超短波无人机天线研究
摘要
本文阐述了宽带天线的基本理论，简要分析了常用的展宽天线带宽的方法。文章主要做了两方面的工作，一是分析了加载方法来展宽带宽，在Altshuler天线理论的基础上，对工作在超短波，带宽三个倍频的直立单极子天线加载的位置以及大小进行了研究，得出了加载大小及位置对指标影响的一般规律。二是研究了实频数据法、直接优化法以及遗传算法等宽带匹配网络设计方法，并设计出了结构简单、工作性能良好的网络。
在这样的工作基础上，设计出了一种适合于无人机特殊安装环境要求的超短波宽带天线，同样研究了这种天线的加载以及匹配网络设计。
最后对天线的计算结果和测试结果进行了对比分析，总结出了同类问题的规律。
The basic theory of broadband antenna is explained in this paper ,and some usual methods to broaden the bandwidth of antenna are analyzed, in which we choose load to broaden the bandwidth in our experiment. According to Altshuler theory, we discussed and selected the appropriate place and magnitude of loading for an ordinary monopole of which the working bandwidth is broad. The usual way to design a broadband matching network such as Real Frequency Method、Direct Optimal Method and Genetic Algorithm, are analyzed and then a network with simple structure but good performance is gained.
Then a new type of monopole is proposed in order to meet some special need.The new antenna has a gradient radiator besides an upstanding part, which made it different from the common monopole. Similarly, load and broadband matching network of this antenna is studied in this paper.
At the end of the paper, the results of computing and that of test are compared, and we obtained the rule for similar problems.
在这样的工作基础上，设计出了一种适合于无人机特殊安装环境要求的超短波宽带天线，同样研究了这种天线的加载以及匹配网络设计。
最后对天线的计算结果和测试结果进行了对比分析，总结出了同类问题的规律。
The basic theory of broadband antenna is explained in this paper ,and some usual methods to broaden the bandwidth of antenna are analyzed, in which we choose load to broaden the bandwidth in our experiment. According to Altshuler theory, we discussed and selected the appropriate place and magnitude of loading for an ordinary monopole of which the working bandwidth is broad. The usual way to design a broadband matching network such as Real Frequency Method、Direct Optimal Method and Genetic Algorithm, are analyzed and then a network with simple structure but good performance is gained.
Then a new type of monopole is proposed in order to meet some special need.The new antenna has a gradient radiator besides an upstanding part, which made it different from the common monopole. Similarly, load and broadband matching network of this antenna is studied in this paper.
At the end of the paper, the results of computing and that of test are compared, and we obtained the rule for similar problems.
引文
[1] 王元坤，李玉权．《线天线的宽频带技术》第一版．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1995
[2] 周朝栋，王元坤，周良明．《线天线理论与工程》第一版．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1988
[3] 魏文元，宫德明，陈必森．《天线原理》第一版．西安：
[4] 孙保华 纪奕才 刘其中《VHF/UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究》，2002年6月
[5] 陈轶鸿 孙琰 肖良勇 郭渭盛《宽带天线阻抗匹配网络设计中的实频法》1997年3月
[6] 孙保华 VHF／UHF全向宽带小型化天线的研究2001年5月：66～76
[7] 孙保华，周良明，肖辉 天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法西安电子科技大学学报，1999年12月
[8] R. C. Hansen, " Evaluation of the Snyder Dipole, " IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat.,vol.AP-35,pp.207-210,Feb. 1987.
[9] F. J. Witt, "The Coaxial Resonator Match and the broadband dipole," scheduled for publication in QST, vol.73,Apr. 1989.
[10] W K Chen. Theory and Design of Broadband Marching Networks[M].New York; Pergamon Press, 1976
[11] O M Ramahi,R J Mittra.Design of a matching network for an HF antenna using the real frequency method [J]. IEEE Trans on AP, 1989,47(4):506-509.
[12] D E Goldberg.Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning[M].New York:Addison Wesley, 1986
[13]D S Weile,E Michielssen.Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electromagnetics: A review [J]. IEEE Trans on AP ,1997,45(3): 343-353.
[14] 孙保华，焦永昌，刘其中，张福顺．遗传算法设计宽带匹配网络[J]．电波科学学报．1999，14(增刊)：326-329
[15] Bandler J W.Optimization Method for Computer Aid Design[J].IEEE Trans on MTT,1969,17(8) :30-39.
[16] Carlin H J. A New Approach to Gain Bandwidth Problem [J].IEEE Trans on Circuit and Syst,1979,24(4): 170-175.
[17] 黄香馥．宽带匹配网络[M]．西安：西北电讯工程学院出版社，1987．120-158
[18] Carlin H J, Komaik J J.A New Method of Broadband Equalization Applied to Microwave Amplifiers[J].IEEE Trans on MTT, 1979,27(8):93-99.
[19] S. T. Li, D. W. S. Tam. The design of impedance matching networks for broadband antennas.AD-A 187600,Naval Ocean Systems Center, 1987.
[20] D. F. Tuttle,Jr.Network Synthesis. New York:Wiley,1958.
