轮胎压力监测系统开发及通讯场测试
摘要
本文综述了国内外轮胎压力监测系统的发展现状和特点，分析了轮胎压力、温度对轮胎性能的影响，并得出了压力过高、压力过低、温度过高是影响轮胎安全运行的主要原因。在此基础上，设计了轮胎压力监测系统的整体方案，并且得出了系统的基本功能和性能指标。
系统整体由一个接收模块和四个轮胎发射模块构成，轮胎发射模块和接收模块之间采用无线数据传输。轮胎发射模块完成信号的采集和发送功能，接收模块则完成无线信号的接收、处理、显示和报警功能。
系统采用模块化的设计思想，硬件设计采用适合于汽车环境的集成化电子器件，发射模块设计包括传感器、微控制器和射频发射电路，着重考虑了如何降低模块功耗、减小模块体积和重量，尤其是利用加速度传感器进行电源管理，有效的减少了模块能耗；接收模块的设计包括射频接收电路设计、控制器单元设计和人机交互设计。采用多对一的单方向FSK数字调频的无线通讯方式，提高了系统数据传输的可靠性和抗干扰能力。
软件设计包括了轮胎压力和温度的采样，无线数据发送与接收、数据处理、异常状态的报警等设计。无线传输采用了校验和的方式，进一步提高了数据传输的抗干扰能力。
针对汽车环境恶劣、干扰严重的特点，从系统的硬件、软件设计等多方面进行抗干扰的综合考虑，并利用多种软件和硬件技术来提高和改善系统的抗干扰能力，特别讨论了射频电路板的设计，提高系统的可靠性和实用性。
论文综合运用了传感器技术、微控制器技术、无线通讯技术、软件技术等构筑了轮胎压力监测系统的样机。经过前期的调试与试验表明，本文所设计的轮胎压力监测系统在理论和技术上都是可行的，不但能满足NHTSA标准的要求，而且在功能上得到了扩充。具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。
The paper summarizes domestic and international developing actuality and characteristic of tire pressure monitoring system, and analyses the pressure and temperature impacts on the performance of tires. At the result , the safe operation of the tires is mainly affected by low pressure, high pressure and high temperature. Based on this, the general design of tire pressure monitoring system is presented, and the basic function and performance is listed.
In the whole the system is made of one receiver module and four tire transmit modules, between which data is transferred by wireless radio frequency. The tire transmit module has the function of the sampling signal and the transmission, and receiver module has the function of receive of wireless signal, process, display and alarm.
On the design of system, modularization technique is adopted. In the hardware design, some integrated electronic devices fitting for automobile's environment are used. The main design purpose of tire transmit module is how to reduce the power consumption, minish volume and weight, which include the design of senor, microcontroller and radio frequency transmitter. Especially using accelerating sensor to manage power supply, effectively economizes power consumption. The design of receiver module includes the radio frequency receiver and microcontroller. It effectively improves the reliability and anti-interference ability that adopted the many-to-one and one-direction wireless communication way of FSK digital frequency modulation.
Software is made up of the modules of the sample of the pressure and the temperature of the tire, the wireless transmit and receive of the data, the data process and abnormal state's alarm. The wireless transmit adopting checksum way which improve the anti-interference ability of data transmission further.
Aiming at the characteristic of bad environment and serious disturbance, many kinds of software and hardware technology, especially the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design of radio frequency, are applied to improve systematic anti-interference ability, which comprehensively improve systematic dependability and practicability.
The thesis synthetically manages the senor technology, microcontroller technology, and wireless communication technology, software engineering, etc., and designs the prototype of tire pressure monitoring system. By the systemic analyses, previous test and experiment, it indicates the designed system in this paper has feasibility in theory and technology. Not only can the system meet the demand for NHTSA standard, but also it expands its function, it has certain practical value and applied prospect.
