技术创新对我国白色家电产业竞争力的影响研究
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摘要
1998以来,我国家电市场上产品普遍供过于求,大约一半的工业企业生产能力只能发挥60%,资源大量闲置,同时,家电市场内恶性竞争严重,大打价格战,严重阻碍了行业的正常发展。因此,不论是调整和优化产业结构还是培育未来新的增长点,都需要企业寻找新的发展模式,这些都有赖于科技水平和创新能力的提高。因此,必须加强企业的技术创新,建立适合技术创新的环境。
本文通过对白色家电行业的现状及特征等进行系统化分析,从世界家电格局和需求入手,分析我国白色家电行业的发展现状,总结出我国白色家电行业目前在技术创新方面的成果和不足,运用后二次创新模型,A-U产业创新动态过程模型,案例分析,比较研究,数据分析等方法探究技术创新对我国白色家电行业走出发展瓶颈,培育产业竞争力的促进作用。从生产能力,成本控制和生产效率方面体现技术创新对白色家电行业生产竞争力提高的促进作用;从技术创新的两个渠道:技术引进和自主创新来研究技术创新对白色家电行业市场竞争力提高的促进作用;用后二次创新模型分析企业跨国投资中的技术创新,以海尔集团跨国投资为例,说明技术创新对培养跨国投资能力的促进作用。
本文研究表明:我国白色家电行业的健康发展离不开持续的技术创新,技术创新使得白色家电行业的生产竞争力,市场竞争力,跨国投资能力得以提高。所以行业和企业只有对技术创新产生足够重视,在实际运营过程中发挥技术创新的优势,有效提高企业生产能力,压缩成本,提高生产效率;才能使企业在多变的市场环境中占领有效的市场分额;在海外扩张的进程中,满足全球市场的客户需求。
Since 1998, China's household appliance market stuffed an over supply period, about half of the industry exerted only 60% of production capacity, a large number of idle resources, and the Appliance Market involved in vicious competition, feverish price war, it seriously embarrassed to the normal development of the industry. Therefore, whether to adjust or optimize the industrial structure is to train a new growth point in economic construction,many deep-seated contradictions and problems need to be solved, these enterprises need to find a new model of development, it finally depends on the level of science and technological and innovation capability. Therefore, we must strengthen the technological innovation of enterprises, to establish a suitable environment for technological innovation.
Based on the white household appliance industry status and characteristics of a systematic analysis of the world situation and needs, this article analysis the white household appliance industry in China's development status, has summed up a white household appliance industry in the technological innovation achievements and shortcomings, and the uses of secondary innovation model, A-U industrial innovation dynamic process model, case studies, comparative studies, data analysis methods to research technological innovation of our white household appliances out of the development bottleneck, foster the competitiveness of industries facilitating role. From the production, cost control and production efficiency of technological innovation embodied white household appliances production increased competition for the role; from the two channels of technological innovation : introduction of technology innovation and independent technical innovation of a white household appliances market to enhance competition ability ;use posterior secondary innovation model of transnational investment enterprises in technological innovation, Haier Group’s transnational investment, as an example, to foster the promotion role of technological innovation ability to transnational investment.
This paper shows that: the healthy development of China white household appliance industries is depending on continuing technological innovation, technological innovation makes white household appliances have production competitiveness and market competitiveness, the ability of transnational investment can be enhanced. Therefore, while industries and enterprises pay enough attention to technological innovation, in the actual business processes play advantages of technological innovation, improve business productivity, reduce costs, increasing production efficiency; can enable enterprises in volatile market environment occupant effective market shares; in the process of overseas expansion, to meet the global market demand of the customers.
本文通过对白色家电行业的现状及特征等进行系统化分析,从世界家电格局和需求入手,分析我国白色家电行业的发展现状,总结出我国白色家电行业目前在技术创新方面的成果和不足,运用后二次创新模型,A-U产业创新动态过程模型,案例分析,比较研究,数据分析等方法探究技术创新对我国白色家电行业走出发展瓶颈,培育产业竞争力的促进作用。从生产能力,成本控制和生产效率方面体现技术创新对白色家电行业生产竞争力提高的促进作用;从技术创新的两个渠道:技术引进和自主创新来研究技术创新对白色家电行业市场竞争力提高的促进作用;用后二次创新模型分析企业跨国投资中的技术创新,以海尔集团跨国投资为例,说明技术创新对培养跨国投资能力的促进作用。
本文研究表明:我国白色家电行业的健康发展离不开持续的技术创新,技术创新使得白色家电行业的生产竞争力,市场竞争力,跨国投资能力得以提高。所以行业和企业只有对技术创新产生足够重视,在实际运营过程中发挥技术创新的优势,有效提高企业生产能力,压缩成本,提高生产效率;才能使企业在多变的市场环境中占领有效的市场分额;在海外扩张的进程中,满足全球市场的客户需求。
Since 1998, China's household appliance market stuffed an over supply period, about half of the industry exerted only 60% of production capacity, a large number of idle resources, and the Appliance Market involved in vicious competition, feverish price war, it seriously embarrassed to the normal development of the industry. Therefore, whether to adjust or optimize the industrial structure is to train a new growth point in economic construction,many deep-seated contradictions and problems need to be solved, these enterprises need to find a new model of development, it finally depends on the level of science and technological and innovation capability. Therefore, we must strengthen the technological innovation of enterprises, to establish a suitable environment for technological innovation.
