高压输电线路无线电干扰精确测量系统设计
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摘要
近年来,随着电网容量的增加和电压等级的提高,高压输电线路对环境的电磁影响越来越引起人们的重视。最近国内许多地方在做高压输电线路电磁辐射环境影响评价时,都发现有由于背景电磁噪声的影响,无线电干扰超过国家标准的现象。这是因为在某一频率测量时,背景噪声中存在同频信号的干扰。但是这种干扰与被测设备电磁辐射的频率相同,测量接收机很难识别。在这种情况下,利用现有的测量设备和技术就无法准确衡量被测高压输电线路电磁辐射的情况,给电磁辐射环境影响的评价和管理带来了很大的困难。
本文结合具体的项目“国家公益性行业科研专项：环境影响评价中电磁环境精确测量技术与精确预测系统的研究”,对高压输电线路无线电干扰的精确测量进行了深入的研究,在分析了模拟双通道接收机优缺点的基础上,提出模拟双通道接收机数字化的设计方案,并完成了无线电干扰精确测量系统的总体设计和软件设计。
在利用数字化的双通道接收机进行无线电干扰测量时,由于两个通道即两台测量接收机不在同一位置,因此对两个通道数据采集严格同步提出了很高的要求。在本项目中选用ADI公司的可利用GPS信号进行时钟同步的芯片AD9548,为两个通道提供同频同相的本振时钟信号和采样时钟信号,以保证两个通道能同步进行数据采集。在利用无线通信技术进行数据传输方面,经分析和比较选用了ZigBee无线通信模块。
对于虚拟仪器而言,软件是系统设计的关键,在基本硬件确定以后,就可以通过设计不同的软件实现不同的仪器功能。本文在分析了高压输电线路无线电干扰自动化测试实际需求的基础上,在LabVIEW平台上开发了一套测控系统软件,实现了数据采集、数据存储和数据融合处理等功能模块,并结合Access数据库技术,实现了对测量数据的数据库管理。
In recent years, with the increase of power capacity and voltage level, the electromagnetic effects on the environment of high voltage transmission line have been paid more and more attention. Recently, we have found that the phenomenon of radio interference exceeding the national standard is very prevalent, when we assessed environmental impact of electromagnetic radiation by the high-voltage transmission lines. And we have found the phenomenon mentioned above is because of the same frequency signal interference in the background noise present at a certain frequency measurement. However the frequency of interference is the same with the frequency of electromagnetic radiation of the measured equipment, so the same frequency signal interference could hardly be identified by measuring receiver. In this case, we can not accurately measure electromagnetic radiation of the high voltage transmission line by using the existing measurement devices. So assessing the impact of electromagnetic radiation to the environmental is very difficult.
In this paper, the research on the accurate measurement system for radio interference of high voltage transmission line is carried out deeply. And the specific project is "national public service sectors of scientific research projects:Research on the technology of accurate measurement and the system of precise prediction of electromagnetic environment impact assessment". The analog dual-channel receiver is analyzed, and then the digital design of the analog dual-channel receiver is proposed. Finally, the design of software system of radio interference measurement is completed.
When we use the digital dual-channel receiver to measure radio interference, the data acquisition of the two channels should be strictly synchronous, because the two receivers are not in the same position. In this paper, AD9548 produced by ADI is used for providing clock signal and sampling signal with the same frequency and phase via the GPS signal, so that the two receivers can start the data acquisition synchronously. And the wireless communication module based on ZigBee is used for data transmission.
The software system is the key part of the virtual instrument. After the hardware system is determined the future, we can design the software system to realize various function of the virtual instrument. In this paper, a set of software for measurement based on Lab VIEW is designed, which includes data collection module, data storage module and data fusion module. And the software system can manage the measurement data via the technology of Access database.
本文结合具体的项目“国家公益性行业科研专项：环境影响评价中电磁环境精确测量技术与精确预测系统的研究”,对高压输电线路无线电干扰的精确测量进行了深入的研究,在分析了模拟双通道接收机优缺点的基础上,提出模拟双通道接收机数字化的设计方案,并完成了无线电干扰精确测量系统的总体设计和软件设计。
在利用数字化的双通道接收机进行无线电干扰测量时,由于两个通道即两台测量接收机不在同一位置,因此对两个通道数据采集严格同步提出了很高的要求。在本项目中选用ADI公司的可利用GPS信号进行时钟同步的芯片AD9548,为两个通道提供同频同相的本振时钟信号和采样时钟信号,以保证两个通道能同步进行数据采集。在利用无线通信技术进行数据传输方面,经分析和比较选用了ZigBee无线通信模块。
对于虚拟仪器而言,软件是系统设计的关键,在基本硬件确定以后,就可以通过设计不同的软件实现不同的仪器功能。本文在分析了高压输电线路无线电干扰自动化测试实际需求的基础上,在LabVIEW平台上开发了一套测控系统软件,实现了数据采集、数据存储和数据融合处理等功能模块,并结合Access数据库技术,实现了对测量数据的数据库管理。
In recent years, with the increase of power capacity and voltage level, the electromagnetic effects on the environment of high voltage transmission line have been paid more and more attention. Recently, we have found that the phenomenon of radio interference exceeding the national standard is very prevalent, when we assessed environmental impact of electromagnetic radiation by the high-voltage transmission lines. And we have found the phenomenon mentioned above is because of the same frequency signal interference in the background noise present at a certain frequency measurement. However the frequency of interference is the same with the frequency of electromagnetic radiation of the measured equipment, so the same frequency signal interference could hardly be identified by measuring receiver. In this case, we can not accurately measure electromagnetic radiation of the high voltage transmission line by using the existing measurement devices. So assessing the impact of electromagnetic radiation to the environmental is very difficult.
