三维可视化集成矿山地测采信息系统研究
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摘要
论文针对当前矿山地测采信息系统开发和应用中存在的问题,结合矿山实际需要,将可视化和集成化思想引入地测采信息系统的研究与开发,运用计算机图形学理论、地矿三维建模理论、MIS系统开发理论、三维可视化技术、智能识别技术及OpenGL技术,对矿山可视化地测采信息系统开发的基础问题及关键技术进行了深入的研究。
论文对当前矿山地测采信息系统的研究现状及存在的主要问题进行了分析。研究了矿山地测工作的一般数据流程,结合矿山生产实际需要,提出了三维可视化地测采信息系统的集成方案,根据功能分解原理,将系统划分为基础信息平台、综合查询平台及图形处理平台三大模块,各模块之间通过数据库及接口程序进行交互。
论文运用MIS系统开发理论、面向对象的系统分析与设计方法、构件技术、数据仓库技术、分布式应用体系结构与WebServices技术,结合矿山地测数据采集及处理流程,开发了一套基于C/B／S混合模式的地测信息管理系统,实现了地测数据的合理组织和有效管理,为矿山生产、规划决策提供了依据,同时为图形处理系统提供了基础数据。
通过对于矿山地质编录图件的三维空间数字化研究,论文建立了基于井下测量数据的巷道自动成图算法及矿脉编录数字化算法。针对目前国内尚无地质编录数字化软件的现状,运用计算机图形学原理、智能识别技术及数字素描导线定位线技术,研制了一套基于C#.NET交互式CAD技术的地质编录智能分析系统,实现了巷道地质编录图件的数字化及自动成图。
在分析传统矿区工程三维建模方法局限性的基础上,研究了地矿三维数据模型及数据结构的设计问题,提出了在真三维环境下,大型矿山复杂矿区工程三维立体模型的快速构建方法。在地形建模方面,引入了基于分形维数的地表插值算法,提出了改进的中点移位法结合矩形网格法的地形等值线推估算法,给出了基于三角网生长法的Delaunay子三角网构建方法及地形模型简化技术。在开拓系统建模方面,论文研究了巷道中心线加载断面的巷道生成算法,给出了巷道顶、底板表面模型的剖分连接方法,提出了巷道顶、底板合成与巷道或井筒中心线加载断面相结合的井下开拓工程三维建模方法。在岩性建模方面,给出了计算机结合经验解释进行岩性建模的方法,提出了岩性建模的一般推估过程。在矿体建模方面,给出了基于钻孔勘探线剖面图的矿体表面模型构造方法及矿体封闭方式,针对钻孔剖面圈连矿体对于薄矿脉或是极薄矿脉的不适用性,提出采用按中段矿脉来圈定矿体轮廓线的方式,采用分矿脉绘制的数字化试料平面图或中段地质平面图来进行实体模型的连接。针对传统块段建模方法所存在的缺陷,采用了八叉树结构来建立和表达块段模型,并在此基础上给出了八叉树与有向有界箱(OBB)树的相交测试算法。
针对传统储量计算方法存在的局限性,研究了基于无偏估计的克立格空间内插与外推方法,为了消除传统实验变异函数计算方法的不稳健因素,将稳健统计学引入到变异函数的计算中,提出了一种能有效反应实际的三维稳健克立格法,并给出了变异函数的拟合算法及变异函数参数的交叉验证方法。
研究开发了一套基于OpenGL可视化开发技术的矿山三维建模系统,实现了数据分析与管理、三维建模、储量计算与管理、图形辅助操作等功能。通过编制地测信息管理系统、地质编录智能分析系统及矿山三维建模系统之间的接口程序,实现了“地测数据一次性采集、实时传输共享、地测图件自动生成、三维可视化建模”的一体化集成。通过在矿山的实际应用,建立了某大型金矿的矿区工程三维实体模型,实现了地形、钻孔、中段巷道、开拓系统、矿体等模型的三维可视化显示；对于某铁矿山进行了矿床建模实践,在样品组合及统计分析的基础上,建立了岩性及矿体模型。通过变异函数分析,建立了铁元素矿床品位模型,并对储量进行了估算,计算结果与地质勘探报告上提供的数据基本相符。
Concerning the defects which exit in the current development and applications of geological survey and mining information system, the paper succeed in introducing the visualization and integrated thoughts into the researches and developments of geological survey and mining information system, in the light of the actual needs of mine. Moreover, the paper has conducted a further research for the basic problems and key technologies of visual geological survey and mining information system, via the applications of computer graphics theory, geological and mineral 3D modeling theory, MIS system development theory,3D visualization technology, intelligent recognition technology and the OpenGL technology.
