高烈度地震区公路隧道抗震设防及减震措施的研究
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摘要
随着地下空间开发利用的快速发展,地下工程的抗震性能愈来愈受到关注,特别是2008年5月12日的汶川地震的发生,隧道结构的抗震、减震分析变得日益重要。目前地下结构还没有一种较为成熟的抗震设计方法,这使得地下结构抗震研究的重要性和紧迫性日益增加,地下结构抗震减震设计已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。
本论文简述了国内外有代表性的隧道震害实例和各国研究动向及震害研究主要方法、总结了震害特点和分类、简述了震害作用机理。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的反应谱分析方法,主要做了以下工作:
1.以浅埋隧道洞身段为例,建立了围岩—隧道结构的二维简化模型,对于多种情况下的围岩—隧道衬砌进行了地震响应分析,讨论了衬砌厚度、衬砌材料刚度、埋深等因素对衬砌结构地震反应的影响,并得到一些基本规律:
(1)在地下结构的地震响应分析中,隧道拱脚处易出现应力集中,变形也较大,最容易发生破坏。
(2)隧道的埋深对其动力响应的影响很大。在一定范围内,地下结构的埋深越大,其抗震性能越好。
(3)衬砌厚度对隧道结构的动力响应有较大的影响,随着衬砌厚度的增大,衬砌结构上部抗震性能得到改善,边墙中下部位随着隧道衬砌厚度的增加,应力增加,抗震性能下降。
(4)衬砌材料刚度的改变不影响隧道整体变形的固有规律,随着刚度增大,隧道结构承受地震荷载增大,产生位移减少。
2.以浅埋隧道洞身段为例,建立围岩-减震层-隧道结构的二维简化模型,进行了地震反应分析,对比分析了有无减震层隧道结构的地震反应,讨论了减震层厚度对衬砌结构在地震作用下的影响,并得出一些基本规律:
(1)减震层有将地震荷载向围岩内部传递的作用,设置减震层以后,衬砌结构的应力和相对位移明显减小。
(2)减震层的厚度对减震效果有一定的影响,厚度越大,效果越好。但在实际地下结构中,要考虑结构在静力作用下的受力和变形状态。
With the quickly development and utilization of underground space,anti-seismic performance of underground constructions is being payed more attention to,especially May 12,2008 earthquake happened in WenChuan,the anti-seismic analysis of tunnel become more important.At the present time it is a perfect method for the seismic design code of the subway(currently being developed) in our country that is not comprehensive yet,so the research of the seismic design of underground structure became more important and urgent.
In this paper,the summary of worldwide typical instances of tunnels behavior during earthquake and the research of developments & methods are briefly described,the characteristics regarding the tunnel damages during earthquake and classification are summed up,the damage mechanism of action from earthquake is described too.by the response spectrum analysis methods of finite element analysis software.The work as follow:
1.Taking a shallow-depth tunnel as an example,a two-dimension model of rock and tunnel lining construction systems is built up to study the interaction by the different lining thickness,different lining rigidity,different geologic conditions and different depth.Results of the analysis reflect that the seismic response of lining construction have the following properties.
(1) In response to the seismic response analysis,the arch springing of tunnel is easy to have a large stress and deformation,and damaged most easily.
(2) The depth of tunnel has a great influence to its dynamic interaction,In a certain scope,the depth of buried structure is larger;the seismic response is safer.
(3) The thickness of liner has a great influence to its dynamic interaction too.The liner of tunnel with a bigger thickness has better anti-seismic capability in the upper part of the structure.But the stress the lower of middle walls boundary augmented,and the anti-seismic ability are worsening.
(4) The change of liner rigidity has no influence to the low of tunnel's distortion. With the bigger rigidity and bigger earthquake load the displacement of tunnle is smaller.
2.Taking a shallow-depth tunnel as an example,a two-dimension model of rock & vibration absorption layer and tunnel lining construction systems is built up to study the mutual action principles of the liner.Analyzing and comparing the seismic response of lining construction with different vibration absorption layer thickness.Results of the analysis reflect that the seismic response of lining construction have the following disciplinarians when vibration absorption layer exist.
(1) The vibration absorption layer can deliver earthquake load to rock.It is smaller that the stress and relative displacement of strcture are with the vibration absorotion.
