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导墙流激振动研究及结构优化
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摘要
高水头大流量泄洪消能、流固耦联作用或高速水流诱发水工结构振动是近些年我国大型水利工程建设中特别受人关注的问题。本文从工程实际需要出发,以解决工程问题为目的,研究高水头大流量泄洪水流的运动规律,特别是对高速水流产生的水动力荷载,及其和水工建筑物的相互作用,进行了理论计算、模型试验等研究工作。
    本文以金沙江向家坝水电站为背景,以消力池导墙为研究对象,主要研究流
    激振动及响应问题。主要成果如下:
    建立水力学模型,测得连续坎和高低坎时作用在导墙上的荷载,研究
    荷载的幅值特性、频谱特性,并进行对比分析;
    对导墙进行模态分析,得到导墙的模态和振型;
    以水流整体荷载为激励条件,进行导墙数值动力响应计算;
    进行水弹性模型振动响应试验,测得结构实测动位移和动应力响应,
    并与理论值相互比较;
    对遗传算法的基本理论和方法进行了简单介绍,并运用遗传算法,对
    导墙进行体型优化设计;
    本文的部分成果将应用于生产实际,其中的研究方法对其他类型的流激振动问题也具有一定的参考价值。
The vibration of the hydraulic structure caused by discharged flood energy dissipation 、fluid-structure interaction and high-speed flow are concerned problem of hydraulic engineering constructions in our country in recent years. In this paper, based on the actual need of engineering project,in order to solve the problem of project,the motion law of discharged flood was studied ,especially the hydrodynamic loads and the interaction with the hydraulic structure ,finally the theoretical calculation and the modal experiment were done.
    In this paper,the case of Xiangjiaba Project on Jinsha River was taken as background information,the guide walls in stilling basin were taken as study object,the flow-induced structure dynamical response of guide walls were studied。The main conclusions can be gained as follows:
    (1) Based on the hydraulic model experiment of guide walls in stilling basin,the peak value and the spectrum of loads on the guide walls are studied and compared;
    (2) The compound modal were analyzed,and the structure frequency and the
    shape of vibration were gained;
    (3) Taking the testing the uplift on slab as load,we calculated the flow-induced
    structure dynamical response in the mathematical model;
    (4) Based on the hydrodynamic-elasticity model with the mode scale,
    the dynamic displacement and the stress of the test were gained. The theoretical results and the testing results were compared;
    (5) Some theories and methods about Genetic Algorithms have been introduced
    simply, the shapes of guide walls have been optimized by the genetic algorithm;
    The research achievements in the thesis can be applied to the actual engineering, and the research method also can provide certain reference value to other kinds of flow-induced vibration problems.
引文
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