In this paper, the research on the accurate measurement system for radio interference of high voltage transmission line is carried out deeply. And the specific project is "national public service sectors of scientific research projects:Research on the technology of accurate measurement and the system of precise prediction of electromagnetic environment impact assessment". The analog dual-channel receiver is analyzed, and then the digital design of the analog dual-channel receiver is proposed. Finally, the design of software system of radio interference measurement is completed.
When we use the digital dual-channel receiver to measure radio interference, the data acquisition of the two channels should be strictly synchronous, because the two receivers are not in the same position. In this paper, AD9548 produced by ADI is used for providing clock signal and sampling signal with the same frequency and phase via the GPS signal, so that the two receivers can start the data acquisition synchronously. And the wireless communication module based on ZigBee is used for data transmission.
The software system is the key part of the virtual instrument. After the hardware system is determined the future, we can design the software system to realize various function of the virtual instrument. In this paper, a set of software for measurement based on Lab VIEW is designed, which includes data collection module, data storage module and data fusion module. And the software system can manage the measurement data via the technology of Access database.
引文
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[2]朱林.高压输变电工程的电磁辐射及环境影响评价[J].电力环境保护,2000,16(1)45-48
[3]Marino, Jr., Michael A. System and method for measuring RF radiated emissions in the presence of strong ambient signals [P]. US Patent,6980611.2000-02-03
[4]CASSPER虚拟暗室测试系统[z].加拿大：容向系统科技有限公司,2006
[5]胡白雪.超高压及特高压输电线路的电磁环境研究[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[6]Widrow, B., et al. Adaptive noise cancelling:Principles and applications [J]. Proc. IEEE 1975,63:1692-1716
[7]Winrow B., Steans S. D.自适应信号处理[M].王永德,龙宪惠译.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[8]程君佳.虚拟暗室测试平台总体设计与算法研究[D].[硕士学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2007
[9]钱卫华.高线性大动态范围通用接收机研究与实现[D].[顾士学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2003
[10]Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-21992 Data Sheet Rev A [EB].2007. http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21992.pdf
[11]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[12]陈子,许枫.GPS时钟同步在水下定位系统中的应用[J].微计算机应用,2008,29(8)86-89
[13]郜洪亮,刘遵义.基于GPS和FPGA的便携式高精度同步时钟的研制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(2)：80-82
[14]詹庆才,聂晓波,曹笃峰.基于GPS的同步采集装置的研究与设计[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(9)：36-38
[15]Analog Devices, Inc. AD9548 Data Sheet Rev A [EB].2010. http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/datasheets/AD9548.pdf
[16]Patrick Wiers. N×N MIMO基站与外部时序参考同步[J].今日电子,2010,(7)：34-36
[17]张承学,龚庆武,胡志坚等.基于GPS同步采样装置的研制及其应用[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(10)：49-52
[18]徐皑冬,曾鹏.现有无线通信技术与工业无线通信需求分析[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2007,(2)：24-25
[19]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee Specification (ZigBee Document 053474r13) [EB].2006. http://www.medialab.ch/labor/cc2430/Z-Stack/054024r01ZB_AFG-ZigBee-Specification-20 06-Download.pdf
[20]王锐华,于全.浅析ZigBee技术[J].电视技术,2004, (6)：33-35
[21]杨乐平,李海涛,肖凯等.虚拟仪器技术概论[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[22]侯国屏,王坤,叶齐鑫.LabVIEW7.1编程与虚拟仪器设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[23]戴鹏匕,下胜开,王格芳等.测试工程与LabVIEW应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[24]曹玲芝,崔光照,吴刚.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M].北京：北京航空航大大学出版社,2004
[25]陈淑凤,马蔚宇,马晓庆.电磁兼容试验技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[26]杨松涛.分布式桥梁健康监测数据采集传输系统及其关键技术研究[D].[硕十学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2008
[27]宋鸣.嵌入式网络微处理器MAC层CRC32编解码器设计[D].[工程硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007
[28]李晓珍,苏建峰.循环兀余校验CRC算法分析及实现[J].中国科技信息,2010,(13)：100-101
[29]杨梅娟,尹德春.CRC算法的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,34(2)：30-31
[30]陈金平,吴文英.基于LabVIEW的Modbus协议两种校验码的实现方法[J].仪表技术,2005,(2)：42-43