The research status and prime problems of current geological survey and mining information system were analyzed in the paper. In the light of the actual needs of mine, the paper studied the general data flow in the mining geological survey, and proposed an integrated solution for the 3D visual geological survey and mining information system. According to the principle of function decomposition, the total system is divided into three modules, such as the basic information platform, the integrated search platform and the graphics processing platform which interact one another via database and interface programs.
Combined with the data acquisition and processing path in the mining geological survey, a set of geological survey and management system was developed based on C/B/S mixed mode using the MIS system development theory, object-oriented analysis and design method, component technology, database technology, distributed applications system structure and WebServices technology. The system enables the reasonable organization and an effective management of the geological survey data, also provides a foundation for the mining production, planning and decision, meanwhile, supplies the basic data for the graphics processing system.
Through the research on the 3D digitization of 2D geologic logging datum, the roadway automatic mapping algorithm and vein logging digital algorithm were established based on the survey data taken underground. Directed towards the vacancy application of geologic logging digital software interiorly, a set of geologic logging intelligent analysis system was invented using computer graphics theory, intelligent recognition technology and traverse positioning technology based on the CAD technology realized by C#.NET, and enables roadway geologic logging data to be digital and mapped-automatic.
On the basis of analyzed the limitation of 3D modeling method in traditional geological and mineral engineering, studied the design problems of geological and mineral data models, also the data structures, a rapid construction method of complex geological and mineral engineering 3D model of large-scale mine was proposed in the real 3D environment. In the aspect of terrain modeling, the surface interpolation algorithm was introduced based on fractal dimension. With above, the paper put forward the terrain isoline generation algorithm based on improved midpoint displacement method combined rectangular grid method, and presented the construction method of delaunay sub-triangulation network based on the triangulation growth method and simplified technology of terrain models. There was an effective research on the roadway generation algorithm of loading section of roadway on centerline in the paper, which introduced the dissection connection method of roadway roof and floor surface model, and proposed a new 3D modeling method of underground development projects, which related the combination with the synthesis of roadway roof and floor, and loading section of roadway on centerline. Through careful analysis, a method of lithology modeling was presented by computer combined with experience explain and a general estimate process of lithology modeling was brought forward. A construction method of mining surface models and the way ore body closes were proposed, based on the drilling exploration profiles. In view of drilling profile circle even ore body being not adaptable to the thin or the extremely thin veins, the paper proposed to delineate the ore body profiles according to level vein, and adopted the digital vein plan or level geology drawn, for the purpose of connecting the solid models. In order to reduce the data amount of geological block model and improve the speed and accuracy of modeling, a block model was used to subdivide the target area based on octree. An algorithm of the intersection test between octree and oriented bounding box (OBB) tree was given to improve the speed of modeling.
Aimed at the limitation of the traditional method of calculating reserves, the Kriging spatial interpolation and extrapolation methods were carefully studied in the paper. In order to eliminate the unstable factors of the method of traditional experimental variograms calculation, and to introduce stable statistics into the calculation of variograms, a kind of effective and stable 3D Kriging method was proposed. Moreover, it also presented the fitting algorithm of variograms and the cross-validation method of the parameters of variograms.
The research has developed a set of Mining 3D Modeling System based on OpenGL visual development technology, which enables the functions such as data analysis and management,3D modeling, reserves calculation and management, graphics auxiliary operation and so on. In the paper, an interface procedure was compiled among the geological survey information management system, the geologic logging intelligent analysis system and the Mining 3D Modeling System, which realised the "one-off acquisition of geological survey datum, real-time sharing of information transmission, automatic generation of geological survey graphics,3D visualization modeling" in an integrative way. Used in the mine practically,3D solid models for the geological and mining engineering were established in a certain large-scale gold mine, which realised 3D visual display, such as the models of terrain, drilling, level roadway, development system, orebody and so on. The deposit modeling has been practiced in a certain iron mine, with it, the paper established lithology and orebody models based on the statistical analysis and composition of samples. By analyzed variograms, the paper established grade model of iron and estimated the reserve, the calculating results were consistent to the data provided by the geological exploration report.
