水电建设项目员工知识共享行为机理与要素研究
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摘要
知识管理是全球管理研究热点之一,但现有工程管理及项目管理理论体系中知识管理的研究还有待发展。同时,随着我国水电建设的发展,各类参建企业的业务发展需要员工共享出个人的工作知识,但当前实践和先进水平还存在差距。为了从深层次上认识问题并探索解决途径,促进相关企业知识共享水平的提高,本文对水电项目中的个人知识共享行为机理、知识共享环境和障碍进行了研究。本文数据来源于对35位项目管理人员的访谈、50份部门问卷和402份个人问卷。
本文首先以社会交换理论和计划行为理论为基础,对员工的知识共享行为进行了分析,提出了解释员工知识共享行为的理论框架,并结合水电项目的特征进行了分析,然后以该研究框架为基础,以理论分析和相关实证研究为依据,提出了待验证的员工知识共享模型和相应的研究假设,该模型考虑了个人因素中的知识共享动机和代价,组织因素中的组织氛围,管理层态度和社会网络,以及知识特性的影响。然后以个人问卷调研的数据为基础,使用PLS结构方程模型,对模型中的假设进行了检验并对结果进行了讨论;以部门问卷和个人问卷数据为基础,使用排序和多元统计分析方法,对水电项目的知识共享环境和知识共享障碍进行了探索性研究。论文的主要成果和结论包括:
一、提出了知识共享行为的解释框架并验证了知识共享行为模型。验证了各类因素对知识共享行为、意向、态度、能力和主观规范的影响。
二、得出了知识共享的环境因素和方法的排序,环境因素与知识共享水平的关系模型。指出了IT系统,流程制度,组织氛围,内在激励和领导支持对宏观知识共享水平有正向影响,集权化有负向影响。
三、识别和分析了知识共享的障碍。指出水电项目中的知识共享障碍主要来自于不良的知识共享环境;部分知识共享障碍在不同行业中和不同个人特征的员工中的影响显著不同。
最后,在研究结论的基础上,本文提出了促进水电项目知识共享的管理措施体系,包括IT应用、组织设计、人力资源管理、个性化措施四个方面。
论文提出的个人知识共享行为解释框架和机理模型对现象的分析有理论意义,论文对现状的探索和改进措施建议对认识和处理问题有实践意义。
Knowledge management is one of the popular research focuses in global management research, but knowledge management is still undeveloped in engineering management and project management field. Meanwhile, as the development of Chinese hydropower projects, enterprises in these projects need their employees to share their personal working knowledge. But there are significant practical gaps between these enterprises and global advanced enterprises. In Order to understand knowledge sharing problems and explore solutions to improve knowledge sharing practice in these enterprises, this dissertation conducts a research on mechanism of individual knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing environment and obstacles in hydropower projects. The data sources of the study include interviews of 35 project management professionals, 50 department questionnaires and 402 individual questionnaires.
Based on social exchange theory and theory of planned behavior, the dissertation first analyses knowledge sharing behavior of hydropower project employees and proposes a theoretical framework to explain their knowledge sharing behavior and analyses the special characters of hydropower projects. Then, based on this framework and according to theoretical analysis and empirical research evidences, a research model of knowledge sharing behavior with hypothesizes is proposed. This model includes personal factors such as knowledge sharing motivators and costs, organizational factors such as climate, management attitude, social network and knowledge characters. Using data collected from individual questionnaires, the model is validated by PLS structural equation technique and the results are discussed. With data collected from department and individual questionnaires, knowledge sharing environment factors and obstacles are analyzed by ranking and multivariate statistics. According to the results, the following results and conclusions are achieved:
Firstly, a framework to explain knowledge sharing behavior is proposed and a model of knowledge sharing behavior are validated. Factors with significant impact to knowledge behavior, intention, attitude, ability and subject norm are validated.
Secondly, knowledge sharing environmental factors and knowledge sharing methods are ranked and a model of the correlations between environmental factors and macro knowledge sharing level are achieved. It is founded that IT system, processes, organizational climate, internal incentive and management support has significantly positive impact to knowledge sharing level of departments and centralization has significantly negative impact.
Thirdly, knowledge sharing obstacles are identified and analyzed. It is conclude that knowledge sharing obstacles are mainly from poor knowledge sharing environment and affects of some knowledge sharing obstacles are significantly different among employee groups from different industry types or with different personal factors.
Finally, based on research results, framework of management measures to improve knowledge sharing practice in hydropower projects are given, which includes IT application, organizational design, human resource management and personalized measures.
