海上钻屑脉冲热驱脱油技术的过程评价与脉冲管洗涤器研究
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摘要
本文针对海上钻屑处理的特殊性，提出了海上钻屑脉冲热驱脱油技术。其总体方案为：以轻质溶剂稀释和清洗岩屑，再将重质油(油基泥浆)与轻质溶剂分离，重质油可汇入振动筛下钻井液，溶剂循环使用。岩屑中所含轻质溶剂以高温干燥方式驱除，使岩屑中不含油与溶剂，可抛海处理，干燥出来的溶剂循环使用。该方法可在钻井平台的限定范围内安全进行，并达到环保排放标准，且经济效益显著。
利用HYSYS化工流程模拟软件对提出的多个可行工艺方案进行了模拟计算，对海上钻屑脉冲热驱脱油技术中各工艺设备的物流与热力学参数进行了评价。从工艺的可实施性、耗能及技术性能指标情况综合考虑，确定了最佳工艺流程方案。最终流程方案中，整个工艺过程的能耗为300kW／h，溶剂消耗量为12kg／h。
针对钻屑洗涤工艺过程，开发了新型混合洗涤设备—脉冲管洗涤器，并用Fluent6.2提供的欧拉多相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型对其进行了液固两相湍流流场的数值模拟。分析了脉冲管洗涤器内的流场和颗粒的运动情况。并对其性能进行了实验测试。结果表明：脉冲管洗涤器特殊的结构设计，增强了管内流体的湍动，增加了颗粒的停留时间，从而提高了混合沈涤的效果。
对精馏过程进行了实验测试。测试结果表明：岩屑洗涤后的溶剂跟油基泥浆混合液可以顺利通过精馏过程分离。对精馏分离前后的油基泥浆和溶剂的色谱分析测试结果表明处理前后油基泥浆的成分基本没有变化，可以返回钻井过程循环使用；溶剂也可循环利用。
经国家海洋局北海监测分局的检验结果表明：由实验得到的样品中钻屑中的含油量降至0.12％(重量百分比)，生物毒性检验达标。目前国际上规定的钻屑可排海的最低含油量指标为1％。
Drilling cuttings was rock powder that was destroyed during the process of artesian well drilling and lifted to ground from underground across drilling mud circulation. Offshore drilling cuttings including oil have a great effect on ocean environment. Accordingly, treatment of offshore drilling cuttings was regarded as an international difficult problem that need to be solved as quick as possible.
The author advanced technology of using impulse heat lustrate removing oil from offshore drilling cuttings according to particularity of treatment of offshore drilling cuttings. The scheme is first abstersion drilling cuttings use solvent, then drilling mud and solvent was separated by distillation. Drilling mud recycled into artesian well process and solvent circulated. Solvent included in drilling cuttings was lustrated by calefaction so that drilling cuttings can be directly threw into sea. Solvent gained by calefaction was circulated. The technology can be used on flat roof of offshore artesian well and drilling cuttings can be disposed according with environmental protection standard. The technology had prominent economy benefit.
Simulation and evaluation of multi-feasible scheme were done by HYSYS software. Detailed data were obtained such as material stream, temperature, pressure, etc. Based on technics realizable, energy consume, technology performance, the author confirmed the most optimize technics flow. Energy consume of the most optimize technics flow is 280kw, solvent consume is 12kg/h.
According with flow characteristic, the author designed a new type mixture abstersion equipment, which is called impulse pipe syringe. The experiment and simulation of flow field of impulse pipe syringe were carried out. The results showed that configuration design of impulse pipe syringe made turbulence intensity stronger and made residual time of particle longer, so mixture abstersion effect was better.
The experiment tests were made on separation of distillation. The experiment results of distillation showed that mixture could be separated easily. The Chromatogram test results of mixture of drilling mud and solvent that was disposed showed that drilling mud components have not almost changed and can be recycled. Solvent which obtained through distillation can be circulated.
