基于.NET的轻量级工作流管理系统的设计和实现
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摘要
目前,越来越多的应用系统都以工作流管理系统作为支撑平台,众多的软件公司都投入了大量精力开发有自己特色的工作流产品。
工作流管理系统已成为EAI领域的必备组件。同时,在各种业务系统中,它以全新的“推”的方式驱动业务流程的运转,克服了基于菜单应用的被动性和时间上的延迟。其新颖的工作方式越来越受到用户的喜爱。
本文设计开发的软件是国家中小企业创新基金项目,目标是开发一套适合于工程项目管理系统的工作流支撑平台,并尽量做到开放,使之能与其它应用系统集成。本文完成了如下几方面的工作:
1)工作流标准进行了深入研究,并以此为基础设计了一个轻量级的工作流管理系统的组件模型;
2)通过对工作流方面(Aspect)的研究,设计了工作流管理系统的数据模型;
3)通过对工作流模式的分析,确定了工作流语言应具有的描述能力;
4)以有向图作为工作流定义语言,完成了图形工具的设计;
5)设计并实现了工作流定义接口和客户端接口;
6)认真分析了当前主流工作流引擎算法,结合扩展Petri网理论,给出了基于Petri网的工作流引擎调度算法。
7)通过分析本系统与一个具体工程项目管理系统的集成方法,给出了工作流管理系统与应用系统集成的基本框架。并针对集成中的灵活性问题,给出了一个通用的集成解决方案。
本文的项目已经完成,并已运用于多个工程项目管理系统。文中给出了部分与应用系统集成的实例代码。
Nowadays,More and more applications make use of workflow management system as its support system. Many software companies devote much time and money to developing their own workflow management system.
Workflow management system has became the necessary component of EAI. In addition, it drives business processes in various system to run in a new way which is called“PUSH”. This novel way is more and more grateful to users.
The software designed in this paper is a project of national innovation fund for Mid- and small-scale enterprise, its goal is to design a support platform of workflow which is fit for construction project management system. It should be open so as to be able to integrated with other system. The following works have been completed:
1) By doing carefully research on the workflow criterion, a Lightweight component model of a workflow management is designed.
2) Learning the aspects of workflow, we design a data model of a workflow management as well.
3) After deeply analyzing workflow patterns, we confirm the ability that a workflow language should have to describe a process.
4) A graphics tool which uses directed graph as workflow language is designed.
5) A workflow definition interface and a customer interface is implemented.
6) Doing carefully research on the main arithmetic of workflow engine, a routing arithmetic of workflow engine based on Petri net is put forward.
7) By analyzing the method of integrating workflow management system and a concrete construction project management system, we presents a framework for integrating workflow and application. In order to realize flexibility, a solution for common integration is put forward.
The project has been completed and has been integrated into several construction project management systems. Some example code of integration is given in this paper.
工作流管理系统已成为EAI领域的必备组件。同时,在各种业务系统中,它以全新的“推”的方式驱动业务流程的运转,克服了基于菜单应用的被动性和时间上的延迟。其新颖的工作方式越来越受到用户的喜爱。
本文设计开发的软件是国家中小企业创新基金项目,目标是开发一套适合于工程项目管理系统的工作流支撑平台,并尽量做到开放,使之能与其它应用系统集成。本文完成了如下几方面的工作:
1)工作流标准进行了深入研究,并以此为基础设计了一个轻量级的工作流管理系统的组件模型;
2)通过对工作流方面(Aspect)的研究,设计了工作流管理系统的数据模型;
3)通过对工作流模式的分析,确定了工作流语言应具有的描述能力;
4)以有向图作为工作流定义语言,完成了图形工具的设计;
5)设计并实现了工作流定义接口和客户端接口;
6)认真分析了当前主流工作流引擎算法,结合扩展Petri网理论,给出了基于Petri网的工作流引擎调度算法。
7)通过分析本系统与一个具体工程项目管理系统的集成方法,给出了工作流管理系统与应用系统集成的基本框架。并针对集成中的灵活性问题,给出了一个通用的集成解决方案。
本文的项目已经完成,并已运用于多个工程项目管理系统。文中给出了部分与应用系统集成的实例代码。
Nowadays,More and more applications make use of workflow management system as its support system. Many software companies devote much time and money to developing their own workflow management system.
