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具有电磁屏蔽功能的形状记忆聚氨酯的制备与性能研究
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摘要
本文在对具有形状记忆功能的聚氨酯(shape memory polyurethane,SMPU)的结构、记忆机理、应用状况以及电磁屏蔽聚合物的研究进展进行全面综述的基础上,利用溶液预聚法制备了具有规整嵌段结构的PBA/MDI/BDO(聚己二酸丁二醇酯/4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯/1,4-丁二醇)体系SMPU。通过实验对比,发现影响SMPU的合成和综合性能的因素,并确定了最佳制备工艺路线。利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对所合成的形状记忆聚氨酯进行了表征。分别测定了所合成形状记忆聚氨酯的力学性能和形状记忆特性,结果表明所合成的SMPU具有良好的记忆性能和力学性能:拉伸强度为28.6Mpa,断裂伸长率504%,收缩温度60℃,收缩时间小于30S。
     通过溶液共混法制备了ACET/BaTiO_3/SMPU体系复合材料,并测试了所制备复合材料的性能。结果表明:添加乙炔炭黑(ACET)能明显提高其导电性(15%ACET时,电阻率37.2Ω·m),添加钛酸钡能改善其介电常数;对SMPU性能的改变的程度与所添加物质的量有关;同时添加适量的钛酸钡和炭黑,会使材料力学性能和记忆性有某些损失(ACET含量15%,BaTiO_3含量60%时,电阻率为3.42×10~2Ω·m,介电常数为7.66,拉伸强度为6.03 Mpa),但是仍能满足一定的性能要求。说明通过这种新的探索制备智能型的电磁屏蔽材料(屏蔽效能SE大于35dB时对应的体积电阻率小于1000Ω·m)是可行的。
The structure, memory mechanism and applications of SMPU were summarized in this paper including the development of electromagnetism shield of the polymer. SMPU has been synthesized which had regular-segmented construction by solution polymerization of PBA/MDI/BDO. It can be concluded that reactive condition can influce comprehensive property of SMPU by experiment contrast, and the best technics was found. FTIR was used to analyze the SMPU. It showed better shape memory and mechanics property.
    The compound material of ACET/BaTiO3/SMPU system had been made by solution admixture, and its property was also detemined. Results showed that added ACET can evidently increase its electrical conductivity, and added BaTiO3 can improve its dielectric properties. The change extent related to the quantity of the added substance, at the same time by adding the ACET and BaTiO3, the material will have novel function of electromagnetism shield but with the loss of its mechanical and shape memory properties, it still can satisfy some requests. It elucidated that it is feasible to make the intelligent electromagnetism shield composite by the novel probe.
引文
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