系统整体由一个接收模块和四个轮胎发射模块构成，轮胎发射模块和接收模块之间采用无线数据传输。轮胎发射模块完成信号的采集和发送功能，接收模块则完成无线信号的接收、处理、显示和报警功能。
系统采用模块化的设计思想，硬件设计采用适合于汽车环境的集成化电子器件，发射模块设计包括传感器、微控制器和射频发射电路，着重考虑了如何降低模块功耗、减小模块体积和重量，尤其是利用加速度传感器进行电源管理，有效的减少了模块能耗；接收模块的设计包括射频接收电路设计、控制器单元设计和人机交互设计。采用多对一的单方向FSK数字调频的无线通讯方式，提高了系统数据传输的可靠性和抗干扰能力。
软件设计包括了轮胎压力和温度的采样，无线数据发送与接收、数据处理、异常状态的报警等设计。无线传输采用了校验和的方式，进一步提高了数据传输的抗干扰能力。
针对汽车环境恶劣、干扰严重的特点，从系统的硬件、软件设计等多方面进行抗干扰的综合考虑，并利用多种软件和硬件技术来提高和改善系统的抗干扰能力，特别讨论了射频电路板的设计，提高系统的可靠性和实用性。
论文综合运用了传感器技术、微控制器技术、无线通讯技术、软件技术等构筑了轮胎压力监测系统的样机。经过前期的调试与试验表明，本文所设计的轮胎压力监测系统在理论和技术上都是可行的，不但能满足NHTSA标准的要求，而且在功能上得到了扩充。具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。
The paper summarizes domestic and international developing actuality and characteristic of tire pressure monitoring system, and analyses the pressure and temperature impacts on the performance of tires. At the result , the safe operation of the tires is mainly affected by low pressure, high pressure and high temperature. Based on this, the general design of tire pressure monitoring system is presented, and the basic function and performance is listed.
In the whole the system is made of one receiver module and four tire transmit modules, between which data is transferred by wireless radio frequency. The tire transmit module has the function of the sampling signal and the transmission, and receiver module has the function of receive of wireless signal, process, display and alarm.
On the design of system, modularization technique is adopted. In the hardware design, some integrated electronic devices fitting for automobile's environment are used. The main design purpose of tire transmit module is how to reduce the power consumption, minish volume and weight, which include the design of senor, microcontroller and radio frequency transmitter. Especially using accelerating sensor to manage power supply, effectively economizes power consumption. The design of receiver module includes the radio frequency receiver and microcontroller. It effectively improves the reliability and anti-interference ability that adopted the many-to-one and one-direction wireless communication way of FSK digital frequency modulation.
Software is made up of the modules of the sample of the pressure and the temperature of the tire, the wireless transmit and receive of the data, the data process and abnormal state's alarm. The wireless transmit adopting checksum way which improve the anti-interference ability of data transmission further.
Aiming at the characteristic of bad environment and serious disturbance, many kinds of software and hardware technology, especially the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design of radio frequency, are applied to improve systematic anti-interference ability, which comprehensively improve systematic dependability and practicability.
The thesis synthetically manages the senor technology, microcontroller technology, and wireless communication technology, software engineering, etc., and designs the prototype of tire pressure monitoring system. By the systemic analyses, previous test and experiment, it indicates the designed system in this paper has feasibility in theory and technology. Not only can the system meet the demand for NHTSA standard, but also it expands its function, it has certain practical value and applied prospect.
引文
[1] 韩建保，陈厉兵．轮胎气压电子实时监测系统[J]．汽车技术，2002，12(7)：40-41．
[2] 乔俊．速公路上轮胎爆破的原因和防范措施[J]．轮胎工业，1999，19(9)：551-555．
[3] Burgess Jeff. Tire pressure monitoring: An industry under pressure. Advanstar Communication. 2003(7): 20-23.
[4] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Tire Pressure Monitoring System Final Rule [EB/OL]. http://www.citizen.org/autosafety, 2005-5-5.