Workflow management system has became the necessary component of EAI. In addition, it drives business processes in various system to run in a new way which is called“PUSH”. This novel way is more and more grateful to users.
The software designed in this paper is a project of national innovation fund for Mid- and small-scale enterprise, its goal is to design a support platform of workflow which is fit for construction project management system. It should be open so as to be able to integrated with other system. The following works have been completed:
1) By doing carefully research on the workflow criterion, a Lightweight component model of a workflow management is designed.
2) Learning the aspects of workflow, we design a data model of a workflow management as well.
3) After deeply analyzing workflow patterns, we confirm the ability that a workflow language should have to describe a process.
4) A graphics tool which uses directed graph as workflow language is designed.
5) A workflow definition interface and a customer interface is implemented.
6) Doing carefully research on the main arithmetic of workflow engine, a routing arithmetic of workflow engine based on Petri net is put forward.
7) By analyzing the method of integrating workflow management system and a concrete construction project management system, we presents a framework for integrating workflow and application. In order to realize flexibility, a solution for common integration is put forward.
The project has been completed and has been integrated into several construction project management systems. Some example code of integration is given in this paper.
引文
[1] Michael zur Muehlen. Workflow-based Process Controlling. Berlin:Logos Verlag,2004,1-240
[2] 范玉顺. 工作流管理技术基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社 施普林格出版社, 2001,28-192.
[3] 罗海滨, 范玉顺, 吴澄. 工作流技术综述. 软件学报, 2000,11(7):899-907
[4] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Coalition Terminology & Glossary. WFMC-TC-1011, www.wfmc.org,1999.
[5] Workflow Management Coalition. The Workflow Reference Model. TC00-1003, www.wfmc.org, 1995.
[6] Patrick Rushe,Jeanne Stynes. Integrating Existing Enterprise Systems With Workflow. 17th Bled eCommerce Conference,eGlobal. Bled,Slovenia, http://aisel.aisnet.org/article_all.asp?Publication_ID=55, 2004
[7] Wil van der Aalst & Kees van Hee. 工作流管理——模型、方法和系统. 王建民, 闻立杰等译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004,1-233
[8] Simeon Petkov, Eyal Oren, Armin Haller. Aspects in Workflow Management. Technical Report DERI-TR-2005-04-10, Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), 2005:1-13
[9] zur Muehlen, R. Allen. Embedded vs. Autonomous Workflow-Putting paradigms into Perspective. Excellence in Practice. Innovation and Excellence in Workflow and Knowledge Management, 2000,4(4):49-58
[10] 李伟平 , 范玉顺 . 工作流技术在 ERP 系统中的应用 . 高技术通讯,2004,14(8):56-61
[11] Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Mathias Weske, Guido Wirtz. Advanced topics in workflow managemeng:issues,requirements and solutions. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, 2003,7 (3):49-77
[12] W. M. P. van der Aalst and A. H. M. ter Hofstede. YAWL: Yet another workflow language. Information Systems, 2005,30(4):245–275
[13] W.M.P. van der Aalst, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, B. Kiepuszewski,etal. Workflow Patterns. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 2003,14(3):5-51
[14] W.M.P. van der Aalst1, A.P. Barros , A.H.M. ter Hofstede,etal. Advanced Workow Patterns. In:Etzion O, Scheuermann P, eds. Proc. of the 7th Int’l Conf. onCooperative Information Systems. London: Springer-Verlag, 2000,18?29
[15] Schahram Dustdar, Christoph Bussler. A Multi-Meta-Model Process Execution Environment. Masters Thesis, Vienna University of Technology. Vienna, Austria, 2005-4-27