The analyzed results of North china sea branch of the state oceanic administration indicated that the amount of oil in drilling cutting of the experiment sample using technology of using impulse heat lustrate remove oil from offshore drilling cuttings could fall to≤0.12% and biological toxicity detection according with release criterion of government and region. At present the lowest amount of oil in drilling cuttings that can be released into sea at international laws is 1%.
利用HYSYS化工流程模拟软件对提出的多个可行工艺方案进行了模拟计算，对海上钻屑脉冲热驱脱油技术中各工艺设备的物流与热力学参数进行了评价。从工艺的可实施性、耗能及技术性能指标情况综合考虑，确定了最佳工艺流程方案。最终流程方案中，整个工艺过程的能耗为300kW／h，溶剂消耗量为12kg／h。
针对钻屑洗涤工艺过程，开发了新型混合洗涤设备—脉冲管洗涤器，并用Fluent6.2提供的欧拉多相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型对其进行了液固两相湍流流场的数值模拟。分析了脉冲管洗涤器内的流场和颗粒的运动情况。并对其性能进行了实验测试。结果表明：脉冲管洗涤器特殊的结构设计，增强了管内流体的湍动，增加了颗粒的停留时间，从而提高了混合沈涤的效果。
对精馏过程进行了实验测试。测试结果表明：岩屑洗涤后的溶剂跟油基泥浆混合液可以顺利通过精馏过程分离。对精馏分离前后的油基泥浆和溶剂的色谱分析测试结果表明处理前后油基泥浆的成分基本没有变化，可以返回钻井过程循环使用；溶剂也可循环利用。
经国家海洋局北海监测分局的检验结果表明：由实验得到的样品中钻屑中的含油量降至0.12％(重量百分比)，生物毒性检验达标。目前国际上规定的钻屑可排海的最低含油量指标为1％。
Drilling cuttings was rock powder that was destroyed during the process of artesian well drilling and lifted to ground from underground across drilling mud circulation. Offshore drilling cuttings including oil have a great effect on ocean environment. Accordingly, treatment of offshore drilling cuttings was regarded as an international difficult problem that need to be solved as quick as possible.
The author advanced technology of using impulse heat lustrate removing oil from offshore drilling cuttings according to particularity of treatment of offshore drilling cuttings. The scheme is first abstersion drilling cuttings use solvent, then drilling mud and solvent was separated by distillation. Drilling mud recycled into artesian well process and solvent circulated. Solvent included in drilling cuttings was lustrated by calefaction so that drilling cuttings can be directly threw into sea. Solvent gained by calefaction was circulated. The technology can be used on flat roof of offshore artesian well and drilling cuttings can be disposed according with environmental protection standard. The technology had prominent economy benefit.
Simulation and evaluation of multi-feasible scheme were done by HYSYS software. Detailed data were obtained such as material stream, temperature, pressure, etc. Based on technics realizable, energy consume, technology performance, the author confirmed the most optimize technics flow. Energy consume of the most optimize technics flow is 280kw, solvent consume is 12kg/h.
According with flow characteristic, the author designed a new type mixture abstersion equipment, which is called impulse pipe syringe. The experiment and simulation of flow field of impulse pipe syringe were carried out. The results showed that configuration design of impulse pipe syringe made turbulence intensity stronger and made residual time of particle longer, so mixture abstersion effect was better.
The experiment tests were made on separation of distillation. The experiment results of distillation showed that mixture could be separated easily. The Chromatogram test results of mixture of drilling mud and solvent that was disposed showed that drilling mud components have not almost changed and can be recycled. Solvent which obtained through distillation can be circulated.
The analyzed results of North china sea branch of the state oceanic administration indicated that the amount of oil in drilling cutting of the experiment sample using technology of using impulse heat lustrate remove oil from offshore drilling cuttings could fall to≤0.12% and biological toxicity detection according with release criterion of government and region. At present the lowest amount of oil in drilling cuttings that can be released into sea at international laws is 1%.
引文
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