论文对当前矿山地测采信息系统的研究现状及存在的主要问题进行了分析。研究了矿山地测工作的一般数据流程,结合矿山生产实际需要,提出了三维可视化地测采信息系统的集成方案,根据功能分解原理,将系统划分为基础信息平台、综合查询平台及图形处理平台三大模块,各模块之间通过数据库及接口程序进行交互。
论文运用MIS系统开发理论、面向对象的系统分析与设计方法、构件技术、数据仓库技术、分布式应用体系结构与WebServices技术,结合矿山地测数据采集及处理流程,开发了一套基于C/B／S混合模式的地测信息管理系统,实现了地测数据的合理组织和有效管理,为矿山生产、规划决策提供了依据,同时为图形处理系统提供了基础数据。
通过对于矿山地质编录图件的三维空间数字化研究,论文建立了基于井下测量数据的巷道自动成图算法及矿脉编录数字化算法。针对目前国内尚无地质编录数字化软件的现状,运用计算机图形学原理、智能识别技术及数字素描导线定位线技术,研制了一套基于C#.NET交互式CAD技术的地质编录智能分析系统,实现了巷道地质编录图件的数字化及自动成图。
在分析传统矿区工程三维建模方法局限性的基础上,研究了地矿三维数据模型及数据结构的设计问题,提出了在真三维环境下,大型矿山复杂矿区工程三维立体模型的快速构建方法。在地形建模方面,引入了基于分形维数的地表插值算法,提出了改进的中点移位法结合矩形网格法的地形等值线推估算法,给出了基于三角网生长法的Delaunay子三角网构建方法及地形模型简化技术。在开拓系统建模方面,论文研究了巷道中心线加载断面的巷道生成算法,给出了巷道顶、底板表面模型的剖分连接方法,提出了巷道顶、底板合成与巷道或井筒中心线加载断面相结合的井下开拓工程三维建模方法。在岩性建模方面,给出了计算机结合经验解释进行岩性建模的方法,提出了岩性建模的一般推估过程。在矿体建模方面,给出了基于钻孔勘探线剖面图的矿体表面模型构造方法及矿体封闭方式,针对钻孔剖面圈连矿体对于薄矿脉或是极薄矿脉的不适用性,提出采用按中段矿脉来圈定矿体轮廓线的方式,采用分矿脉绘制的数字化试料平面图或中段地质平面图来进行实体模型的连接。针对传统块段建模方法所存在的缺陷,采用了八叉树结构来建立和表达块段模型,并在此基础上给出了八叉树与有向有界箱(OBB)树的相交测试算法。
针对传统储量计算方法存在的局限性,研究了基于无偏估计的克立格空间内插与外推方法,为了消除传统实验变异函数计算方法的不稳健因素,将稳健统计学引入到变异函数的计算中,提出了一种能有效反应实际的三维稳健克立格法,并给出了变异函数的拟合算法及变异函数参数的交叉验证方法。
研究开发了一套基于OpenGL可视化开发技术的矿山三维建模系统,实现了数据分析与管理、三维建模、储量计算与管理、图形辅助操作等功能。通过编制地测信息管理系统、地质编录智能分析系统及矿山三维建模系统之间的接口程序,实现了“地测数据一次性采集、实时传输共享、地测图件自动生成、三维可视化建模”的一体化集成。通过在矿山的实际应用,建立了某大型金矿的矿区工程三维实体模型,实现了地形、钻孔、中段巷道、开拓系统、矿体等模型的三维可视化显示；对于某铁矿山进行了矿床建模实践,在样品组合及统计分析的基础上,建立了岩性及矿体模型。通过变异函数分析,建立了铁元素矿床品位模型,并对储量进行了估算,计算结果与地质勘探报告上提供的数据基本相符。
Concerning the defects which exit in the current development and applications of geological survey and mining information system, the paper succeed in introducing the visualization and integrated thoughts into the researches and developments of geological survey and mining information system, in the light of the actual needs of mine. Moreover, the paper has conducted a further research for the basic problems and key technologies of visual geological survey and mining information system, via the applications of computer graphics theory, geological and mineral 3D modeling theory, MIS system development theory,3D visualization technology, intelligent recognition technology and the OpenGL technology.