(2) The thickness of vibration absorption layer has influence to the liner's dynamic interaction.The bigger thickness is,the better effect is.And in the real underground structures the deflection and the action of statical load should be considered.
本论文简述了国内外有代表性的隧道震害实例和各国研究动向及震害研究主要方法、总结了震害特点和分类、简述了震害作用机理。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的反应谱分析方法,主要做了以下工作:
1.以浅埋隧道洞身段为例,建立了围岩—隧道结构的二维简化模型,对于多种情况下的围岩—隧道衬砌进行了地震响应分析,讨论了衬砌厚度、衬砌材料刚度、埋深等因素对衬砌结构地震反应的影响,并得到一些基本规律:
(1)在地下结构的地震响应分析中,隧道拱脚处易出现应力集中,变形也较大,最容易发生破坏。
(2)隧道的埋深对其动力响应的影响很大。在一定范围内,地下结构的埋深越大,其抗震性能越好。
(3)衬砌厚度对隧道结构的动力响应有较大的影响,随着衬砌厚度的增大,衬砌结构上部抗震性能得到改善,边墙中下部位随着隧道衬砌厚度的增加,应力增加,抗震性能下降。
(4)衬砌材料刚度的改变不影响隧道整体变形的固有规律,随着刚度增大,隧道结构承受地震荷载增大,产生位移减少。
2.以浅埋隧道洞身段为例,建立围岩-减震层-隧道结构的二维简化模型,进行了地震反应分析,对比分析了有无减震层隧道结构的地震反应,讨论了减震层厚度对衬砌结构在地震作用下的影响,并得出一些基本规律:
(1)减震层有将地震荷载向围岩内部传递的作用,设置减震层以后,衬砌结构的应力和相对位移明显减小。
(2)减震层的厚度对减震效果有一定的影响,厚度越大,效果越好。但在实际地下结构中,要考虑结构在静力作用下的受力和变形状态。
With the quickly development and utilization of underground space,anti-seismic performance of underground constructions is being payed more attention to,especially May 12,2008 earthquake happened in WenChuan,the anti-seismic analysis of tunnel become more important.At the present time it is a perfect method for the seismic design code of the subway(currently being developed) in our country that is not comprehensive yet,so the research of the seismic design of underground structure became more important and urgent.
In this paper,the summary of worldwide typical instances of tunnels behavior during earthquake and the research of developments & methods are briefly described,the characteristics regarding the tunnel damages during earthquake and classification are summed up,the damage mechanism of action from earthquake is described too.by the response spectrum analysis methods of finite element analysis software.The work as follow:
1.Taking a shallow-depth tunnel as an example,a two-dimension model of rock and tunnel lining construction systems is built up to study the interaction by the different lining thickness,different lining rigidity,different geologic conditions and different depth.Results of the analysis reflect that the seismic response of lining construction have the following properties.
(1) In response to the seismic response analysis,the arch springing of tunnel is easy to have a large stress and deformation,and damaged most easily.
(2) The depth of tunnel has a great influence to its dynamic interaction,In a certain scope,the depth of buried structure is larger;the seismic response is safer.
(3) The thickness of liner has a great influence to its dynamic interaction too.The liner of tunnel with a bigger thickness has better anti-seismic capability in the upper part of the structure.But the stress the lower of middle walls boundary augmented,and the anti-seismic ability are worsening.
(4) The change of liner rigidity has no influence to the low of tunnel's distortion. With the bigger rigidity and bigger earthquake load the displacement of tunnle is smaller.
2.Taking a shallow-depth tunnel as an example,a two-dimension model of rock & vibration absorption layer and tunnel lining construction systems is built up to study the mutual action principles of the liner.Analyzing and comparing the seismic response of lining construction with different vibration absorption layer thickness.Results of the analysis reflect that the seismic response of lining construction have the following disciplinarians when vibration absorption layer exist.
(1) The vibration absorption layer can deliver earthquake load to rock.It is smaller that the stress and relative displacement of strcture are with the vibration absorotion.
(2) The thickness of vibration absorption layer has influence to the liner's dynamic interaction.The bigger thickness is,the better effect is.And in the real underground structures the deflection and the action of statical load should be considered.
引文
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