FDI对中国制造业市场结构的影响
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摘要
随着FDI在中国投资规模日益扩大,在各行业市场份额的不断增加,社会各界开始关注FDI在中国产业中是否会形成垄断这一问题。2006年中国将结束加入世贸组织的过渡期,更大范围更大程度地对外资开放,该问题显得犹为紧迫。FDI对市场结构的影响关系到中国经济转轨过程中产业组织的优化、产业的发展、产业竞争力的提高乃至产业结构的调整诸方面。无论是从理论方面或者是从现实角度,研究FDI对中国市场结构影响都具有重要的意义。由于FDI在我国主要分布于制造业,所以本文选择FDI对中国制造业的影响作为研究对象,基本内容概括如下:
首先,本文构建了一个理论分析框架,对FDI影响中国制造业市场结构的内在机理做出了解释,为FDI在中国市场上形成、发挥竞争优势提供了理论依据。FDI对中国制造业市场结构产生影响有其特殊性,在国内市场容量不断增加这一背景下,这些特殊性主要归结为FDI企业的竞争优势明显和国内市场结构脆弱两个方面。FDI通过改变所有制结构间接实现对市场结构的影响。
其次,本文从FDI的进退出方式以及行为这两个层面,着力解释了FDI是如何影响中国制造业市场结构的。FDI不同的进入方式以及FDI在组建企业时形成的的不同股权模式对市场结构的影响均不同。FDI的退出也会引起市场结构的变化。FDI开拓市场所采取的一系列竞争行为——如价格行为、技术创新行为、广告及营销行为等——也对市场结构产生不同的影响。总之,市场结构的变化是FDI进入与退出方式以及竞争行为等因素共同作用的结果。市场结构的变化间接对产业结构产生作用。
再次,本文通过对啤酒业和轿车业两个代表性产业的实证分析,考察了FDI作用于市场结构的方式、行为以及FDI对市场结构的实际影响结果。在FDI的影响下,以轿车业为代表的政府管制行业,其市场结构正在由行政垄断向垄断竞争转变;以啤酒业为代表的非管制行业,其市场结构正在由低效率分散竞争的市场结构向垄断竞争的市场结构转变。在此基础上,本文还对FDI持续进入情况下市场结构的进一步变化做出了预测,对FDI影响两个产业市场结构的绩效进行了评价。
最后,得出本文的结论:FDI在中国的进入符合“寡占反应”理论;FDI对政府管制行业和非政府管制行业市场结构的影响不同;FDI在中国市场上并未形成垄断,但存在一定的消极效应,即FDI的进入并没有同时促进先进技术向中国的转移,且在进入过程中造成中国企业自有品牌等无形资产的流失,强化了中国制造业处于国际产业链低附加值环节的境况等。需要从竞争政策、引
With the expansion of FDI in China and its market-share increase in each industry, whether or not FDI will monopolize China's industries has struck the attention of all walks of life in society. In 2006, China will end its transit period after its access into WTO. It's a must for China to be more open to FDI in wider areas. During China's economic transfer, FDI will exert its great influence on China's market structure in such areas as industrial organization's optimization, industrial development, industrial competition and industrial structure adjustment. Therefore, it's of great significance to carry out research on FDI's influence on China's market structure both theoretically and pragmatically. Since FDI in China concentrates on manufacturing industry, this dissertation focuses on FDI's influence on China's manufacturing industry. The content of this dissertation is as below.Firstly, it sets up an analytical framework to explain the mechanism of how FDI influences China's manufacturing market structure. It provides theoretical proofs for both the entry of FDI into China's market and its competitive advantages. This dissertation points out that FDI's influence on China's manufacturing industry's market structure has some special features. With the background that domestic market capacity is on the rise, these special features include the distinctive comparative competitive advantage of those FDI enterprises and the fragility of domestic market structure. In addition, this dissertation asserts that the entry of FDI leads to the change in China's system of ownership. And the change of China's system of ownership caused by FDI influence the market structure indirectly.Secondly, this dissertation makes analysis of both the ways of FDI's entry & exit and its competitive behavior to explain FDI how to influence China's manufacturing market structure. Different ways of FDI's entry & exit and different stock- right modes exert different influence on market structure. FDI's exit of the market can also cause the change of market structure. In the process of market expansion, FDI conducts such competitive activities as pricing, technical innovation, advertising and marketing. All the activities influence market structure. The change of market structure is a result of the combination of such factors as ways of FDI's entry and exit, competitive activities and other factors.