The research status and prime problems of current geological survey and mining information system were analyzed in the paper. In the light of the actual needs of mine, the paper studied the general data flow in the mining geological survey, and proposed an integrated solution for the 3D visual geological survey and mining information system. According to the principle of function decomposition, the total system is divided into three modules, such as the basic information platform, the integrated search platform and the graphics processing platform which interact one another via database and interface programs.
Combined with the data acquisition and processing path in the mining geological survey, a set of geological survey and management system was developed based on C/B/S mixed mode using the MIS system development theory, object-oriented analysis and design method, component technology, database technology, distributed applications system structure and WebServices technology. The system enables the reasonable organization and an effective management of the geological survey data, also provides a foundation for the mining production, planning and decision, meanwhile, supplies the basic data for the graphics processing system.
Through the research on the 3D digitization of 2D geologic logging datum, the roadway automatic mapping algorithm and vein logging digital algorithm were established based on the survey data taken underground. Directed towards the vacancy application of geologic logging digital software interiorly, a set of geologic logging intelligent analysis system was invented using computer graphics theory, intelligent recognition technology and traverse positioning technology based on the CAD technology realized by C#.NET, and enables roadway geologic logging data to be digital and mapped-automatic.
On the basis of analyzed the limitation of 3D modeling method in traditional geological and mineral engineering, studied the design problems of geological and mineral data models, also the data structures, a rapid construction method of complex geological and mineral engineering 3D model of large-scale mine was proposed in the real 3D environment. In the aspect of terrain modeling, the surface interpolation algorithm was introduced based on fractal dimension. With above, the paper put forward the terrain isoline generation algorithm based on improved midpoint displacement method combined rectangular grid method, and presented the construction method of delaunay sub-triangulation network based on the triangulation growth method and simplified technology of terrain models. There was an effective research on the roadway generation algorithm of loading section of roadway on centerline in the paper, which introduced the dissection connection method of roadway roof and floor surface model, and proposed a new 3D modeling method of underground development projects, which related the combination with the synthesis of roadway roof and floor, and loading section of roadway on centerline. Through careful analysis, a method of lithology modeling was presented by computer combined with experience explain and a general estimate process of lithology modeling was brought forward. A construction method of mining surface models and the way ore body closes were proposed, based on the drilling exploration profiles. In view of drilling profile circle even ore body being not adaptable to the thin or the extremely thin veins, the paper proposed to delineate the ore body profiles according to level vein, and adopted the digital vein plan or level geology drawn, for the purpose of connecting the solid models. In order to reduce the data amount of geological block model and improve the speed and accuracy of modeling, a block model was used to subdivide the target area based on octree. An algorithm of the intersection test between octree and oriented bounding box (OBB) tree was given to improve the speed of modeling.
Aimed at the limitation of the traditional method of calculating reserves, the Kriging spatial interpolation and extrapolation methods were carefully studied in the paper. In order to eliminate the unstable factors of the method of traditional experimental variograms calculation, and to introduce stable statistics into the calculation of variograms, a kind of effective and stable 3D Kriging method was proposed. Moreover, it also presented the fitting algorithm of variograms and the cross-validation method of the parameters of variograms.
The research has developed a set of Mining 3D Modeling System based on OpenGL visual development technology, which enables the functions such as data analysis and management,3D modeling, reserves calculation and management, graphics auxiliary operation and so on. In the paper, an interface procedure was compiled among the geological survey information management system, the geologic logging intelligent analysis system and the Mining 3D Modeling System, which realised the "one-off acquisition of geological survey datum, real-time sharing of information transmission, automatic generation of geological survey graphics,3D visualization modeling" in an integrative way. Used in the mine practically,3D solid models for the geological and mining engineering were established in a certain large-scale gold mine, which realised 3D visual display, such as the models of terrain, drilling, level roadway, development system, orebody and so on. The deposit modeling has been practiced in a certain iron mine, with it, the paper established lithology and orebody models based on the statistical analysis and composition of samples. By analyzed variograms, the paper established grade model of iron and estimated the reserve, the calculating results were consistent to the data provided by the geological exploration report.
引文
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