光伏系统中的分布式MPPT技术研究
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摘要
本文研究重点主要是光伏系统直流发电侧,根据其发电原理建立了由组件到逆变器的光伏发电系统Matlab仿真模型。其中,光伏组件模型可以根据不同类型和厂家组件,以及不同温度和光照条件模拟组件的输出特性曲线。文本研究了在串并联结构中,组件失配导致的P-V曲线的多个局部最大峰值功率形成的原因,以及其造成发电功率损失的原因。
本文研究了经典的MPPT算法,并分析了其数学原理,明确了增量电导法相对其它常用算法更为精确的原因,并针对其追踪速度和精度进行了变步长的改进,并基于SPV1020芯片进行了工作特性测试。
基于以上研究,本文设计了分布式MPPT技术DCDC优化器,优化器采用H桥结构,升降压模式可切换,分析了优化器提高发电量的原理。分别针对屋顶类型的单组串无优化、全部优化和局部优化三种布置方案进行仿真,分别得出其提高发电量能力的对比。
最后论文选取武汉火车站屋顶光伏项目进行模拟仿真计算,建立光资源计算模型,实际测算了分布式MPPT技术提高发电量能力,并进行了经济效益分析。
Research on the DC electricity generation of the photovoltaic system is the emphasis of this paper. According to the theory of photovoltaic power generation,the models of PV cell and inverter are set up. The PV cell model can simulate the PV and IV curve from different manufactures whose PV cells have different characteristics in various environment condition. In series connection and parallel connection condition,the reason that mismatch of PV series leads to multi maximun power point and loss of power generation is also involved in this paper.
The classic MPPT methods are studied,and their mathematics theory is made clear.The Increases Conductance Method(INC) is more accurate and the reason is explained.Aiming at improving the speed and precision of INC,this paper use the changing step method.By the SPV1020chip,the tracking experiment is established.
Based on all above, this paper designs a PV cell optimizer as the carrier of the distributed MPPT. The optimizer has a H bridge structure which can switchover between BUCK and BOOST model. The principle of this optimizer that enhance power generation is clarified.The simulation in a typical case in three arragment,no optimizers,all optimizer fixed, and partial optimizer fixed, is completed.The result shows the capacity on the improving of power generation.
At last,this paper simulate the mismatch refer to the WuHan railway station.The radiation computation model is built,ang the improvment of power generation of PV system is calculated exactly which shows the feasibility on the commercial operation.
本文研究了经典的MPPT算法,并分析了其数学原理,明确了增量电导法相对其它常用算法更为精确的原因,并针对其追踪速度和精度进行了变步长的改进,并基于SPV1020芯片进行了工作特性测试。
基于以上研究,本文设计了分布式MPPT技术DCDC优化器,优化器采用H桥结构,升降压模式可切换,分析了优化器提高发电量的原理。分别针对屋顶类型的单组串无优化、全部优化和局部优化三种布置方案进行仿真,分别得出其提高发电量能力的对比。
最后论文选取武汉火车站屋顶光伏项目进行模拟仿真计算,建立光资源计算模型,实际测算了分布式MPPT技术提高发电量能力,并进行了经济效益分析。
Research on the DC electricity generation of the photovoltaic system is the emphasis of this paper. According to the theory of photovoltaic power generation,the models of PV cell and inverter are set up. The PV cell model can simulate the PV and IV curve from different manufactures whose PV cells have different characteristics in various environment condition. In series connection and parallel connection condition,the reason that mismatch of PV series leads to multi maximun power point and loss of power generation is also involved in this paper.
The classic MPPT methods are studied,and their mathematics theory is made clear.The Increases Conductance Method(INC) is more accurate and the reason is explained.Aiming at improving the speed and precision of INC,this paper use the changing step method.By the SPV1020chip,the tracking experiment is established.
Based on all above, this paper designs a PV cell optimizer as the carrier of the distributed MPPT. The optimizer has a H bridge structure which can switchover between BUCK and BOOST model. The principle of this optimizer that enhance power generation is clarified.The simulation in a typical case in three arragment,no optimizers,all optimizer fixed, and partial optimizer fixed, is completed.The result shows the capacity on the improving of power generation.
At last,this paper simulate the mismatch refer to the WuHan railway station.The radiation computation model is built,ang the improvment of power generation of PV system is calculated exactly which shows the feasibility on the commercial operation.
引文
[1]金晶.世界及中国能源结构.能源研究与信息.2003.19(1)：pp：20-26.
[2]岳鹏,王伶,张浩.国内外太阳能光伏政策研究.绿色建筑,2011(5)：pp：58-60.
[3]林伯强,姚昕,刘希颖.节能和碳排放约束下的中国能源结构战略调整.中国社会科学,2010(1)：pp：58-71
[4]刘红军.浅析我国太阳能光伏产业现状.科技资讯,2011(33)：pp：78.
[5]Ralf,Muenster.电源优化器技术：集中式与分布式MPPT的分析和比较.电子设计应用,2009(9)：pp：63-64.
[6]周磊等.间歇性遮挡对光伏组件发电量影响的研究.现代电力,2012.29(1)：pp：65-71
[7]刘邦银,段善旭,康勇.局部阴影条件下光伏模组特性的建模与分析.太阳能学报,2008.29(2)：pp：188-192.
[8]李国良等.阴影遮挡下空间太阳电池串联组件输出特性分析.光学学报,2011.31(1)：pp：228-233.
[9]刘翼.光伏并网发电系统建模仿真[学位论文].2011.北京交通大学.
