富硒大豆蛋白的研制
摘要
以黄豆为富硒载体,采用喷淋和浸泡相结合的方式添加不同浓度的硒溶液,通过黄豆的发芽过程实现对硒元素的生物富集,制备出富硒黄豆芽并采用等电沉淀法从富硒黄豆芽中分离得到富硒大豆蛋白。并采用荧光分光光度法和静置浸出离心法分别对样品中的总硒和有机硒含量进行分析,从而研究不同硒溶液浓度和富硒时间对黄豆发芽过程中生物富硒能力的影响。结果表明:硒培养液的浓度及培养时间对黄豆芽富硒量起决定因素,当硒培养液浓度为10μg·mL~(-1)、培养时间为120h时富硒效果最佳,制备出的富硒黄豆芽粉富硒量为42.46μg·g~(-1),分离出的富硒大豆蛋白富硒量为21.24μg·g~(-1)。
利用稀土元素对生物体具有特殊生物效应的功能将稀土元素作为一种富硒促进剂,提高黄豆芽富硒量。本课题选取三种不同的稀土元素(La、Nd、Ce),按不同浓度添加到硒培养液中制备出稀土富硒黄豆芽,并进一步分离出稀土富硒大豆蛋白。测定结果表明:稀土元素能够提高黄豆芽的富硒能力,从而提高黄豆芽中的总硒和有机硒含量,以及富硒蛋白的硒含量,但其影响作用因添加的稀土元素的种类和浓度的不同而存在一定的差异。对其能力影响最强的稀土元素是La,其次是Nd,影响最弱的是Ce。当La的浓度小于6μg·mL~(-1)时,稀土对黄豆芽富硒能力有明显的促进作用,且随浓度增加促进能力增强;当La浓度大于7μg·mL~(-1)时,稀土对黄豆芽富硒量呈明显的抑制作用。La浓度在6μg·mL~(-1)时,对黄豆芽富硒的促进作用最明显,制备出的稀土富硒黄豆芽粉总硒含量为65.83μg·g~(-1),比未添加稀土的富硒豆芽中总硒含量提高了55.06%,分离出的稀土富硒大豆蛋白中硒含量也比未添加前提高了23.02%,为26.13μg·g~(-1)。
通过对制备出的富硒大豆蛋白进行红外光谱扫描及氨基酸组分分析,结果表明:分离出的富硒蛋白中的硒元素并不是被简单的包裹在蛋白结构中,而是与蛋白分子相结合形成了稳定的化合物,并且富硒蛋白中氨基酸总量有明显提高,比普通大豆蛋白提高了18.86%,其中谷氨酸的含量提高最为显著,大约提高了35.54%。同时稀土对提高蛋白质中氨基酸总量也具有促进作用。对富硒大豆蛋白进行抗氧化活性分析结果表明,富硒大豆蛋白清除羟自由基和超氧自由基的能力都有所提高,尤其对超氧自由基(·O_2~-)的清除率更为显著。
对稀土富硒豆芽和富硒蛋白中的稀土含量进行了分析,结果表明,稀土富硒黄豆芽中的稀土含量与所添加的稀土浓度成正比关系,当添加的稀土La浓度为7μg·mL~(-1)时,富硒黄豆芽中以及提出的富硒蛋白中的稀土含量都最高,豆芽中为30.35μg·g~(-1),蛋白中为45.37μg·g~(-1);远低于人体对稀土的最高耐受量12mg·d~(-1)～120mg·d~(-1)。由此可知,稀土可以作为生产富硒大豆蛋白的一种安全而且有效的富硒促进剂,在食品领域中具有广阔的应用前景。
This study took the soybean as raw carrier. Enrich selenium in it by treating soybean with selenium solution of different concentrations and by way of soaking and spraying. Biological accumulation of selenium was realize during the process of soybean sprouting, The protein of selenium-enriched soybean sprouts is isolated from the selenium-enriched soybean sprouts by the method of alkali-solution and acid-isolation. And content of total selenium were determined by using a fluormetric method; the content of organic selenium is analyzed by the method of still-placed and oozing-out the inorganic selenium. The effect of selenium applied at different levels including different concentration and cultivation time on the ability to accumulate selenium during the soybean germinated was studied. The result indicates that Se concentration and cultivation time have determinant effect on the content of selenium enriched in soybean sprouts. The optimum content of total selenium in soybean sprouts is 42.46μg/g. Se content of soybean proteins extracted is 21.24μg/g. When treated with 10μg/ml selenium solution in soybean sprouts and cultivation time is 120h.