[5] RIN 2127-AI33: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems; Controls and Displays. Department of Transportation(DOT), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (NHTSA)
[6] 刘桂飘．轮胎爆裂突发交通事故成因及预防措施[J]．广东公安科技，2000，11(1)：59-61．
[7] 邓海燕．轮胎充气压力检测技术开发背景与最新动向[J]．轮胎工业，2003，10(2)：110-112．
[8] 张孟俊，孙鸿杭．汽车电子技术的现状及发展[J]．电子产品世界．2004，16(6)：52-55．
[9] Anon. NHTSA sets standard for tire pressure monitoring devices. Docket No. NHTSA 2000-8752, RIN2127-A133
[10] 颜重光．TPMS的设计方案的思考[J]．电子质量．2005，21(7)：1-4．
[11] 李危，尹树飞．TPMS无源化发展方向研究[J]．上海汽车．2006，27(2)：39-41．
[12] 单春贤，韩钧．轮胎压力监测系统的开发及发展趋势[J]．拖拉机与农用运输车，2006，33(5)：91～93．
[13] 王泽鹏．智能轮胎技术的发展现状及需解决的问题[J]．汽车技术．2005，22(2)：1-4．
[14] 张德彦．合理使用轮胎[J]．轮胎工业，1999，19(2)：20-22．
[15] 刘桂飘，罗玉涛．轮胎气压对汽车性能影响的研究[J]．广东公安科技，2003，13(1)：58-61．
[16] 崔胜民，余群编著．汽车轮胎行驶性能与测试[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1995
[17] 华自强，张忠进编著．工程热力学[M]．第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[18] 凌有家．轮胎的使用特性及其应用技术[J]．中南汽车运输，1999，25(3)：16-17．
[19] 庄继德著．现代汽车轮胎技术[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2001
[20] 苏楚奇．轮胎压力监测技术[J]．北京汽车，2005，31(1)：22-24．
[21] 王吉忠，魏兆宏．轮胎气压自动监测和报警系统[J]．汽车电器．2002，15(4)：56-58．
[22] 董辉编．汽车电子技术与传感器[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995
[23] Motorola, Inc.. Tire pressure monitoring system application. 2005
[24] 汪凯．英飞凌轮胎压力监测系统方案[EB／OL]．http://www.stemtec.com.cn, 2005-7-19
[25] 蔡述庭，袁从贵．基于NPX的新型轮胎压力监测系统[J]．电子技术运用，2005，20(5)：63-65．
[26] 符策．二进制移频键控在数字通信中的解调[J]．大连海事大学学报，2003，27(3)：101-103．
[27] 樊昌信，詹道庸等编著．通信原理[M]．第二版．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[28] SP12 Product Specification. Infineon Sensor, Inc. 2004
[29] Motorola, Inc.. MC68HC908RF2 Advance Information. 2001
[30] 张幸，应萍．汽车胎压监视系统发射器的设计[J]．电子技术．2005，19(5)68-70．
[31] Motorola, Inc.. MC33493/D Technical Data. 2002
[32] Motorola, Inc.. MC33594/D Data Sheet. 2002
[33] 陈法国．无线接口电路在TPMS中的应用[J]．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2005，34(7)：23-25．
[34] 南京国显电子有限公司．LSBl2864CT显示模块说明书
[35] 闫玉德，俞虹编著．MCS-51单片机原理与运用[M]．北京．机械工业出版社，2002
[36] Ozawa, Takashi Batteries expand application arena. Electronic Products. 2003 (7): 25-27
[37] 深圳艾博尔新能源有限公司．胎压监测系统(TPMS)中为什么要用锂亚电池?[EB/OL]. http://www.able-battery.com/TPMS.htm
[38] ON Semiconductor, Inc.. MC7800 Series: Three-Terminal Positive Voltage Regulators. 2001
[39] 高如云，陆曼茹等编著．通信电子线路[M]．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[40] 高吉祥主编．高频电子线路[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2003
[41] 孙保华，纪奕才等．VHF／UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究[J]．电子学报．2002，32(6)：797-799．
[42] 胡树豪著．实用射频技术[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2003
