太原晋阳大佛边坡岩体风化分级及地震稳定性评价研究
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摘要
太原晋阳大佛开凿于北齐年间,是迄今为止我国发现的最早的大型石刻佛像,具有极高的历史和文化价值。大佛在元末毁于战火,在1980年被重新发现时已是四肢残缺、破碎不堪。文物部门决定重修大佛,重整大佛及周边环境。这对于保护珍贵的历史文化遗产、发展当地的旅游经济具有十分积极的意义。本文以大佛修复工程为依托,从岩体风化分级、结构面对岩质边坡动力响应影响规律,岩质边坡地震稳定性分析方法三个方面开展了研究。
考虑石质文物评价对文物造型和岩体稳定性的双重要求,从岩体外部特征、岩体结构和岩体物理力学性质三方面出发建立了风化分级的指标体系,研究了岩石物理力学指标和风化风等级之间的关系,并建立了风化等级的分级标准,将层次分析法与模糊数学理论结合起来对于大佛胸部及腹部岩体的风化程度进行了评判,结果表明大佛腹部岩体存在着严重的差异风化。
采用数值分析软件UDEC,比较系统地研究了岩体结构面对岩质边坡地震响应的影响,包括岩体阻尼、结构面刚度变化的地震动效应、结构面产状(与坡面相交以及与坡面平行)、发育位置和密度以及卸荷裂带深度对边坡岩体地震动响应的影响,揭示了一系列有价值的规律。
提出了两种不同意义上的边坡动力稳定性概念:一是对于确定的地震荷载作用,边坡的动力稳定性安全储备有多大;二是对于确定的边坡状况,多大的地震作用会使边坡发生动力破坏。
分别应用动力时程法与拟静力法对大佛边坡关键块体进行了地震稳定性分析。比较两种计算结果发现,相对于动力时程分析法分析结果而言,拟静力法计算结果偏于危险,但两种方法所求出的边坡破坏临界加速度基本一致。在此基础上,论文提出一种动力时程法与拟静力法相结合评价岩质边坡地震稳定性的方法。大佛边坡地震稳定性计算结果表明:单独在峰值加速度为200cm/s2的地震荷载作用下,大佛陡崖岩体不会发生顺岩层的滑动破坏;但在裂隙水压力和水平地震力联合作用下,大佛陡崖不能保持稳定。
Jinyang Grand Buddha in Taiyuan, built in Beiqi Dynasty, is the earliest large stone statue found by far in our country and has significant value in history and culture. It was destroyed due to the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty. When it was found again in 1980, the Buddha is only a headless and fragmented body. Now, the cultural-relic department determines to repair the Buddha and recondition its vicinity. This will be beneficial not only to the protection of rare cultural-relics but also to the development of local tourism-economy. Based on the repair project of the Buddha,, the classification of weathered rock mass, the influence of structure faces on the earthquake motion in a rock slope are studied in this thesis. Furthermore, some new conceptions and methods on the seismic stability of rock slope are also put forward in this paper.
Considering the dual requirement of cultural relic for appearance and stability, the index system for weathering degree evaluation of rock mass is proposed based on the external characteristic, the rock structure and the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass. The relationship between weathering grades and the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass is studied and the evaluation standard was put forward according to the relationship. Furthermore, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory were applied to evaluate the weathering grade of rock mass of Buddha in accordance to the evaluation standard. The analytic results indicate the rock mass of Buddha is differently weathered.
The numerical simulation with software UDEC for the influence of structure faces on the earthquake motion of rock slopes are carried out systematically in this paper. The influences of the variations in the factors such as the damp ratio of rock mass, the stiffness, positions, occurrence(insert with the slope and parallel with the slope) of structure faces, and unloading depth on the earthquake motion in a rock slope were summarized by the numerical simulation results. Based on the conclusion mentioned above, some valuable laws are developed.
Two different concepts of dynamic stability of slope were proposed. The first is used to describe the stability of slope under the constant seismic load; The second is used to describe the seismic load that the slope can sustain.
