小南海水利枢纽通航建筑物引航道口门区水流条件数值模拟研究
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摘要
通航设施在水利枢纽建筑物中是一个不可缺少的组成部分,解决好引航道口门区的流态是涉及船舶航行安全和通航效率的问题。在引航道口门区,由于过流断面突变,将产生流速梯度,形成斜向水流和大面积的回流。当船舶进出引航道口门区时,回流和横向流动会使其发生横漂和扭转,船舶的驾驶变的困难,严重时将会出现失控事故,影响通航安全。因此对引航道口门区水流条件进行研究非常必要。?
本文结合西部交通建设科技项目“长江小南海枢纽通航关键技术研究”,以小南海水利枢纽为工程背景,针对小南海枢纽工程河段特殊的水流条件,利用数学模型对其引航道口门区水流条件进行数值模拟。论文主要工作分为三部分:首先以两级实测水位和流速数据为基础,对数学模型在此类复杂边界河流计算方面的准确性进行检验;其次进行实际工程方案的计算,该部分又可分为两步:第一步在设计方案的基础上,对各种工况下船闸上下引航道水流条件计算分析,同时提出了改善措施:加长上游隔流堤长度,并对上引航道口门区左岸进行开挖,同时优化枢纽闸门开启方式;第二步对修改后方案的水流条件进行计算,结果表明:修改后方案水流条件在流量Q≤30000m~3/s均能满足安全通航要求。最后,应用物理模型对此问题的研究,并对在不同流量级不同水库运行方式组合下的物理模型实测结果和数学模型计算结果进行对比分析,结果显示:数值模拟结果与物理模型结果基本吻合,说明该数值模拟方法能用于引航道口门区水流的计算。
Navigation facilities in water conservancy hub building is a indispensable constituent part, to solve the approach channel configuration is related to the primary navigation safety and navigation efficiency problem.The entrance located at the transition area between the main channel and approach canal usually subjected to large whirlpools and oblique flows.This kind of flow structure could some time cause difficulties and even accidents for large tows and ships.
Based on navigation key technology research of Xiaonanhai hub of the western traffic construction technology projects in the Yangtze river, with the xiaonanhai water conservancy hub for the engineering background,this paper uses numerical models on the numerical simulation. Main job is divided into three parts.first,data measured of water level and flow velocity has been used to verify the numerical model.Secondly,a case study for the actual engineering plan was carried out,This part can be divided into two steps,The first step is calculation and analysis for shiplock Fluctuation approach on the basis of various working conditions. Meanwhile putting forward for improving measures: extending upstream dam length,excavating the approach channel area leftbank and optimizing open manner of hub gate; The second step is calculation for modification scheme . Results show that the modified scheme flow conditions when flow is less or equal to 30000m3/s satisfy navigation requirements. Finally,the application of physical model about the problem,comparison analysis under research in different flow magnitude and different combinations of reservoir operation under the physical model test results and mathematical model calculation results,which shows numerical simulation results and a physical model results are basically identical,so the numerical simulation method can be used flow calculation to approach channel area.
本文结合西部交通建设科技项目“长江小南海枢纽通航关键技术研究”,以小南海水利枢纽为工程背景,针对小南海枢纽工程河段特殊的水流条件,利用数学模型对其引航道口门区水流条件进行数值模拟。论文主要工作分为三部分:首先以两级实测水位和流速数据为基础,对数学模型在此类复杂边界河流计算方面的准确性进行检验;其次进行实际工程方案的计算,该部分又可分为两步:第一步在设计方案的基础上,对各种工况下船闸上下引航道水流条件计算分析,同时提出了改善措施:加长上游隔流堤长度,并对上引航道口门区左岸进行开挖,同时优化枢纽闸门开启方式;第二步对修改后方案的水流条件进行计算,结果表明:修改后方案水流条件在流量Q≤30000m~3/s均能满足安全通航要求。最后,应用物理模型对此问题的研究,并对在不同流量级不同水库运行方式组合下的物理模型实测结果和数学模型计算结果进行对比分析,结果显示:数值模拟结果与物理模型结果基本吻合,说明该数值模拟方法能用于引航道口门区水流的计算。
Navigation facilities in water conservancy hub building is a indispensable constituent part, to solve the approach channel configuration is related to the primary navigation safety and navigation efficiency problem.The entrance located at the transition area between the main channel and approach canal usually subjected to large whirlpools and oblique flows.This kind of flow structure could some time cause difficulties and even accidents for large tows and ships.
Based on navigation key technology research of Xiaonanhai hub of the western traffic construction technology projects in the Yangtze river, with the xiaonanhai water conservancy hub for the engineering background,this paper uses numerical models on the numerical simulation. Main job is divided into three parts.first,data measured of water level and flow velocity has been used to verify the numerical model.Secondly,a case study for the actual engineering plan was carried out,This part can be divided into two steps,The first step is calculation and analysis for shiplock Fluctuation approach on the basis of various working conditions. Meanwhile putting forward for improving measures: extending upstream dam length,excavating the approach channel area leftbank and optimizing open manner of hub gate; The second step is calculation for modification scheme . Results show that the modified scheme flow conditions when flow is less or equal to 30000m3/s satisfy navigation requirements. Finally,the application of physical model about the problem,comparison analysis under research in different flow magnitude and different combinations of reservoir operation under the physical model test results and mathematical model calculation results,which shows numerical simulation results and a physical model results are basically identical,so the numerical simulation method can be used flow calculation to approach channel area.