[21] 陈惠开．宽带匹配网络的理论与设计，人民邮电出版社，1982
[22] Youla, D. C. A new theory of broadband matching. IEEE Trans. C ircuit T heory, 1964; 11(3): 30～50.
[23] Bode, H. W. N etw ork A naly sis and Feed back Am p lif ier D esig n, P riceton, N. J.: V anNostrand, 1945.
[24] W u, S. J. , P. T. Chew. Genetic algorithm for solving m ixed2discrete op tim ization problem. J. F ranck lin Inst, 1994; 331B (4): 381～401.
[25] Altshuler. E. E. The Traveling-Wave linear Antenna.IRE Trans. On Antennas and Propagat.July 1961.9:324.
[26] 吴万春，梁昌洪1微波网络及其应用1西安：西安电子科技大学出版社
[27] 高葆新，洪兴楠1微波电路计算机辅助设计1北京：清华大学出版社，1986
[28] Dedieu H, Deho llain C, N eirynck J, Rhodes G. A new method for solving broadband match ing problem s. IEEE T rans CA S, 1994, 9(4): 561～571
[29] "Pattern Bandwidth Optimization of the Sleeve Monopole Antenna" A. J. POGGIO and P. E. MAYES IEEE AP. Vol-14 Sep. 1966.
[30] "Asymmertically Driven Antennas and the sleeve Dipole" R. king Cruft lab Harvard University Cambridge Mass Tech Rept 93.1949.
[2] 周朝栋，王元坤，周良明．《线天线理论与工程》第一版．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1988
[3] 魏文元，宫德明，陈必森．《天线原理》第一版．西安：
[4] 孙保华 纪奕才 刘其中《VHF/UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究》，2002年6月
[5] 陈轶鸿 孙琰 肖良勇 郭渭盛《宽带天线阻抗匹配网络设计中的实频法》1997年3月
[6] 孙保华 VHF／UHF全向宽带小型化天线的研究2001年5月：66～76
[7] 孙保华，周良明，肖辉 天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法西安电子科技大学学报，1999年12月
[8] R. C. Hansen, " Evaluation of the Snyder Dipole, " IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat.,vol.AP-35,pp.207-210,Feb. 1987.
[9] F. J. Witt, "The Coaxial Resonator Match and the broadband dipole," scheduled for publication in QST, vol.73,Apr. 1989.
[10] W K Chen. Theory and Design of Broadband Marching Networks[M].New York; Pergamon Press, 1976
[11] O M Ramahi,R J Mittra.Design of a matching network for an HF antenna using the real frequency method [J]. IEEE Trans on AP, 1989,47(4):506-509.
[12] D E Goldberg.Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning[M].New York:Addison Wesley, 1986
[13]D S Weile,E Michielssen.Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electromagnetics: A review [J]. IEEE Trans on AP ,1997,45(3): 343-353.
[14] 孙保华，焦永昌，刘其中，张福顺．遗传算法设计宽带匹配网络[J]．电波科学学报．1999，14(增刊)：326-329
[15] Bandler J W.Optimization Method for Computer Aid Design[J].IEEE Trans on MTT,1969,17(8) :30-39.
[16] Carlin H J. A New Approach to Gain Bandwidth Problem [J].IEEE Trans on Circuit and Syst,1979,24(4): 170-175.
[17] 黄香馥．宽带匹配网络[M]．西安：西北电讯工程学院出版社，1987．120-158
[18] Carlin H J, Komaik J J.A New Method of Broadband Equalization Applied to Microwave Amplifiers[J].IEEE Trans on MTT, 1979,27(8):93-99.
[19] S. T. Li, D. W. S. Tam. The design of impedance matching networks for broadband antennas.AD-A 187600,Naval Ocean Systems Center, 1987.
[20] D. F. Tuttle,Jr.Network Synthesis. New York:Wiley,1958.
[21] 陈惠开．宽带匹配网络的理论与设计，人民邮电出版社，1982
[22] Youla, D. C. A new theory of broadband matching. IEEE Trans. C ircuit T heory, 1964; 11(3): 30～50.
[23] Bode, H. W. N etw ork A naly sis and Feed back Am p lif ier D esig n, P riceton, N. J.: V anNostrand, 1945.
[24] W u, S. J. , P. T. Chew. Genetic algorithm for solving m ixed2discrete op tim ization problem. J. F ranck lin Inst, 1994; 331B (4): 381～401.
[25] Altshuler. E. E. The Traveling-Wave linear Antenna.IRE Trans. On Antennas and Propagat.July 1961.9:324.
[26] 吴万春，梁昌洪1微波网络及其应用1西安：西安电子科技大学出版社
[27] 高葆新，洪兴楠1微波电路计算机辅助设计1北京：清华大学出版社，1986
[28] Dedieu H, Deho llain C, N eirynck J, Rhodes G. A new method for solving broadband match ing problem s. IEEE T rans CA S, 1994, 9(4): 561～571
[29] "Pattern Bandwidth Optimization of the Sleeve Monopole Antenna" A. J. POGGIO and P. E. MAYES IEEE AP. Vol-14 Sep. 1966.
[30] "Asymmertically Driven Antennas and the sleeve Dipole" R. king Cruft lab Harvard University Cambridge Mass Tech Rept 93.1949.
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