REE as selenium-enriched accelerant was utilized for improving Se accumulation in the soybean sprouts because of outstanding biology function. In this paper, The REE selenium-enriched soybean sprouts were prepared by adding different concentrations of rare earth La3+、Ce3+、Nd3+ into different concentrations of selenium cultivation solution and The REE selenium-enriched soybean proteins was isolated, determine result show that REE can promote ability of soybean sprouts to absorb Se and increase the content of total selenium and organic selenium, but the impact of different rare earth element has discrepancy upon the kind and concentration of REE. The most effective rare earth element is La. Next is Nd, last is Ce. The result indicates that La3+ promotes the uptake of selenium in the soybean sprouts and Se organic degree at low concentrations. Content of total selenium and organic selenium in selenium-enriched soybean sprouts were both raised gradually when the concentrations of La3+ is below 6μg/ml, but decreased when the concentrations of La3+are above 7μg/ml. The same trend occur to Se content of the protein components extracted from Selenium-enriched Soybean sprouts treated with La3+. The highest Se content 65.83μg·g~(-1) and Se content of protein 26.13μg·g~(-1) were all observed at concentrations 6μg·mL~(-1) La3+, which was respectively increased by 55.06% and 23.02% as apposed to that from soybean sprouts treated without La3+.
Data from Infrared spectrum scanning and Analysis of Amino Acids constituents show that Se of Selenium-enriched protein was found to be incorporated chemically into the protein structure rather than being bound physically to cell wall. And total content of amino acids in proteins extracts was increased by 18.86% as opposed to that from common soybean sprouts; especially content of glutamic acid was remarkably increased by 35.54 %. Furthermore, REE can further increase the total content of amino acids in the soybean sprouts. Antioxidant analysis shows that ability of selenium-enriched proteins to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals was increased effectively, especially for the superoxide radicals.
The content of rare earth is analyzed. And the data indicates that the contents of rare earth in the samples increase with the increase of the concentration of rare earth added in the cultivation solution. When the concentrations of rare earth added in the soybean sprouts is 7μg·mL~(-1), the highest content of rare earth in the soybean sprouts and protein is 30.35μg·g~(-1) and 45.37μg·g~(-1) respectively, Which are both below the tolerable upper intake level of rare earth for adults12mg·d~(-1)～120mg·d~(-1). In general, rare earth is an effective and safe selenium-enriched accelerant for soybean protein and of expansive application foreground in food field.
利用稀土元素对生物体具有特殊生物效应的功能将稀土元素作为一种富硒促进剂,提高黄豆芽富硒量。本课题选取三种不同的稀土元素(La、Nd、Ce),按不同浓度添加到硒培养液中制备出稀土富硒黄豆芽,并进一步分离出稀土富硒大豆蛋白。测定结果表明:稀土元素能够提高黄豆芽的富硒能力,从而提高黄豆芽中的总硒和有机硒含量,以及富硒蛋白的硒含量,但其影响作用因添加的稀土元素的种类和浓度的不同而存在一定的差异。对其能力影响最强的稀土元素是La,其次是Nd,影响最弱的是Ce。当La的浓度小于6μg·mL~(-1)时,稀土对黄豆芽富硒能力有明显的促进作用,且随浓度增加促进能力增强;当La浓度大于7μg·mL~(-1)时,稀土对黄豆芽富硒量呈明显的抑制作用。La浓度在6μg·mL~(-1)时,对黄豆芽富硒的促进作用最明显,制备出的稀土富硒黄豆芽粉总硒含量为65.83μg·g~(-1),比未添加稀土的富硒豆芽中总硒含量提高了55.06%,分离出的稀土富硒大豆蛋白中硒含量也比未添加前提高了23.02%,为26.13μg·g~(-1)。
通过对制备出的富硒大豆蛋白进行红外光谱扫描及氨基酸组分分析,结果表明:分离出的富硒蛋白中的硒元素并不是被简单的包裹在蛋白结构中,而是与蛋白分子相结合形成了稳定的化合物,并且富硒蛋白中氨基酸总量有明显提高,比普通大豆蛋白提高了18.86%,其中谷氨酸的含量提高最为显著,大约提高了35.54%。同时稀土对提高蛋白质中氨基酸总量也具有促进作用。对富硒大豆蛋白进行抗氧化活性分析结果表明,富硒大豆蛋白清除羟自由基和超氧自由基的能力都有所提高,尤其对超氧自由基(·O_2~-)的清除率更为显著。
对稀土富硒豆芽和富硒蛋白中的稀土含量进行了分析,结果表明,稀土富硒黄豆芽中的稀土含量与所添加的稀土浓度成正比关系,当添加的稀土La浓度为7μg·mL~(-1)时,富硒黄豆芽中以及提出的富硒蛋白中的稀土含量都最高,豆芽中为30.35μg·g~(-1),蛋白中为45.37μg·g~(-1);远低于人体对稀土的最高耐受量12mg·d~(-1)～120mg·d~(-1)。由此可知,稀土可以作为生产富硒大豆蛋白的一种安全而且有效的富硒促进剂,在食品领域中具有广阔的应用前景。