[31]MODICON, Inc. Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide [EB].1996. http://www.modbustools.com/PI_MBUS_300.pdf
[32]肖冬萍,何为,谢鹏举等.高压输电线路电晕放电特性及其电磁辐射场计算[J].电网技术,2007,31(21)：52-55
[33]滕召胜,罗隆福,童调生.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[34]陈坚红,李蔚,盛仁德等.一种火电机组在线性能计算中的数据融合方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5)：152-156
[35]丁国成,李伟,王刘芳等.基于数据融合电晕放电紫外计数值的数据处理[J].高压电器,2009,45(5)：28-30
[36]黄德祥,曹建.数据融合技术在电力设备在线监测系统数字滤波中的应用[J].电网技术,2004,28(21)：31-33
[37]王晓宏.数据融合技术及其在电器试验数据采集中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2004,20(1)：46-47
[38]樊琦.基于LabVIEW的温室环境智能测控系统软件设计实现[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[39]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇等.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[40]林静,林振宇,郑福仁.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010
[2]朱林.高压输变电工程的电磁辐射及环境影响评价[J].电力环境保护,2000,16(1)45-48
[3]Marino, Jr., Michael A. System and method for measuring RF radiated emissions in the presence of strong ambient signals [P]. US Patent,6980611.2000-02-03
[4]CASSPER虚拟暗室测试系统[z].加拿大：容向系统科技有限公司,2006
[5]胡白雪.超高压及特高压输电线路的电磁环境研究[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[6]Widrow, B., et al. Adaptive noise cancelling:Principles and applications [J]. Proc. IEEE 1975,63:1692-1716
[7]Winrow B., Steans S. D.自适应信号处理[M].王永德,龙宪惠译.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[8]程君佳.虚拟暗室测试平台总体设计与算法研究[D].[硕士学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2007
[9]钱卫华.高线性大动态范围通用接收机研究与实现[D].[顾士学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2003
[10]Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-21992 Data Sheet Rev A [EB].2007. http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21992.pdf
[11]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[12]陈子,许枫.GPS时钟同步在水下定位系统中的应用[J].微计算机应用,2008,29(8)86-89
[13]郜洪亮,刘遵义.基于GPS和FPGA的便携式高精度同步时钟的研制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(2)：80-82
[14]詹庆才,聂晓波,曹笃峰.基于GPS的同步采集装置的研究与设计[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(9)：36-38
[15]Analog Devices, Inc. AD9548 Data Sheet Rev A [EB].2010. http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/datasheets/AD9548.pdf
[16]Patrick Wiers. N×N MIMO基站与外部时序参考同步[J].今日电子,2010,(7)：34-36
[17]张承学,龚庆武,胡志坚等.基于GPS同步采样装置的研制及其应用[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(10)：49-52
[18]徐皑冬,曾鹏.现有无线通信技术与工业无线通信需求分析[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2007,(2)：24-25
[19]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee Specification (ZigBee Document 053474r13) [EB].2006. http://www.medialab.ch/labor/cc2430/Z-Stack/054024r01ZB_AFG-ZigBee-Specification-20 06-Download.pdf
[20]王锐华,于全.浅析ZigBee技术[J].电视技术,2004, (6)：33-35
[21]杨乐平,李海涛,肖凯等.虚拟仪器技术概论[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[22]侯国屏,王坤,叶齐鑫.LabVIEW7.1编程与虚拟仪器设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[23]戴鹏匕,下胜开,王格芳等.测试工程与LabVIEW应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[24]曹玲芝,崔光照,吴刚.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M].北京：北京航空航大大学出版社,2004
[25]陈淑凤,马蔚宇,马晓庆.电磁兼容试验技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[26]杨松涛.分布式桥梁健康监测数据采集传输系统及其关键技术研究[D].[硕十学位论文].成都：电子科技大学,2008
[27]宋鸣.嵌入式网络微处理器MAC层CRC32编解码器设计[D].[工程硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007
[28]李晓珍,苏建峰.循环兀余校验CRC算法分析及实现[J].中国科技信息,2010,(13)：100-101
[29]杨梅娟,尹德春.CRC算法的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,34(2)：30-31
[30]陈金平,吴文英.基于LabVIEW的Modbus协议两种校验码的实现方法[J].仪表技术,2005,(2)：42-43
[31]MODICON, Inc. Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide [EB].1996. http://www.modbustools.com/PI_MBUS_300.pdf
[32]肖冬萍,何为,谢鹏举等.高压输电线路电晕放电特性及其电磁辐射场计算[J].电网技术,2007,31(21)：52-55
[33]滕召胜,罗隆福,童调生.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[34]陈坚红,李蔚,盛仁德等.一种火电机组在线性能计算中的数据融合方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5)：152-156
[35]丁国成,李伟,王刘芳等.基于数据融合电晕放电紫外计数值的数据处理[J].高压电器,2009,45(5)：28-30
[36]黄德祥,曹建.数据融合技术在电力设备在线监测系统数字滤波中的应用[J].电网技术,2004,28(21)：31-33
[37]王晓宏.数据融合技术及其在电器试验数据采集中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2004,20(1)：46-47
[38]樊琦.基于LabVIEW的温室环境智能测控系统软件设计实现[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[39]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇等.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[40]林静,林振宇,郑福仁.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计从入门到精通[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010