Based on the white household appliance industry status and characteristics of a systematic analysis of the world situation and needs, this article analysis the white household appliance industry in China's development status, has summed up a white household appliance industry in the technological innovation achievements and shortcomings, and the uses of secondary innovation model, A-U industrial innovation dynamic process model, case studies, comparative studies, data analysis methods to research technological innovation of our white household appliances out of the development bottleneck, foster the competitiveness of industries facilitating role. From the production, cost control and production efficiency of technological innovation embodied white household appliances production increased competition for the role; from the two channels of technological innovation : introduction of technology innovation and independent technical innovation of a white household appliances market to enhance competition ability ;use posterior secondary innovation model of transnational investment enterprises in technological innovation, Haier Group’s transnational investment, as an example, to foster the promotion role of technological innovation ability to transnational investment.
This paper shows that: the healthy development of China white household appliance industries is depending on continuing technological innovation, technological innovation makes white household appliances have production competitiveness and market competitiveness, the ability of transnational investment can be enhanced. Therefore, while industries and enterprises pay enough attention to technological innovation, in the actual business processes play advantages of technological innovation, improve business productivity, reduce costs, increasing production efficiency; can enable enterprises in volatile market environment occupant effective market shares; in the process of overseas expansion, to meet the global market demand of the customers.
引文
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[2]曹玲玲.国际贸易与技术进步.天津财经大学硕士论文,2004:36
[3]陈恒.发展中国家跨国公司技术创新模式研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2003:46-47,96-101
[4]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估.上海:上海统计,2002(9):19-20
[5]高健.中国企业技术创新分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1997:211-219
[6]国家计委宏观经济研究院产业发展研究所课题组.我国产业国际竞争力评价理论与方法研究.宏观经济研究, 2001(07)
[7]国家知识产权局网站www.sipo.gov.cn
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[9]金成益(韩).出口稳定下的持续增长.韩国全国经济人联会,2003
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[12]刘国亮,薛欣欣.比较优势、竞争优势与区域产业竞争力评价.产业经济研,2004(3):12-15
[13]倪义芳,吴晓波.论企业管理战略思想的演变.经济管理,2001
[14]尚小辉.技术创新与“国际贸易可持续发展”相关性研究.北京:北京工业大学硕士论文,2003
[15]盛世豪.产业竞争论.杭州:杭州大学出版社,1999:78-82
[16]苏丹.跨国公司对华直接投资与中国技术进步.黑龙江对外经贸,2003(7):46
[17]苏利.海尔技术创新机制研究.中国海洋大学校报,2006(12)
[18]童书兴.亚洲四小技术创新及其启示.国际技术经济研究,2000(1):43-51
[19]王春法.经济全球化背景下的科技竞争之路.北京:经济科学出版社,2000:356-369页
[20]王殿举,齐二石.技术创新导论.天津:天津大学出版社,2003:99
[21]王洪.西方创新理论的新发展.天津:天津师范大学学报社会科学版,2002
[22]夏承禹.论企业技术创新的难点与对策.北京:中国科技论坛,1997(5):21-24
[23]颜建军,胡泳.海尔中国造.海口:海南出版社,2001:292-293
[24]杨成志,刘延彤.企业专利战略与企业技术创新.青岛:青岛科技,2004(1):27
[25]杨慧美.家电行业现状.商业观察,1998(2):18-19
[26]杨武.技术创新产权.北京:清华大学出版社,2000:196
[27]张超.提升产业竞争力的理论与对策探微.北京:宏观经济研究,2001(5):13-17
[28]张桂林.国家知识产权局优秀专利调查研究报告集.北京:知识产权出版社,2000
[29]赵陵,宋少华.中国出口导向型经济增长的经验分析,北京:世界经济:2001
[30]中国经济报刊网www.jjbk.cn
[31] Aliber. A Theory of Direct Foreign Investment. The Theory of Transnational Corporation. Rutledge,1993
[32] Belderbos, Rene. Overseas innovations by Japanese firms: an analysis of patent and ubsidiary data. Research Policy,2001(30):313-332
[33] Coe,D.E, and E.Helpman. International R&D Spillovers. European Economic Review,1995(39):859-887