Dynamic time-history method and quasi-static method were used to analyze the stability of key blocks on Buddha slope respectively. By comparing the results of the two different methods, It is found that quasi-static method overestimate the stability of slope, but the critical acceleration calculated by the two methods is not far off. Thus, a new method that combines the merits of the two methods is put forward to assess the seismic stability of rock slope. And the analytical results illustrate that plane sliding failure will not occur when the slope is affected only by seism. However, When horizontal seism-force and hydro-static pressure are coupled, the Buddha slope can hardly keep stable.
考虑石质文物评价对文物造型和岩体稳定性的双重要求,从岩体外部特征、岩体结构和岩体物理力学性质三方面出发建立了风化分级的指标体系,研究了岩石物理力学指标和风化风等级之间的关系,并建立了风化等级的分级标准,将层次分析法与模糊数学理论结合起来对于大佛胸部及腹部岩体的风化程度进行了评判,结果表明大佛腹部岩体存在着严重的差异风化。
采用数值分析软件UDEC,比较系统地研究了岩体结构面对岩质边坡地震响应的影响,包括岩体阻尼、结构面刚度变化的地震动效应、结构面产状(与坡面相交以及与坡面平行)、发育位置和密度以及卸荷裂带深度对边坡岩体地震动响应的影响,揭示了一系列有价值的规律。
提出了两种不同意义上的边坡动力稳定性概念:一是对于确定的地震荷载作用,边坡的动力稳定性安全储备有多大;二是对于确定的边坡状况,多大的地震作用会使边坡发生动力破坏。
分别应用动力时程法与拟静力法对大佛边坡关键块体进行了地震稳定性分析。比较两种计算结果发现,相对于动力时程分析法分析结果而言,拟静力法计算结果偏于危险,但两种方法所求出的边坡破坏临界加速度基本一致。在此基础上,论文提出一种动力时程法与拟静力法相结合评价岩质边坡地震稳定性的方法。大佛边坡地震稳定性计算结果表明:单独在峰值加速度为200cm/s2的地震荷载作用下,大佛陡崖岩体不会发生顺岩层的滑动破坏;但在裂隙水压力和水平地震力联合作用下,大佛陡崖不能保持稳定。
Jinyang Grand Buddha in Taiyuan, built in Beiqi Dynasty, is the earliest large stone statue found by far in our country and has significant value in history and culture. It was destroyed due to the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty. When it was found again in 1980, the Buddha is only a headless and fragmented body. Now, the cultural-relic department determines to repair the Buddha and recondition its vicinity. This will be beneficial not only to the protection of rare cultural-relics but also to the development of local tourism-economy. Based on the repair project of the Buddha,, the classification of weathered rock mass, the influence of structure faces on the earthquake motion in a rock slope are studied in this thesis. Furthermore, some new conceptions and methods on the seismic stability of rock slope are also put forward in this paper.
Considering the dual requirement of cultural relic for appearance and stability, the index system for weathering degree evaluation of rock mass is proposed based on the external characteristic, the rock structure and the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass. The relationship between weathering grades and the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass is studied and the evaluation standard was put forward according to the relationship. Furthermore, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory were applied to evaluate the weathering grade of rock mass of Buddha in accordance to the evaluation standard. The analytic results indicate the rock mass of Buddha is differently weathered.
The numerical simulation with software UDEC for the influence of structure faces on the earthquake motion of rock slopes are carried out systematically in this paper. The influences of the variations in the factors such as the damp ratio of rock mass, the stiffness, positions, occurrence(insert with the slope and parallel with the slope) of structure faces, and unloading depth on the earthquake motion in a rock slope were summarized by the numerical simulation results. Based on the conclusion mentioned above, some valuable laws are developed.
Two different concepts of dynamic stability of slope were proposed. The first is used to describe the stability of slope under the constant seismic load; The second is used to describe the seismic load that the slope can sustain.
Dynamic time-history method and quasi-static method were used to analyze the stability of key blocks on Buddha slope respectively. By comparing the results of the two different methods, It is found that quasi-static method overestimate the stability of slope, but the critical acceleration calculated by the two methods is not far off. Thus, a new method that combines the merits of the two methods is put forward to assess the seismic stability of rock slope. And the analytical results illustrate that plane sliding failure will not occur when the slope is affected only by seism. However, When horizontal seism-force and hydro-static pressure are coupled, the Buddha slope can hardly keep stable.
引文
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