This study took the soybean as raw carrier. Enrich selenium in it by treating soybean with selenium solution of different concentrations and by way of soaking and spraying. Biological accumulation of selenium was realize during the process of soybean sprouting, The protein of selenium-enriched soybean sprouts is isolated from the selenium-enriched soybean sprouts by the method of alkali-solution and acid-isolation. And content of total selenium were determined by using a fluormetric method; the content of organic selenium is analyzed by the method of still-placed and oozing-out the inorganic selenium. The effect of selenium applied at different levels including different concentration and cultivation time on the ability to accumulate selenium during the soybean germinated was studied. The result indicates that Se concentration and cultivation time have determinant effect on the content of selenium enriched in soybean sprouts. The optimum content of total selenium in soybean sprouts is 42.46μg/g. Se content of soybean proteins extracted is 21.24μg/g. When treated with 10μg/ml selenium solution in soybean sprouts and cultivation time is 120h.
REE as selenium-enriched accelerant was utilized for improving Se accumulation in the soybean sprouts because of outstanding biology function. In this paper, The REE selenium-enriched soybean sprouts were prepared by adding different concentrations of rare earth La3+、Ce3+、Nd3+ into different concentrations of selenium cultivation solution and The REE selenium-enriched soybean proteins was isolated, determine result show that REE can promote ability of soybean sprouts to absorb Se and increase the content of total selenium and organic selenium, but the impact of different rare earth element has discrepancy upon the kind and concentration of REE. The most effective rare earth element is La. Next is Nd, last is Ce. The result indicates that La3+ promotes the uptake of selenium in the soybean sprouts and Se organic degree at low concentrations. Content of total selenium and organic selenium in selenium-enriched soybean sprouts were both raised gradually when the concentrations of La3+ is below 6μg/ml, but decreased when the concentrations of La3+are above 7μg/ml. The same trend occur to Se content of the protein components extracted from Selenium-enriched Soybean sprouts treated with La3+. The highest Se content 65.83μg·g~(-1) and Se content of protein 26.13μg·g~(-1) were all observed at concentrations 6μg·mL~(-1) La3+, which was respectively increased by 55.06% and 23.02% as apposed to that from soybean sprouts treated without La3+.
Data from Infrared spectrum scanning and Analysis of Amino Acids constituents show that Se of Selenium-enriched protein was found to be incorporated chemically into the protein structure rather than being bound physically to cell wall. And total content of amino acids in proteins extracts was increased by 18.86% as opposed to that from common soybean sprouts; especially content of glutamic acid was remarkably increased by 35.54 %. Furthermore, REE can further increase the total content of amino acids in the soybean sprouts. Antioxidant analysis shows that ability of selenium-enriched proteins to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals was increased effectively, especially for the superoxide radicals.
The content of rare earth is analyzed. And the data indicates that the contents of rare earth in the samples increase with the increase of the concentration of rare earth added in the cultivation solution. When the concentrations of rare earth added in the soybean sprouts is 7μg·mL~(-1), the highest content of rare earth in the soybean sprouts and protein is 30.35μg·g~(-1) and 45.37μg·g~(-1) respectively, Which are both below the tolerable upper intake level of rare earth for adults12mg·d~(-1)～120mg·d~(-1). In general, rare earth is an effective and safe selenium-enriched accelerant for soybean protein and of expansive application foreground in food field.
引文
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