[43] 曾新雯，刘乃安等编．高频电路原理与分析[M]．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[44] 林昌碌主编．天线工程手册[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2002
[45] 林昌碌主编．天线测量[M]．成都．成都电讯工程学院出版社，1988
[46] 毛乃宏，俱新德编著．天线测量手册[M]．北京．国防工业出版社，1987
[47] 龚盛耀，孙浩．印刷电路板抗干扰性能研究[J]．仪表技术．2001，27(3)：21-24．
[48] 丁小东．电子设备的接地和接地设计[J]．电子机械工程．2001，28(1)：15-18．
[49] 徐亮，阮江军等．去耦电容在PCB板设计中的应用[J]．电测与仪表．2002，24(4)：5-8．
[50] 吴建辉，茅洁．射频电路PCB设计[J]．电子工艺技术．2003，22(1)：19-21．
[51] 杜思深，王轶．单片机控制系统中的抗干扰技术及应用[J]．空间电子技术．2003，14(1)：60-64
[52] Motorola, Inc.. AN1951/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[53] Motorola, Inc.. AN2707/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[54] Motorola, Inc.. AN2783/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[55] 樊昌信，詹道庸等编著．通信原理[M]．第二版．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[56] Motorola, Inc.. MC68HC908RF2 Data Sheet. 2002
[57] ON Semiconductor, Inc.. MC74HC125A/D Data Sheet. 2000
[58] Motorola, Inc.. MC145407/D Advance Information. 1995
[59] P&E Microcomputer Systems, Inc.. MON08 MULTILINK User Manual. 2003
[60] P&E Microcomputer Systems, Inc.. Addendum to The M68ICS08 Operator' s Manual, M68ICS08SOM/D for ICS08RK. 2002
[61] 常越编著．MC68HC908单片机原理及C语言开发实例[M]．北京．北京航空航天大学出版社
[2] 乔俊．速公路上轮胎爆破的原因和防范措施[J]．轮胎工业，1999，19(9)：551-555．
[3] Burgess Jeff. Tire pressure monitoring: An industry under pressure. Advanstar Communication. 2003(7): 20-23.
[4] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Tire Pressure Monitoring System Final Rule [EB/OL]. http://www.citizen.org/autosafety, 2005-5-5.
[5] RIN 2127-AI33: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems; Controls and Displays. Department of Transportation(DOT), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (NHTSA)
[6] 刘桂飘．轮胎爆裂突发交通事故成因及预防措施[J]．广东公安科技，2000，11(1)：59-61．
[7] 邓海燕．轮胎充气压力检测技术开发背景与最新动向[J]．轮胎工业，2003，10(2)：110-112．
[8] 张孟俊，孙鸿杭．汽车电子技术的现状及发展[J]．电子产品世界．2004，16(6)：52-55．
[9] Anon. NHTSA sets standard for tire pressure monitoring devices. Docket No. NHTSA 2000-8752, RIN2127-A133
[10] 颜重光．TPMS的设计方案的思考[J]．电子质量．2005，21(7)：1-4．
[11] 李危，尹树飞．TPMS无源化发展方向研究[J]．上海汽车．2006，27(2)：39-41．
[12] 单春贤，韩钧．轮胎压力监测系统的开发及发展趋势[J]．拖拉机与农用运输车，2006，33(5)：91～93．
[13] 王泽鹏．智能轮胎技术的发展现状及需解决的问题[J]．汽车技术．2005，22(2)：1-4．
[14] 张德彦．合理使用轮胎[J]．轮胎工业，1999，19(2)：20-22．
[15] 刘桂飘，罗玉涛．轮胎气压对汽车性能影响的研究[J]．广东公安科技，2003，13(1)：58-61．
[16] 崔胜民，余群编著．汽车轮胎行驶性能与测试[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1995
[17] 华自强，张忠进编著．工程热力学[M]．第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[18] 凌有家．轮胎的使用特性及其应用技术[J]．中南汽车运输，1999，25(3)：16-17．
[19] 庄继德著．现代汽车轮胎技术[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2001
[20] 苏楚奇．轮胎压力监测技术[J]．北京汽车，2005，31(1)：22-24．
[21] 王吉忠，魏兆宏．轮胎气压自动监测和报警系统[J]．汽车电器．2002，15(4)：56-58．
[22] 董辉编．汽车电子技术与传感器[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995