[16] David Hollingsworth. The Workflow Reference Model 10 Years On. Workflow Handbook, 2004:295-312
[17] R.Tagg etal. Preliminary Design of a Lightweight Workflow Server. In:8th Australasian Conf on Information Systems. Australia:Acis,1997,1-10
[18] Gregory Alan Bolcer,Richard N. Taylor. Advanced Workflow Management Technologies. In:Tech Report. University of California:Irvine, 2002,1-15
[19] Workflow Management Coalition. Interface 1: Process Definition Interchange Process Model. TC-1016-P, www.wfmc.org, 1999
[20] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Process Definition Interface--XML Process Definition Language. WFMC-TC-1025, www.wfmc.org, 2001
[21] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Application Programming Interface (Interface 2&3) Specification. WFMC-TC-1009, www.wfmc.org, 1998
[22] 赵 文 , 胡 文 蕙 , 张 世 琨 等 . 工 作 流 元 模 型 的 研 究 与 应 用 . 软 件 学 报 , 2003,14(6):1053-1059
[23] B. Kiepuszewski, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, W.M.P. van der Aalst. Fundamentals of Control Flow in Workflows. QUT Technical report, FIT-TR-2002-03, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, http://www.tm.tue.nl/it/research/patterns, 2002
[24] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Workflow Verification: Finding Control-Flow Errors Using Petri-Net-Based Techniques. Proceedings of the Business Process Management, LNCS 1806, Springer-Verlag, 2000:161-183
[25] Hemant Kumar Meena, Indradeep Saha, Koushik Kumar Mondal. An Approach to Workflow Modeling and Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2005 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclispe Technology eXchange. San Diego, California, USA: OOPSLA, 2005, 85-89
[26] 胡长城. 工作流引擎核心调度算法与 PetriNet,http://blog.csdn.net/james999, 2005
[27] T Murata. Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989,77(4):541-580
[28] Jonathan Billington. High-level Petri Nets - Concepts, Definitions and Graphical Notation. Committee Draft ISO/IEC 15909, 1997:6-30
[29] W.M.P. van der Aalst. The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management. Journal of Circuits, System and Computers, 1998,8(1):21-66
[30] [ 美 ]James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch. UML 参 考 手 册 . UMLChina 译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2005,27-57
[31] 邹东涛, 杜嘉伟 郑煜等. 哈佛模式项目管理. 北京: 人民日报出版社线装书局, 2001,69-85
[32] Martin Fowler. Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern. http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html, 2004.
[33] Martin Fowler. Reducing Coupling. IEEE Software. 2001.18(4):102-104
[34] 方俊, 谢冬青. 按需构造的工作流系统组织模型. 计算技术与自动化 . 2007,26(2):65—68
[35] Robert C Martin. The Dependency Inversion Principle. The Report C++, 1997:1-12
[36] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides. 设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础. 李英军等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社,2005,10-200
[37] 甑镭. NET 与设计模式. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005,65-97
[38] Microsoft. MSDN. http://msdn.microsoft.com, 2005
[39] [美]Jeffrey Richter. 框架设计(第二版):CLR Via C#. 周靖, 张杰良译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2006,3-300
[40] N. Russell, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, D. Edmond, W.M.P van der Aalst. Workflow resource patterns. In: BETA Working Paper Series, WP 127. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, 2004,1-73
[41] Nick Russell, Arthur H.M. ter Hofstede, David Edmond, Wil M.P. van der Aalst. Workflow data patterns. In: QUT Technical report, FIT-TR-2004-01. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, 2004,1-50
[42] A. P. Sheth, W. M. P. van der Aalst, and I. B. Arpinar. Processes driving the networked econony. IEEE Concurrency, 1999,7(3):18-31.
