基于Petri网工作流技术的工程项目群管理研究
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摘要
当前,越来越多的工程项目以集群的形态处于多组织、多项目的环境之中。面对这类集群项目,目前的管理计划、控制技术方法趋于粗放,在项目群的运行过程中,缺乏完整统一的工作流控制方案,信息沟通方式也不能有效满足工程项目群建设的需要。正是在这一背景下,为改进、完善工程项目群的管理现状,促进集成管理与工程项目群管理实践的有效结合,本文以集成管理理论为基础,工作流技术为手段,理论研究与建模仿真技术相结合,基于Petri网建模工具,对工程项目群集成机理、模型构建及工作流管理系统进行了深入研究。
论文分析了工程项目群管理的集成本质,阐述了项目群管理流程、管理组织形式、信息集成的内涵和集成机理,构建了工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型,并且分析了工作流技术对于实现该框架模型的可行性,为本文的研究奠定了理论基础。
为了实现工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型中的流程集成,在对工程项目群实施阶段工作流模型特点分析及工作流框架模型构建的基础上,基于分层赋时着色Petri网(Hierarchy Timed Colored Petri Net, HTCPN)构建工程项目群实施阶段工作流模型。在工作流模型的基础上,考虑资源约束,通过HTCPN中非空颜色集合的定义,借助托肯颜色表达资源的分类及组合,完成工程项目群实施阶段资源模型的构建。工作流模型和资源模型能够直观地反映项目群实施过程中任务之间顺序、并行和同步等复杂的时空逻辑关系,揭示项目群系统内部动态行为特征,为全面准确地掌握项目群实施全过程、实现项目群实施阶段的流程集成以及项目群资源优化提供技术与方法的支持。借助CPN Tools仿真平台进行实例建模与仿真,通过对模型结构、工期和过程优化的仿真分析,验证了模型的有效性。
在工程项目群工作流模型和资源模型构建的基础上,即流程定义已完成的基础上,针对工程项目群管理在计算机网络环境下的集成协同需求及信息集成对工程项目群工作流管理系统的功能要求,以WfMC工作流管理系统参考模型为原型,设计了一种工程项目群工作流管理系统。详细描述了模型模块与接口的功能和相互之间的关系,分析了该系统的应用效益。基于这一模型开发的管理系统是集管理自动化和信息化为一体的网络管理系统,能为信息集成提供平台,有效促进组织的集成,并保障流程集成的实现。至此,工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型借助工作流建模及工作流管理系统得以实现。
Nowadays, more and more projects are in the multi-organizational and multi-project environment in the form of clusters. The current management planning and control technology tends to extensive so as to lack of a complete and unified workflow control scheme during the operation of the programme, and information of communication can not effectively meet the needs of the construction of the programme. In order to improve the status of construction programme management and promote the effective combination of construction programme management practices in integration management, this paper, based on integration management theory and combination of theoretical studies, modeling and simulation technology, studied the integration theory, construction modeling and workflow management system of construction programme by means of workflow technology as well as the Petri net modeling tools.
This paper analyzed the integration nature of construction programme, interpreted the connotation and mechanism of management workflow, management organization and integration information and presented a global framework model for integration management of construction programme, as well as discussed the feasibility to achieving integration management of construction programme by means of workflow technology. The above study laid a theoretical foundation for this paper.
To achieve process integration in the global framework model of construction programme, this paper presented a workflow model of the construction programme by hierarchical timed colored Petri Net on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of workflow model and building a framework of workflow model of construction programme in the implementation phase. On the basis of the workflow model, considering the resource constraints, this paper presented a resource model of the construction programme by defining non-empty colored sets in hierarchical timed colored Petri net and expressing the classification and combination of resources with the token color. The workflow model and the resource model of the construction programme can not only explicitly illustrate the sequence, parallel, synchronization and other complex logic relationship between sub tasks of programme in time and space fields, but also reveal characteristics of the internal dynamic behavior of the programme. The workflow model and the resource model can be used to master the whole process of implementation phases all-round accurately and achieve workflow intergration, as well as optimize the resource allocation effectively, providing powerful guarantee to construction programme in technological and methodological aspects ultimately. With the CPN Tools simulation platform for modeling and simulating an example of a construction programme, the validity of the model is verified through the simulation analysis to the model structure, schedule and process optimization.
Once the workflow model and the resource model of construction programme has been constructed, the process definition is finished. On the basis of process definition, for the integrated collaborative demand of the construction programme in the computer network environment and functional requirements of construction programme workflow management system for information integration, this paper developed a workflow management system of construction programme based on the workflow reference model of WfMC and described the interface between each module, defined the functions and relations of modules and interfaces in detail. The effectiveness of the application system is analyzed subsequently. The workflow management system of construction programme is such a network management system which can realize automation, informatization and integration, and provide a platform for information integration, promote the organization integration, and guarantee the process integration in the implementation phases of construction programme. With workflow modeling and workflow management system, the global framework model for integration management of construction programme was realized.