[23] Motorola, Inc.. Tire pressure monitoring system application. 2005
[24] 汪凯．英飞凌轮胎压力监测系统方案[EB／OL]．http://www.stemtec.com.cn, 2005-7-19
[25] 蔡述庭，袁从贵．基于NPX的新型轮胎压力监测系统[J]．电子技术运用，2005，20(5)：63-65．
[26] 符策．二进制移频键控在数字通信中的解调[J]．大连海事大学学报，2003，27(3)：101-103．
[27] 樊昌信，詹道庸等编著．通信原理[M]．第二版．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[28] SP12 Product Specification. Infineon Sensor, Inc. 2004
[29] Motorola, Inc.. MC68HC908RF2 Advance Information. 2001
[30] 张幸，应萍．汽车胎压监视系统发射器的设计[J]．电子技术．2005，19(5)68-70．
[31] Motorola, Inc.. MC33493/D Technical Data. 2002
[32] Motorola, Inc.. MC33594/D Data Sheet. 2002
[33] 陈法国．无线接口电路在TPMS中的应用[J]．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2005，34(7)：23-25．
[34] 南京国显电子有限公司．LSBl2864CT显示模块说明书
[35] 闫玉德，俞虹编著．MCS-51单片机原理与运用[M]．北京．机械工业出版社，2002
[36] Ozawa, Takashi Batteries expand application arena. Electronic Products. 2003 (7): 25-27
[37] 深圳艾博尔新能源有限公司．胎压监测系统(TPMS)中为什么要用锂亚电池?[EB/OL]. http://www.able-battery.com/TPMS.htm
[38] ON Semiconductor, Inc.. MC7800 Series: Three-Terminal Positive Voltage Regulators. 2001
[39] 高如云，陆曼茹等编著．通信电子线路[M]．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[40] 高吉祥主编．高频电子线路[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2003
[41] 孙保华，纪奕才等．VHF／UHF天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究[J]．电子学报．2002，32(6)：797-799．
[42] 胡树豪著．实用射频技术[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2003
[43] 曾新雯，刘乃安等编．高频电路原理与分析[M]．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[44] 林昌碌主编．天线工程手册[M]．北京．电子工业出版社，2002
[45] 林昌碌主编．天线测量[M]．成都．成都电讯工程学院出版社，1988
[46] 毛乃宏，俱新德编著．天线测量手册[M]．北京．国防工业出版社，1987
[47] 龚盛耀，孙浩．印刷电路板抗干扰性能研究[J]．仪表技术．2001，27(3)：21-24．
[48] 丁小东．电子设备的接地和接地设计[J]．电子机械工程．2001，28(1)：15-18．
[49] 徐亮，阮江军等．去耦电容在PCB板设计中的应用[J]．电测与仪表．2002，24(4)：5-8．
[50] 吴建辉，茅洁．射频电路PCB设计[J]．电子工艺技术．2003，22(1)：19-21．
[51] 杜思深，王轶．单片机控制系统中的抗干扰技术及应用[J]．空间电子技术．2003，14(1)：60-64
[52] Motorola, Inc.. AN1951/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[53] Motorola, Inc.. AN2707/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[54] Motorola, Inc.. AN2783/D Application Note: Motorola Tire Pressure Monitor System Demo. 2003
[55] 樊昌信，詹道庸等编著．通信原理[M]．第二版．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[56] Motorola, Inc.. MC68HC908RF2 Data Sheet. 2002
[57] ON Semiconductor, Inc.. MC74HC125A/D Data Sheet. 2000
[58] Motorola, Inc.. MC145407/D Advance Information. 1995
[59] P&E Microcomputer Systems, Inc.. MON08 MULTILINK User Manual. 2003
[60] P&E Microcomputer Systems, Inc.. Addendum to The M68ICS08 Operator' s Manual, M68ICS08SOM/D for ICS08RK. 2002
[61] 常越编著．MC68HC908单片机原理及C语言开发实例[M]．北京．北京航空航天大学出版社
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |