低噪声微光图像采集系统的研究
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摘要
针对微光成像的高精度要求,研制了一套低噪声的微光图像采集系统。论文研究了低光照强度环境下图像的高精度采集技术,主要包括整体系统的设计和降噪手段的研究。围绕高灵敏度的科学级微光图像传感器,根据其最佳工作模式,设计了低噪声的驱动电路和高速采集电路,并研究了多模式驱动时序和曝光同步方法。针对系统的各项噪声,结合实际情况,通过以下手段进行降低：数字多相关采样,温度控制,电磁屏蔽,图像去噪声滤波。
本文分为六章：
第一章阐述了微光成像技术和电子倍增耦合器件(Electron Multiplication Charge Coupled Device, EMCCD)的国内外研究现状及应用,提出了本课题的研究内容和研究意义。
第二章分析比较了常用的高性能微光图像传感器,结合其正常工作对直流偏置和驱动时序的要求,设计了高质量的时序驱动电路和高速、低抖动的采集电路。
第三章在掌握EMCCD基本驱动时序的基础上,提出了多模式驱动和曝光同步方案,实现了无电子快门的曝光同步、曝光时间调节、电子倍增增益调节、开窗模式调节,并详细阐述了该方案的实现方法。
第四章详细分析了EMCCD的所有噪声及其特性,提出多种有效的降噪方案。
第五章设计实验对所设计的低噪声微光图像采集系统进行测试和验证。在验证实际驱动时序波形和模拟输出信号的正确性后,观察多模式驱动下的数字图像,最后设计实验分析降噪手段的实际效果和本系统实际的探测灵敏度。
第六章对全文进行了扼要的总结,并提出了进一步的研究内容。
For the requirement of high precision in low light imaging, designed a low light image acquisition system. This thesis focused on precise image acq uisition technology under low light circumstance,including the system design and the useful noise damping method investigation. Analysed the best working modeo f the ultra high sensitive low light image transducer, designed the low noise dr iving circuits and high speed acquisition circuits, investigated the multi-drivingand synchronization of flash.As for the system noises,use the following methods to d amp:digital multi-correlated sampling, temperature control, electrical magnetic fiel d shield and image filters.
This paper composed of six chapters:
Chapter one:introduced the researching and utilizing situation in and outs tate for low light imaging technology and Electron Multiplication Charge CoupledD evicc(EMCCD), proposed the content and meaning of this research program.
Chapter two:analyzed the popular high performance low light image transducer, based on the normal working requirement of DC bias and driving timing, designedt he high performance driving circuits and high speed low skewed acquisition circuits.
Chapter three:proposed multi-driving and synchronization solution based o n the mastering of basic driving timing designing of EMCCD, realized thesy nchronizing of flash time without electron shutter, the gain adjusting of electron m ultiplication and the adjusting of open window mode, introduced the realizing me thod of the solution in detail.
Chapter four:analyzed the all noises and their characteristics of EMCCD, proposed several useful noise damping methods.
Chapter five:designed different experiments to test the designed low noisea nd low light image acquisition system. After having demonstrated the validation of th e real driving timing wave and analog output signals, observed the digital imagesun der multi-driving mode, designed experiments for analyzing noise damping methodsand their usefulness, computed the real sensitivity of the system.
Chapter six:summarized contents of this paper, proposed contents forf urther research.
本文分为六章：
第一章阐述了微光成像技术和电子倍增耦合器件(Electron Multiplication Charge Coupled Device, EMCCD)的国内外研究现状及应用,提出了本课题的研究内容和研究意义。
第二章分析比较了常用的高性能微光图像传感器,结合其正常工作对直流偏置和驱动时序的要求,设计了高质量的时序驱动电路和高速、低抖动的采集电路。
第三章在掌握EMCCD基本驱动时序的基础上,提出了多模式驱动和曝光同步方案,实现了无电子快门的曝光同步、曝光时间调节、电子倍增增益调节、开窗模式调节,并详细阐述了该方案的实现方法。
第四章详细分析了EMCCD的所有噪声及其特性,提出多种有效的降噪方案。
第五章设计实验对所设计的低噪声微光图像采集系统进行测试和验证。在验证实际驱动时序波形和模拟输出信号的正确性后,观察多模式驱动下的数字图像,最后设计实验分析降噪手段的实际效果和本系统实际的探测灵敏度。
第六章对全文进行了扼要的总结,并提出了进一步的研究内容。
For the requirement of high precision in low light imaging, designed a low light image acquisition system. This thesis focused on precise image acq uisition technology under low light circumstance,including the system design and the useful noise damping method investigation. Analysed the best working modeo f the ultra high sensitive low light image transducer, designed the low noise dr iving circuits and high speed acquisition circuits, investigated the multi-drivingand synchronization of flash.As for the system noises,use the following methods to d amp:digital multi-correlated sampling, temperature control, electrical magnetic fiel d shield and image filters.
This paper composed of six chapters:
Chapter one:introduced the researching and utilizing situation in and outs tate for low light imaging technology and Electron Multiplication Charge CoupledD evicc(EMCCD), proposed the content and meaning of this research program.
Chapter two:analyzed the popular high performance low light image transducer, based on the normal working requirement of DC bias and driving timing, designedt he high performance driving circuits and high speed low skewed acquisition circuits.
Chapter three:proposed multi-driving and synchronization solution based o n the mastering of basic driving timing designing of EMCCD, realized thesy nchronizing of flash time without electron shutter, the gain adjusting of electron m ultiplication and the adjusting of open window mode, introduced the realizing me thod of the solution in detail.
Chapter four:analyzed the all noises and their characteristics of EMCCD, proposed several useful noise damping methods.
Chapter five:designed different experiments to test the designed low noisea nd low light image acquisition system. After having demonstrated the validation of th e real driving timing wave and analog output signals, observed the digital imagesun der multi-driving mode, designed experiments for analyzing noise damping methodsand their usefulness, computed the real sensitivity of the system.
Chapter six:summarized contents of this paper, proposed contents forf urther research.
引文
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