论文分析了工程项目群管理的集成本质,阐述了项目群管理流程、管理组织形式、信息集成的内涵和集成机理,构建了工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型,并且分析了工作流技术对于实现该框架模型的可行性,为本文的研究奠定了理论基础。
为了实现工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型中的流程集成,在对工程项目群实施阶段工作流模型特点分析及工作流框架模型构建的基础上,基于分层赋时着色Petri网(Hierarchy Timed Colored Petri Net, HTCPN)构建工程项目群实施阶段工作流模型。在工作流模型的基础上,考虑资源约束,通过HTCPN中非空颜色集合的定义,借助托肯颜色表达资源的分类及组合,完成工程项目群实施阶段资源模型的构建。工作流模型和资源模型能够直观地反映项目群实施过程中任务之间顺序、并行和同步等复杂的时空逻辑关系,揭示项目群系统内部动态行为特征,为全面准确地掌握项目群实施全过程、实现项目群实施阶段的流程集成以及项目群资源优化提供技术与方法的支持。借助CPN Tools仿真平台进行实例建模与仿真,通过对模型结构、工期和过程优化的仿真分析,验证了模型的有效性。
在工程项目群工作流模型和资源模型构建的基础上,即流程定义已完成的基础上,针对工程项目群管理在计算机网络环境下的集成协同需求及信息集成对工程项目群工作流管理系统的功能要求,以WfMC工作流管理系统参考模型为原型,设计了一种工程项目群工作流管理系统。详细描述了模型模块与接口的功能和相互之间的关系,分析了该系统的应用效益。基于这一模型开发的管理系统是集管理自动化和信息化为一体的网络管理系统,能为信息集成提供平台,有效促进组织的集成,并保障流程集成的实现。至此,工程项目群集成管理总体框架模型借助工作流建模及工作流管理系统得以实现。
Nowadays, more and more projects are in the multi-organizational and multi-project environment in the form of clusters. The current management planning and control technology tends to extensive so as to lack of a complete and unified workflow control scheme during the operation of the programme, and information of communication can not effectively meet the needs of the construction of the programme. In order to improve the status of construction programme management and promote the effective combination of construction programme management practices in integration management, this paper, based on integration management theory and combination of theoretical studies, modeling and simulation technology, studied the integration theory, construction modeling and workflow management system of construction programme by means of workflow technology as well as the Petri net modeling tools.
This paper analyzed the integration nature of construction programme, interpreted the connotation and mechanism of management workflow, management organization and integration information and presented a global framework model for integration management of construction programme, as well as discussed the feasibility to achieving integration management of construction programme by means of workflow technology. The above study laid a theoretical foundation for this paper.
To achieve process integration in the global framework model of construction programme, this paper presented a workflow model of the construction programme by hierarchical timed colored Petri Net on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of workflow model and building a framework of workflow model of construction programme in the implementation phase. On the basis of the workflow model, considering the resource constraints, this paper presented a resource model of the construction programme by defining non-empty colored sets in hierarchical timed colored Petri net and expressing the classification and combination of resources with the token color. The workflow model and the resource model of the construction programme can not only explicitly illustrate the sequence, parallel, synchronization and other complex logic relationship between sub tasks of programme in time and space fields, but also reveal characteristics of the internal dynamic behavior of the programme. The workflow model and the resource model can be used to master the whole process of implementation phases all-round accurately and achieve workflow intergration, as well as optimize the resource allocation effectively, providing powerful guarantee to construction programme in technological and methodological aspects ultimately. With the CPN Tools simulation platform for modeling and simulating an example of a construction programme, the validity of the model is verified through the simulation analysis to the model structure, schedule and process optimization.
Once the workflow model and the resource model of construction programme has been constructed, the process definition is finished. On the basis of process definition, for the integrated collaborative demand of the construction programme in the computer network environment and functional requirements of construction programme workflow management system for information integration, this paper developed a workflow management system of construction programme based on the workflow reference model of WfMC and described the interface between each module, defined the functions and relations of modules and interfaces in detail. The effectiveness of the application system is analyzed subsequently. The workflow management system of construction programme is such a network management system which can realize automation, informatization and integration, and provide a platform for information integration, promote the organization integration, and guarantee the process integration in the implementation phases of construction programme. With workflow modeling and workflow management system, the global framework model for integration management of construction programme was realized.
引文
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