引文
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[22]于曰晏.正交曲线坐标下复杂边界二维水流数值模拟研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
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[25]陆永军,王兆印,左利钦,朱立俊.长江中游瓦口子至马家咀河段二维水沙数学模型[J].水科学进展.2006.2
[26]徐成伟.人工鱼礁水动力场水槽试验及其数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学.2008
[27]陈建,张为,张先起.三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟[J].科学技术与工程.2009.10
[28]曹祖德,王运洪.动力学泥沙数值模拟[M].天津.天津大学出版社[M].1993
[29] J.P.Van Doormal,G.G. Raithby,Enhancement of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows[J].Numerical Heat Transer,7:147-163,1984
[30]白云. FORTRAN 90程序设计[M].上海.华东理工大学出版社.2003
[31]张乐.三峡水库成库初期库尾洪水急流滩航道条件变化研究[D].重庆.重庆交通大学.2010
[32]长江小南海枢纽通航建筑物规模研究[R].成都。四川省交通厅.2010.4.
[33]《船闸总体设计规范》JTJ305-2001[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2001. 9
[34]吴持恭.水力学[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2004.12
[35]李发政等.三峡工程泄洪对下游通航条件影响的研究[J].武汉:长江科学院院报.2000.(2):10~15
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[37]程昌华等.航道工程学[M].重庆.重庆大学出版社.2006.北京.人民交通出版社.2001.01
[2]杨胜发.汊道水流数值模拟[J].重庆交通大学.2002
[3]刘大滨.内河引航道口门流动控制数学模型研究[D].北京.清华大学.2003
[4]周淑芹.引航道口门区通航水流条件研究[D] .重庆.重庆交通大学.2008.
[5] Stephen,K.,Himilton.Potential Effects of a Major Navigation Project on Inundation in the pantanal Flood Plains[J].Regulated Rivers:Research&management,1999,15(4):PP289-299.
[6] Calrling,p.A.,and N.Wood.Simulation of Flow Over Pool-Riffle Topography: A Consideration of the Velocity Reversal Hypthesis[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,19,319-332,1994.
[7] Theiling,C.H.,Maher,R.J.,Sparks,R.E..Effects of Variable annual Hydrology on a River Regulated for Navigation:Pool 26,Upper Mississippi River System[J].Long Term Resource Monitoring Program,NTIS-PB98103104,1997:21p.
[8] Maynard,S.T..Safe Navigation Speeds and Clearance at Lower Sill[J].Temporary Lork 52,Ohio River.Final Report,NTIS-AD-A181207,1987:PP1-80.
[9]陈作强.通航建筑物引航道口门区及连接段通航水流条件研究[D].四川.四川大学.2006
[10]李伟.透空隔流堤对船闸引航道口门区水流条件影响研究[D].湖南.长沙理工大学.2007
[11]杜宗伟.广西郁江贵港航运枢纽二线船闸工程整体水工模型试验研究报告[R].重庆.西南水运工程科学研究所.2010.
[12]张绪进.四川省岷江犍为航电枢纽水工模型试验研究报告[R].重庆.重庆西南水运工程科学研究所.2010.
[13]叶海桃.船闸引航道口门区流态的模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007
[14]何进朝,林江,母德伟.渝黔铁路扩能改造工程新白沙沱长江四线特大桥通航净空尺度和技术要求论证研究[R].重庆.重庆西南水运工程科学研究所.2009.10.
[15]程文辉,王船海.用正交曲线网格及“冻结”法计算河道流场[J].水利学报,1988.6
[16]董耀华.河势贴体河道平面二维正交网格生成方法的研究及应用[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(4):14~17
[17]龙天渝等.计算流体力学[M].重庆.重庆大学出版社.2006
[18] H.K.Versteeg,W.Malalasekera,An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method[J].Wiley,New York,1995
[19]杨小文.急流滩消滩指标的滩型反演研究[D],重庆.重庆交通大学.2010
[20]陈明.山区河流桥群河段桥梁跨度与间距对通航影响的研究[D],重庆.重庆交通大学.2010
[21]张辉辉.有限体积法在分期导流束窄河道流场二维数值模拟中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005
[22]于曰晏.正交曲线坐标下复杂边界二维水流数值模拟研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[23]帕坦卡SV著.张政译.传热与流体流动的数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[24]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2004.3
[25]陆永军,王兆印,左利钦,朱立俊.长江中游瓦口子至马家咀河段二维水沙数学模型[J].水科学进展.2006.2
[26]徐成伟.人工鱼礁水动力场水槽试验及其数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学.2008
[27]陈建,张为,张先起.三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟[J].科学技术与工程.2009.10
[28]曹祖德,王运洪.动力学泥沙数值模拟[M].天津.天津大学出版社[M].1993
[29] J.P.Van Doormal,G.G. Raithby,Enhancement of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows[J].Numerical Heat Transer,7:147-163,1984
[30]白云. FORTRAN 90程序设计[M].上海.华东理工大学出版社.2003
[31]张乐.三峡水库成库初期库尾洪水急流滩航道条件变化研究[D].重庆.重庆交通大学.2010
[32]长江小南海枢纽通航建筑物规模研究[R].成都。四川省交通厅.2010.4.
[33]《船闸总体设计规范》JTJ305-2001[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2001. 9
[34]吴持恭.水力学[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2004.12
[35]李发政等.三峡工程泄洪对下游通航条件影响的研究[J].武汉:长江科学院院报.2000.(2):10~15
[36]杜国仁等.三峡工程坝区通航水流条件与通航建筑物布置优化子题报告[R].天津.交通部天津水科所.1995.
[37]程昌华等.航道工程学[M].重庆.重庆大学出版社.2006.北京.人民交通出版社.2001.01