹成明,巩庆林等,柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制,石油地质,2006,P9-37
袁万明,张雪亭,董金泉,等.东昆仑隆升作用的裂变径迹研究[J].原子能科学技术,2004,38(2):166-168.
翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地力油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
张明山,陈发景.平衡剖面技术应用的条件及实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):532-540.
张渝昌,中国含油气盆地原型分析[M].南京:南京大学出版社.1997
赵文智,靳久强,薛良清等,中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地形成与演化.北京:石油工业出版社.2000,67-68
朱夏,陈焕疆.论中国油气的盆地构造演化[M].第26界国际地质会议能源讨论会报告集.1980.
朱夏,中新生代油气盆地.构造地质学进展[M].北京:科学出版社,1982,113-124.
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