UWB雷达目标探测理论与实验研究
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摘要
超宽带冲激雷达所具有的潜在特性,正吸引着众多学者和研究人员投身其中的研究工作,有望为雷达领域带来新一轮的技术革命。本文对超宽带雷达,特别是中远程超宽带雷达的目标探测进行了理论分析、系统设计和实验研究。
首先对超宽带冲激雷达目标探测理论进行系统研究和深入分析。给出了目标运动对波形的时域缩展效应表达式;探讨了超宽带雷达的测距、测速、测角原理,深入分析了超宽带雷达测量域之间的耦合关系;引入模糊函数的概念对超宽带雷达一维、二维模糊函数进行了深入分析,开创性地对无限脉冲测速、有限脉冲测速两种情形推导了其解析表达式,并对其物理本质进行了探讨分析;独到地引入时间延迟因子推导出了时域冲激雷达方程,结合时域冲激雷达方程指出了理想的时域最优接收机的概念。
接着分别对超宽带冲激雷达发射机设计、接收机设计进行了系统介绍和深入分析。对超宽带冲激雷达发射机、接收机基本参数进行了规范定义;设计出了系列高稳定度脉冲子源;分析研究了开环相干合成理论,设计实现了4兆瓦、30兆瓦全固态高稳定度相干合成纳秒脉冲源;分析指出了冲激脉冲信号的时域最优相关接收机模型及其基本性能;设计实现了冲激脉冲的前沿检测接收机和正交解调接收机。
文章对超宽带冲激雷达信号处理算法进行了系统分析和介绍。基于脉冲回波时域特征识选及添加软波门的思路,提出了时域射频抑制算法和双门限积累检测算法;基于脉冲回波与杂波之间斜率特征差异,提出了适合于更低信杂比的时域滤斜-杂波抑制算法。
最后介绍了中远程超宽带冲激雷达实验样机及其外场实验结果。
The hopeful potential of UWB (Ultra Wideband) impulse radar is attracting many scholar and researchers to devote into its study, and a new technical revolution in radar field is coming maybe. In this paper, theory and test of impulse radar system, especially which's on mid/long-range, are discussed.
Theory of target detection for an impulse radar system is analyzed minutely. Firstly, an expression is given to describe the impulse's waveform spreading effect by target's moving, and measurement principles of range, velocity, and angle, are discussed. Then, couplings among measurement's fields of impulse radar are mentioned, and the ambiguous functions of one or two dimensions are remarked exactly. Moreover, the analytic expressions, for both infinite and finite number of pulses, are deducted originally, and their physics essences are pointed out. Furthermore, the impulse radar equation in time domain is derived from using a time delay factor particularly, and according as the equation, the model of ideal optimized correlation receiver in time domain is explored out.
Both transmitter and receiver of impulse radar are analyzed deeply. Firstly, the basic parameters of them are defined strictly. Then, sub-sources with high stability are designed out, theory of pulse sources' open-loop synchronization and synthesis is studied, and a series of full-solid high-stability pulse sources with 4 or 30 MW peak power are realized, using synchronization and synthesis technology. Similarly, the model and performance of the ideal optimized correlation receiver in time domain is discussed, and a series of receivers realized, including both leading-edge detector and quadrature demodulation receiver.
Some signal processing algorithms for impulse radar are introduced. Based on the thought of distinguishing time-domain feature and adding software wave-gate, algorithms of both time domain RFI suppression and double-threshold recognizing detection are pointed out. Based on the slope difference between echo and clutter or RFI, a Time-Domain Slope-Filter Clutter Suppression (TDSF-CS) is explored out, which is fitter for lower SNR.
Finally, a prototype of mid/long-range impulse radar and its outdoor test are shown.
首先对超宽带冲激雷达目标探测理论进行系统研究和深入分析。给出了目标运动对波形的时域缩展效应表达式;探讨了超宽带雷达的测距、测速、测角原理,深入分析了超宽带雷达测量域之间的耦合关系;引入模糊函数的概念对超宽带雷达一维、二维模糊函数进行了深入分析,开创性地对无限脉冲测速、有限脉冲测速两种情形推导了其解析表达式,并对其物理本质进行了探讨分析;独到地引入时间延迟因子推导出了时域冲激雷达方程,结合时域冲激雷达方程指出了理想的时域最优接收机的概念。
接着分别对超宽带冲激雷达发射机设计、接收机设计进行了系统介绍和深入分析。对超宽带冲激雷达发射机、接收机基本参数进行了规范定义;设计出了系列高稳定度脉冲子源;分析研究了开环相干合成理论,设计实现了4兆瓦、30兆瓦全固态高稳定度相干合成纳秒脉冲源;分析指出了冲激脉冲信号的时域最优相关接收机模型及其基本性能;设计实现了冲激脉冲的前沿检测接收机和正交解调接收机。
文章对超宽带冲激雷达信号处理算法进行了系统分析和介绍。基于脉冲回波时域特征识选及添加软波门的思路,提出了时域射频抑制算法和双门限积累检测算法;基于脉冲回波与杂波之间斜率特征差异,提出了适合于更低信杂比的时域滤斜-杂波抑制算法。
最后介绍了中远程超宽带冲激雷达实验样机及其外场实验结果。
The hopeful potential of UWB (Ultra Wideband) impulse radar is attracting many scholar and researchers to devote into its study, and a new technical revolution in radar field is coming maybe. In this paper, theory and test of impulse radar system, especially which's on mid/long-range, are discussed.
Theory of target detection for an impulse radar system is analyzed minutely. Firstly, an expression is given to describe the impulse's waveform spreading effect by target's moving, and measurement principles of range, velocity, and angle, are discussed. Then, couplings among measurement's fields of impulse radar are mentioned, and the ambiguous functions of one or two dimensions are remarked exactly. Moreover, the analytic expressions, for both infinite and finite number of pulses, are deducted originally, and their physics essences are pointed out. Furthermore, the impulse radar equation in time domain is derived from using a time delay factor particularly, and according as the equation, the model of ideal optimized correlation receiver in time domain is explored out.
Both transmitter and receiver of impulse radar are analyzed deeply. Firstly, the basic parameters of them are defined strictly. Then, sub-sources with high stability are designed out, theory of pulse sources' open-loop synchronization and synthesis is studied, and a series of full-solid high-stability pulse sources with 4 or 30 MW peak power are realized, using synchronization and synthesis technology. Similarly, the model and performance of the ideal optimized correlation receiver in time domain is discussed, and a series of receivers realized, including both leading-edge detector and quadrature demodulation receiver.
Some signal processing algorithms for impulse radar are introduced. Based on the thought of distinguishing time-domain feature and adding software wave-gate, algorithms of both time domain RFI suppression and double-threshold recognizing detection are pointed out. Based on the slope difference between echo and clutter or RFI, a Time-Domain Slope-Filter Clutter Suppression (TDSF-CS) is explored out, which is fitter for lower SNR.
Finally, a prototype of mid/long-range impulse radar and its outdoor test are shown.
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