[34] David Romer. Advanced Macroeconomics. Gary Burker:Quebecor Printing Book Group/Fairfield,2001:120-130
[35] Ernst, Holger. Patent information for strategic technology management. World Patent,2003(25):233-242
[36] Helpman, Elhanan. R&D and Productivity: the International Connection. NBER Working Paper W6106,1997
[37] Henry Wai-chung Yeung and Kris Olds. The Globalisation of Chinese BusinessFirms. Macmillan,2000:1-28
[38] Kingston, William. Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy,2001(30): 403-423
[39] Linsu Kim .Stages of development of industrial technology in a developing country:a model. Research Policy .1980(3):254-277
[40] ME Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Nueva York: The Free Press,1990:211
[41] Solow. Technology Change and Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics,1957
[42] Swan. The International Diffusion of Innovation. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1973(22): 61-69
[43]Tommaso Perez. Multinational Enterprises and Technological Spillovers. Harwood Academic Publisher, 1998: 45-49
[2]曹玲玲.国际贸易与技术进步.天津财经大学硕士论文,2004:36
[3]陈恒.发展中国家跨国公司技术创新模式研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2003:46-47,96-101
[4]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估.上海:上海统计,2002(9):19-20
[5]高健.中国企业技术创新分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1997:211-219
[6]国家计委宏观经济研究院产业发展研究所课题组.我国产业国际竞争力评价理论与方法研究.宏观经济研究, 2001(07)
[7]国家知识产权局网站www.sipo.gov.cn
[8]金碚.中国产业国际竞争力——理论、方法与实证研究.北京:经济管理出版社,1997:99-101
[9]金成益(韩).出口稳定下的持续增长.韩国全国经济人联会,2003
[10]李东阳.国际直接投资与经济发展.北京:经济科学出版社,2002:231
[11]李京文.技术进步与经济效益.北京:中国财政出版社,1988:157-160
[12]刘国亮,薛欣欣.比较优势、竞争优势与区域产业竞争力评价.产业经济研,2004(3):12-15
[13]倪义芳,吴晓波.论企业管理战略思想的演变.经济管理,2001
[14]尚小辉.技术创新与“国际贸易可持续发展”相关性研究.北京:北京工业大学硕士论文,2003
[15]盛世豪.产业竞争论.杭州:杭州大学出版社,1999:78-82
[16]苏丹.跨国公司对华直接投资与中国技术进步.黑龙江对外经贸,2003(7):46
[17]苏利.海尔技术创新机制研究.中国海洋大学校报,2006(12)
[18]童书兴.亚洲四小技术创新及其启示.国际技术经济研究,2000(1):43-51
[19]王春法.经济全球化背景下的科技竞争之路.北京:经济科学出版社,2000:356-369页
[20]王殿举,齐二石.技术创新导论.天津:天津大学出版社,2003:99
[21]王洪.西方创新理论的新发展.天津:天津师范大学学报社会科学版,2002
[22]夏承禹.论企业技术创新的难点与对策.北京:中国科技论坛,1997(5):21-24
[23]颜建军,胡泳.海尔中国造.海口:海南出版社,2001:292-293
[24]杨成志,刘延彤.企业专利战略与企业技术创新.青岛:青岛科技,2004(1):27
[25]杨慧美.家电行业现状.商业观察,1998(2):18-19
[26]杨武.技术创新产权.北京:清华大学出版社,2000:196
[27]张超.提升产业竞争力的理论与对策探微.北京:宏观经济研究,2001(5):13-17
[28]张桂林.国家知识产权局优秀专利调查研究报告集.北京:知识产权出版社,2000
[29]赵陵,宋少华.中国出口导向型经济增长的经验分析,北京:世界经济:2001
[30]中国经济报刊网www.jjbk.cn
[31] Aliber. A Theory of Direct Foreign Investment. The Theory of Transnational Corporation. Rutledge,1993
[32] Belderbos, Rene. Overseas innovations by Japanese firms: an analysis of patent and ubsidiary data. Research Policy,2001(30):313-332
[33] Coe,D.E, and E.Helpman. International R&D Spillovers. European Economic Review,1995(39):859-887
[34] David Romer. Advanced Macroeconomics. Gary Burker:Quebecor Printing Book Group/Fairfield,2001:120-130
[35] Ernst, Holger. Patent information for strategic technology management. World Patent,2003(25):233-242
[36] Helpman, Elhanan. R&D and Productivity: the International Connection. NBER Working Paper W6106,1997
[37] Henry Wai-chung Yeung and Kris Olds. The Globalisation of Chinese BusinessFirms. Macmillan,2000:1-28
[38] Kingston, William. Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy,2001(30): 403-423
[39] Linsu Kim .Stages of development of industrial technology in a developing country:a model. Research Policy .1980(3):254-277
[40] ME Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Nueva York: The Free Press,1990:211
[41] Solow. Technology Change and Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics,1957
[42] Swan. The International Diffusion of Innovation. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1973(22): 61-69
[43]Tommaso Perez. Multinational Enterprises and Technological Spillovers. Harwood Academic Publisher, 1998: 45-49