动态扰动触发高静应力岩石发生破裂的研究
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摘要
近几十年来岩石力学界的学者们在研究静态和动态载荷作用下岩石破坏方面取得了丰硕的成果,对岩石力学理论与实践起了巨大的推动作用。然而,这些研究基本限于岩石完全承受静载荷或完全承受动载荷作用的情况,对于静载荷与动载荷联合作用下岩石变形及破坏特性的研究显得相对不足。事实上,在实践及自然界中,特别是在深部岩石工程中,岩石在承受动载荷作用之前,已经处于高静应力状态之中,动态扰动往往是触发处于高静态应力岩体发生失稳破裂的诱因之一。所以,开展动态扰动触发高静应力岩石发生失稳破裂的研究具有重要的理论价值和工程实际应用前景。
在国家自然科学基金的资助下,本文以动态扰动触发高静应力岩体的失稳破裂为研究目标,通过实验和数值模拟手段开展研究工作。主要研究工作包括如下方面：
(1)首先,开展岩石在静—动态组合加载条件下破坏过程的霍布金逊杆(SHPB)实验,研究不同的轴向静态应力水平对于静-动组合加载条件下的破坏强度及破裂过程的影响。
(2)其次,使用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA-Dynamics软件进行岩石在静态、动态和静-动组合加载条件下破坏过程进行了数值模拟,分析静态应力水平、动态应力波形(应力波峰值和作用时间)对于动态和静-动组合条件下的岩石破裂过程的影响；
(3)最后,开展动态扰动触发地下深部巷道发生失稳破裂的数值模拟,探讨静态地应力条件、巷道埋深和动态扰动的作用方向及波形(应力波峰值和作用时间)对于巷道围岩损伤与破坏的影响,认清把该问题视为静-动组合受力条件下的岩石力学问题进行研究的必要性,揭示动态扰动触发深部巷道发生破裂的力学机制。
In the past several decades, the failure of rock, under static or dynamic loading, was studied extensively and many significant achievements, which paid an important role in the development of rock mechanics and engineering practices, have been achieved. However, most of these researches are usually concentrated on the conditions solely under static or dynamic loading. The insufficiencies still exist for the rock failure under coupled static and dynamic loading. In fact, the natural rock, especially that in deep underground engineering, the rock is highly stressed before subjected to the dynamic loading, and therefore, the dynamic disturbance is one key factor to trigger the instable failure of underground rock mass. Therefore, the failure of highly stressed rock triggered by dynamic disturbance is of great scientific significance and engineering practices.
Under the support of national science foundation of China (NSFC), this work is aimed to study the failure of highly stressed rock that is triggered by dynamic disturbance. The basic work is briefed as follows:
(1) Firstly, the failure of rock under coupled static and dynamic loading is tested using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, based on which, the effect of static stress level on the dynamic failure process is observed.
(2) Secondly, the failure of rock under static, dynamic or coupled static-dynamic loading is numerically simulated using RFPA-Dynamics, a numerical code capable of reproducing the failure of rock. The effect of a variety of factors, such as static stress level, dynamic stress wave forms (i.e. amplitude and duration of stress wave), on the dynamic rock failure are analyzed.
(3) At last, the numerical simulations on the failure of underground tunnel triggered by dynamic disturbance are presented. The effect of in situ stress, depth of the tunnel and waveforms of dynamic disturbance on damage and failure of underground tunnel is characterized. This numerical simulation may highlight the importance of considering the contribution of coupled static-dynamic loading conditions in order to clarify the mechanism associated with the collapse of underground opening especially when the effect of the dynamic loading can not be ignored.
在国家自然科学基金的资助下,本文以动态扰动触发高静应力岩体的失稳破裂为研究目标,通过实验和数值模拟手段开展研究工作。主要研究工作包括如下方面：
(1)首先,开展岩石在静—动态组合加载条件下破坏过程的霍布金逊杆(SHPB)实验,研究不同的轴向静态应力水平对于静-动组合加载条件下的破坏强度及破裂过程的影响。
(2)其次,使用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA-Dynamics软件进行岩石在静态、动态和静-动组合加载条件下破坏过程进行了数值模拟,分析静态应力水平、动态应力波形(应力波峰值和作用时间)对于动态和静-动组合条件下的岩石破裂过程的影响；
(3)最后,开展动态扰动触发地下深部巷道发生失稳破裂的数值模拟,探讨静态地应力条件、巷道埋深和动态扰动的作用方向及波形(应力波峰值和作用时间)对于巷道围岩损伤与破坏的影响,认清把该问题视为静-动组合受力条件下的岩石力学问题进行研究的必要性,揭示动态扰动触发深部巷道发生破裂的力学机制。
In the past several decades, the failure of rock, under static or dynamic loading, was studied extensively and many significant achievements, which paid an important role in the development of rock mechanics and engineering practices, have been achieved. However, most of these researches are usually concentrated on the conditions solely under static or dynamic loading. The insufficiencies still exist for the rock failure under coupled static and dynamic loading. In fact, the natural rock, especially that in deep underground engineering, the rock is highly stressed before subjected to the dynamic loading, and therefore, the dynamic disturbance is one key factor to trigger the instable failure of underground rock mass. Therefore, the failure of highly stressed rock triggered by dynamic disturbance is of great scientific significance and engineering practices.
Under the support of national science foundation of China (NSFC), this work is aimed to study the failure of highly stressed rock that is triggered by dynamic disturbance. The basic work is briefed as follows:
(1) Firstly, the failure of rock under coupled static and dynamic loading is tested using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, based on which, the effect of static stress level on the dynamic failure process is observed.
(2) Secondly, the failure of rock under static, dynamic or coupled static-dynamic loading is numerically simulated using RFPA-Dynamics, a numerical code capable of reproducing the failure of rock. The effect of a variety of factors, such as static stress level, dynamic stress wave forms (i.e. amplitude and duration of stress wave), on the dynamic rock failure are analyzed.
(3) At last, the numerical simulations on the failure of underground tunnel triggered by dynamic disturbance are presented. The effect of in situ stress, depth of the tunnel and waveforms of dynamic disturbance on damage and failure of underground tunnel is characterized. This numerical simulation may highlight the importance of considering the contribution of coupled static-dynamic loading conditions in order to clarify the mechanism associated with the collapse of underground opening especially when the effect of the dynamic loading can not be ignored.
引文
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