The framework and validated model of knowledge sharing behavior build the base of analyzing knowledge sharing phenomena in such projects and the exploration to current status and measures to improve knowledge sharing practice build the base of understanding and solving practical problem. So the study has both academic and practical meanings.
本文首先以社会交换理论和计划行为理论为基础,对员工的知识共享行为进行了分析,提出了解释员工知识共享行为的理论框架,并结合水电项目的特征进行了分析,然后以该研究框架为基础,以理论分析和相关实证研究为依据,提出了待验证的员工知识共享模型和相应的研究假设,该模型考虑了个人因素中的知识共享动机和代价,组织因素中的组织氛围,管理层态度和社会网络,以及知识特性的影响。然后以个人问卷调研的数据为基础,使用PLS结构方程模型,对模型中的假设进行了检验并对结果进行了讨论;以部门问卷和个人问卷数据为基础,使用排序和多元统计分析方法,对水电项目的知识共享环境和知识共享障碍进行了探索性研究。论文的主要成果和结论包括:
一、提出了知识共享行为的解释框架并验证了知识共享行为模型。验证了各类因素对知识共享行为、意向、态度、能力和主观规范的影响。
二、得出了知识共享的环境因素和方法的排序,环境因素与知识共享水平的关系模型。指出了IT系统,流程制度,组织氛围,内在激励和领导支持对宏观知识共享水平有正向影响,集权化有负向影响。
三、识别和分析了知识共享的障碍。指出水电项目中的知识共享障碍主要来自于不良的知识共享环境;部分知识共享障碍在不同行业中和不同个人特征的员工中的影响显著不同。
最后,在研究结论的基础上,本文提出了促进水电项目知识共享的管理措施体系,包括IT应用、组织设计、人力资源管理、个性化措施四个方面。
论文提出的个人知识共享行为解释框架和机理模型对现象的分析有理论意义,论文对现状的探索和改进措施建议对认识和处理问题有实践意义。
Knowledge management is one of the popular research focuses in global management research, but knowledge management is still undeveloped in engineering management and project management field. Meanwhile, as the development of Chinese hydropower projects, enterprises in these projects need their employees to share their personal working knowledge. But there are significant practical gaps between these enterprises and global advanced enterprises. In Order to understand knowledge sharing problems and explore solutions to improve knowledge sharing practice in these enterprises, this dissertation conducts a research on mechanism of individual knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing environment and obstacles in hydropower projects. The data sources of the study include interviews of 35 project management professionals, 50 department questionnaires and 402 individual questionnaires.
Based on social exchange theory and theory of planned behavior, the dissertation first analyses knowledge sharing behavior of hydropower project employees and proposes a theoretical framework to explain their knowledge sharing behavior and analyses the special characters of hydropower projects. Then, based on this framework and according to theoretical analysis and empirical research evidences, a research model of knowledge sharing behavior with hypothesizes is proposed. This model includes personal factors such as knowledge sharing motivators and costs, organizational factors such as climate, management attitude, social network and knowledge characters. Using data collected from individual questionnaires, the model is validated by PLS structural equation technique and the results are discussed. With data collected from department and individual questionnaires, knowledge sharing environment factors and obstacles are analyzed by ranking and multivariate statistics. According to the results, the following results and conclusions are achieved:
Firstly, a framework to explain knowledge sharing behavior is proposed and a model of knowledge sharing behavior are validated. Factors with significant impact to knowledge behavior, intention, attitude, ability and subject norm are validated.
Secondly, knowledge sharing environmental factors and knowledge sharing methods are ranked and a model of the correlations between environmental factors and macro knowledge sharing level are achieved. It is founded that IT system, processes, organizational climate, internal incentive and management support has significantly positive impact to knowledge sharing level of departments and centralization has significantly negative impact.
Thirdly, knowledge sharing obstacles are identified and analyzed. It is conclude that knowledge sharing obstacles are mainly from poor knowledge sharing environment and affects of some knowledge sharing obstacles are significantly different among employee groups from different industry types or with different personal factors.
Finally, based on research results, framework of management measures to improve knowledge sharing practice in hydropower projects are given, which includes IT application, organizational design, human resource management and personalized measures.
The framework and validated model of knowledge sharing behavior build the base of analyzing knowledge sharing phenomena in such projects and the exploration to current status and measures to improve knowledge sharing practice build the base of understanding and solving practical problem. So the study has both academic and practical meanings.
引文
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