[10]杜慧.太阳能发电控制系统的研究[学位论文].2008.华北电力大学.
[11]几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进.徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银等.电力电子技术2007,41(5)：3-5
[12]Hiren Patel, Vivek Agarwal. MATLAB-Based Modeling to Study the Effects of Partial Shading on PV Array Characteristics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 23, NO. 1, MARCH 2008.
[13]Wang NianCHun, Sun Zuo; Yukita, K.; Goto, Y, Ichiyanagi, K., Research of PV Model and MPPT Methods in Matlab. Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2010 Asia-Pacific
[14]Kazmi, S. Goto, H. Ichinokura, O. Hai-Jiao Guo.An Improved and Very Efficient MPPT Controller for PV Systems subjected to Rapidly Varying Atmospheric Conditions and Partial Shading. Power Engineering Conference, 2009. AUPEC 2009. Australasian Universities
[15]邱培春,葛宝明与毕大强.基于扰动观察和二次插值的光伏发电最大功率跟踪控制.电力系统保护与控制,2011.39(4)：pp：62-67.
[16]刘邦银、梁超辉、段善旭.直流模块式建筑集成光伏系统的拓扑研究；中国电机工程学报,2008(7)
[17]Tingting Zhao; Zhenhe JU. The distributed maximum power point tracking method And Application In The PV grid-connected generation. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application
[18]何建剑,吴为麟.分布式电源并网系统的研究.能源工程,2007(3)：pp：1-6.
[19]Michele,Sclocchi.分布式MPPT提高太阳能光伏系统的效率.集成电路应用,2009(12)：pp：40-41.
[20]王炳忠,张富国,李立贤.我国的太阳能资源及其计算.太阳能学报1980.1
[21]李晶,许洪华等.并网光伏电站动态建模及仿真分析.电力系统自动化12.252008.
[22]翁炳文等.全桥直流变换器在MPPT中的应用.机电工程,2008.25(9)：pp：8-10.
[23]张兴,曹仁贤等.太阳能光伏并网发电及其逆变控制.机械工业出版社
[24]王长贵,王斯成等.太阳能光伏发电实用技术.化学工业出版社
[25]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.中国电力出版社
[26]张志涌等.精通MATLAB 6.5.北京航空航天大学出版社
[2]岳鹏,王伶,张浩.国内外太阳能光伏政策研究.绿色建筑,2011(5)：pp：58-60.
[3]林伯强,姚昕,刘希颖.节能和碳排放约束下的中国能源结构战略调整.中国社会科学,2010(1)：pp：58-71
[4]刘红军.浅析我国太阳能光伏产业现状.科技资讯,2011(33)：pp：78.
[5]Ralf,Muenster.电源优化器技术：集中式与分布式MPPT的分析和比较.电子设计应用,2009(9)：pp：63-64.
[6]周磊等.间歇性遮挡对光伏组件发电量影响的研究.现代电力,2012.29(1)：pp：65-71
[7]刘邦银,段善旭,康勇.局部阴影条件下光伏模组特性的建模与分析.太阳能学报,2008.29(2)：pp：188-192.
[8]李国良等.阴影遮挡下空间太阳电池串联组件输出特性分析.光学学报,2011.31(1)：pp：228-233.
[9]刘翼.光伏并网发电系统建模仿真[学位论文].2011.北京交通大学.
[10]杜慧.太阳能发电控制系统的研究[学位论文].2008.华北电力大学.
[11]几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进.徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银等.电力电子技术2007,41(5)：3-5
[12]Hiren Patel, Vivek Agarwal. MATLAB-Based Modeling to Study the Effects of Partial Shading on PV Array Characteristics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 23, NO. 1, MARCH 2008.
[13]Wang NianCHun, Sun Zuo; Yukita, K.; Goto, Y, Ichiyanagi, K., Research of PV Model and MPPT Methods in Matlab. Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2010 Asia-Pacific
[14]Kazmi, S. Goto, H. Ichinokura, O. Hai-Jiao Guo.An Improved and Very Efficient MPPT Controller for PV Systems subjected to Rapidly Varying Atmospheric Conditions and Partial Shading. Power Engineering Conference, 2009. AUPEC 2009. Australasian Universities
[15]邱培春,葛宝明与毕大强.基于扰动观察和二次插值的光伏发电最大功率跟踪控制.电力系统保护与控制,2011.39(4)：pp：62-67.
[16]刘邦银、梁超辉、段善旭.直流模块式建筑集成光伏系统的拓扑研究；中国电机工程学报,2008(7)
[17]Tingting Zhao; Zhenhe JU. The distributed maximum power point tracking method And Application In The PV grid-connected generation. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application
[18]何建剑,吴为麟.分布式电源并网系统的研究.能源工程,2007(3)：pp：1-6.
[19]Michele,Sclocchi.分布式MPPT提高太阳能光伏系统的效率.集成电路应用,2009(12)：pp：40-41.
[20]王炳忠,张富国,李立贤.我国的太阳能资源及其计算.太阳能学报1980.1
[21]李晶,许洪华等.并网光伏电站动态建模及仿真分析.电力系统自动化12.252008.
[22]翁炳文等.全桥直流变换器在MPPT中的应用.机电工程,2008.25(9)：pp：8-10.
[23]张兴,曹仁贤等.太阳能光伏并网发电及其逆变控制.机械工业出版社
[24]王长贵,王斯成等.太阳能光伏发电实用技术.化学工业出版社
[25]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.中国电力出版社
[26]张志涌等.精通MATLAB 6.5.北京航空航天大学出版社
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