[43] 李慧芳, 范玉顺. 工作流系统时间管理. 软件学报, 2002,13(8):1552-1558
[44] 周建涛, 史美林, 叶新铭. 一种基于 Petri 网化简的工作流过程语义验证方法. 软件学报, 2005,16(7):1242-1250
[45] 王东,任午令,何志均. 基于 Agent 的工作流模型与应用. 计算机应用研究, 2000,l7(1):21-22
[46] 张 晓 刚 , 李 明 树 . 基 于 工 作 流 的 知 识 流 建 模 与 控 制 . 软 件 学 报 , 2005,16(2):184-193
[47] 郝克刚, 王斌君, 安贵. WPDL 中的 JOIN 语义问题和分区解决方案. 计算机科学, 2003,30(7):122-125
[48] 朱景, 李宗斌, 高新勤. 基于多色集合的工作流建模及路径求取算法. 西安交通大学学报, 2006,40(3):348-352
[49] Eyal Oren,Armin Haller. Formal frameworks for workflow modeling. DERI Technical Report. 2005-04-07
[2] 范玉顺. 工作流管理技术基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社 施普林格出版社, 2001,28-192.
[3] 罗海滨, 范玉顺, 吴澄. 工作流技术综述. 软件学报, 2000,11(7):899-907
[4] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Coalition Terminology & Glossary. WFMC-TC-1011, www.wfmc.org,1999.
[5] Workflow Management Coalition. The Workflow Reference Model. TC00-1003, www.wfmc.org, 1995.
[6] Patrick Rushe,Jeanne Stynes. Integrating Existing Enterprise Systems With Workflow. 17th Bled eCommerce Conference,eGlobal. Bled,Slovenia, http://aisel.aisnet.org/article_all.asp?Publication_ID=55, 2004
[7] Wil van der Aalst & Kees van Hee. 工作流管理——模型、方法和系统. 王建民, 闻立杰等译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004,1-233
[8] Simeon Petkov, Eyal Oren, Armin Haller. Aspects in Workflow Management. Technical Report DERI-TR-2005-04-10, Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), 2005:1-13
[9] zur Muehlen, R. Allen. Embedded vs. Autonomous Workflow-Putting paradigms into Perspective. Excellence in Practice. Innovation and Excellence in Workflow and Knowledge Management, 2000,4(4):49-58
[10] 李伟平 , 范玉顺 . 工作流技术在 ERP 系统中的应用 . 高技术通讯,2004,14(8):56-61
[11] Wil M.P. van der Aalst, Mathias Weske, Guido Wirtz. Advanced topics in workflow managemeng:issues,requirements and solutions. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, 2003,7 (3):49-77
[12] W. M. P. van der Aalst and A. H. M. ter Hofstede. YAWL: Yet another workflow language. Information Systems, 2005,30(4):245–275
[13] W.M.P. van der Aalst, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, B. Kiepuszewski,etal. Workflow Patterns. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 2003,14(3):5-51
[14] W.M.P. van der Aalst1, A.P. Barros , A.H.M. ter Hofstede,etal. Advanced Workow Patterns. In:Etzion O, Scheuermann P, eds. Proc. of the 7th Int’l Conf. onCooperative Information Systems. London: Springer-Verlag, 2000,18?29
[15] Schahram Dustdar, Christoph Bussler. A Multi-Meta-Model Process Execution Environment. Masters Thesis, Vienna University of Technology. Vienna, Austria, 2005-4-27
[16] David Hollingsworth. The Workflow Reference Model 10 Years On. Workflow Handbook, 2004:295-312
[17] R.Tagg etal. Preliminary Design of a Lightweight Workflow Server. In:8th Australasian Conf on Information Systems. Australia:Acis,1997,1-10
[18] Gregory Alan Bolcer,Richard N. Taylor. Advanced Workflow Management Technologies. In:Tech Report. University of California:Irvine, 2002,1-15
[19] Workflow Management Coalition. Interface 1: Process Definition Interchange Process Model. TC-1016-P, www.wfmc.org, 1999
[20] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Process Definition Interface--XML Process Definition Language. WFMC-TC-1025, www.wfmc.org, 2001
[21] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Application Programming Interface (Interface 2&3) Specification. WFMC-TC-1009, www.wfmc.org, 1998