首先,本文构建了一个理论分析框架,对FDI影响中国制造业市场结构的内在机理做出了解释,为FDI在中国市场上形成、发挥竞争优势提供了理论依据。FDI对中国制造业市场结构产生影响有其特殊性,在国内市场容量不断增加这一背景下,这些特殊性主要归结为FDI企业的竞争优势明显和国内市场结构脆弱两个方面。FDI通过改变所有制结构间接实现对市场结构的影响。
其次,本文从FDI的进退出方式以及行为这两个层面,着力解释了FDI是如何影响中国制造业市场结构的。FDI不同的进入方式以及FDI在组建企业时形成的的不同股权模式对市场结构的影响均不同。FDI的退出也会引起市场结构的变化。FDI开拓市场所采取的一系列竞争行为——如价格行为、技术创新行为、广告及营销行为等——也对市场结构产生不同的影响。总之,市场结构的变化是FDI进入与退出方式以及竞争行为等因素共同作用的结果。市场结构的变化间接对产业结构产生作用。
再次,本文通过对啤酒业和轿车业两个代表性产业的实证分析,考察了FDI作用于市场结构的方式、行为以及FDI对市场结构的实际影响结果。在FDI的影响下,以轿车业为代表的政府管制行业,其市场结构正在由行政垄断向垄断竞争转变;以啤酒业为代表的非管制行业,其市场结构正在由低效率分散竞争的市场结构向垄断竞争的市场结构转变。在此基础上,本文还对FDI持续进入情况下市场结构的进一步变化做出了预测,对FDI影响两个产业市场结构的绩效进行了评价。
最后,得出本文的结论:FDI在中国的进入符合“寡占反应”理论;FDI对政府管制行业和非政府管制行业市场结构的影响不同;FDI在中国市场上并未形成垄断,但存在一定的消极效应,即FDI的进入并没有同时促进先进技术向中国的转移,且在进入过程中造成中国企业自有品牌等无形资产的流失,强化了中国制造业处于国际产业链低附加值环节的境况等。需要从竞争政策、引
With the expansion of FDI in China and its market-share increase in each industry, whether or not FDI will monopolize China's industries has struck the attention of all walks of life in society. In 2006, China will end its transit period after its access into WTO. It's a must for China to be more open to FDI in wider areas. During China's economic transfer, FDI will exert its great influence on China's market structure in such areas as industrial organization's optimization, industrial development, industrial competition and industrial structure adjustment. Therefore, it's of great significance to carry out research on FDI's influence on China's market structure both theoretically and pragmatically. Since FDI in China concentrates on manufacturing industry, this dissertation focuses on FDI's influence on China's manufacturing industry. The content of this dissertation is as below.Firstly, it sets up an analytical framework to explain the mechanism of how FDI influences China's manufacturing market structure. It provides theoretical proofs for both the entry of FDI into China's market and its competitive advantages. This dissertation points out that FDI's influence on China's manufacturing industry's market structure has some special features. With the background that domestic market capacity is on the rise, these special features include the distinctive comparative competitive advantage of those FDI enterprises and the fragility of domestic market structure. In addition, this dissertation asserts that the entry of FDI leads to the change in China's system of ownership. And the change of China's system of ownership caused by FDI influence the market structure indirectly.Secondly, this dissertation makes analysis of both the ways of FDI's entry & exit and its competitive behavior to explain FDI how to influence China's manufacturing market structure. Different ways of FDI's entry & exit and different stock- right modes exert different influence on market structure. FDI's exit of the market can also cause the change of market structure. In the process of market expansion, FDI conducts such competitive activities as pricing, technical innovation, advertising and marketing. All the activities influence market structure. The change of market structure is a result of the combination of such factors as ways of FDI's entry and exit, competitive activities and other factors.
引文
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