[22] 赵 文 , 胡 文 蕙 , 张 世 琨 等 . 工 作 流 元 模 型 的 研 究 与 应 用 . 软 件 学 报 , 2003,14(6):1053-1059
[23] B. Kiepuszewski, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, W.M.P. van der Aalst. Fundamentals of Control Flow in Workflows. QUT Technical report, FIT-TR-2002-03, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, http://www.tm.tue.nl/it/research/patterns, 2002
[24] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Workflow Verification: Finding Control-Flow Errors Using Petri-Net-Based Techniques. Proceedings of the Business Process Management, LNCS 1806, Springer-Verlag, 2000:161-183
[25] Hemant Kumar Meena, Indradeep Saha, Koushik Kumar Mondal. An Approach to Workflow Modeling and Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2005 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclispe Technology eXchange. San Diego, California, USA: OOPSLA, 2005, 85-89
[26] 胡长城. 工作流引擎核心调度算法与 PetriNet,http://blog.csdn.net/james999, 2005
[27] T Murata. Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989,77(4):541-580
[28] Jonathan Billington. High-level Petri Nets - Concepts, Definitions and Graphical Notation. Committee Draft ISO/IEC 15909, 1997:6-30
[29] W.M.P. van der Aalst. The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management. Journal of Circuits, System and Computers, 1998,8(1):21-66
[30] [ 美 ]James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch. UML 参 考 手 册 . UMLChina 译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2005,27-57
[31] 邹东涛, 杜嘉伟 郑煜等. 哈佛模式项目管理. 北京: 人民日报出版社线装书局, 2001,69-85
[32] Martin Fowler. Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern. http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html, 2004.
[33] Martin Fowler. Reducing Coupling. IEEE Software. 2001.18(4):102-104
[34] 方俊, 谢冬青. 按需构造的工作流系统组织模型. 计算技术与自动化 . 2007,26(2):65—68
[35] Robert C Martin. The Dependency Inversion Principle. The Report C++, 1997:1-12
[36] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides. 设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础. 李英军等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社,2005,10-200
[37] 甑镭. NET 与设计模式. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005,65-97
[38] Microsoft. MSDN. http://msdn.microsoft.com, 2005
[39] [美]Jeffrey Richter. 框架设计(第二版):CLR Via C#. 周靖, 张杰良译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2006,3-300
[40] N. Russell, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, D. Edmond, W.M.P van der Aalst. Workflow resource patterns. In: BETA Working Paper Series, WP 127. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology, 2004,1-73
[41] Nick Russell, Arthur H.M. ter Hofstede, David Edmond, Wil M.P. van der Aalst. Workflow data patterns. In: QUT Technical report, FIT-TR-2004-01. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, 2004,1-50
[42] A. P. Sheth, W. M. P. van der Aalst, and I. B. Arpinar. Processes driving the networked econony. IEEE Concurrency, 1999,7(3):18-31.
[43] 李慧芳, 范玉顺. 工作流系统时间管理. 软件学报, 2002,13(8):1552-1558
[44] 周建涛, 史美林, 叶新铭. 一种基于 Petri 网化简的工作流过程语义验证方法. 软件学报, 2005,16(7):1242-1250
[45] 王东,任午令,何志均. 基于 Agent 的工作流模型与应用. 计算机应用研究, 2000,l7(1):21-22
[46] 张 晓 刚 , 李 明 树 . 基 于 工 作 流 的 知 识 流 建 模 与 控 制 . 软 件 学 报 , 2005,16(2):184-193
[47] 郝克刚, 王斌君, 安贵. WPDL 中的 JOIN 语义问题和分区解决方案. 计算机科学, 2003,30(7):122-125
[48] 朱景, 李宗斌, 高新勤. 基于多色集合的工作流建模及路径求取算法. 西安交通大学学报, 2006,40(3):348-352
[49] Eyal Oren,Armin Haller. Formal frameworks for workflow modeling. DERI Technical Report. 2005-04-07